Cancer-related fatigue is a common problem among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors even after completion of treatment. In a randomised trial, we assessed the effect of a person-centred lifestyle programme on cancer-related fatigue among CRC survivors who completed treatment. Survivors who completed treatment at least 6 months but no longer than 5 years ago and who were experiencing cancer-related fatigue were randomised to intervention or control group. The intervention group worked with a lifestyle coach for 6 months during twelve sessions to stepwise increase adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research cancer prevention guidelines on healthy diet and physical activity. The control group did not receive lifestyle coaching. Changes in cancer-related fatigue from baseline to 6 months were assessed with the FACIT (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy) – Fatigue Scale. As a secondary outcome, we assessed changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Higher scores indicate less fatigue and better HRQoL. Eighty participants were randomised to the intervention group; eighty-one to the control group. Baseline characteristics were similar: mean age 64·1 (sd 10·9) years; 55·3 % were women; and 72 % had colon cancer. There were favourable changes in dietary behaviours and physical activity in the intervention group; the control group did not show changes to the same extent. The programme did not result in statistically significant differential changes over time between intervention and control group in cancer-related fatigue (0·8; 95 % CI −1·6, 3·2) or HRQoL (1·3; 95 % CI −2·2, 4·8). A person-centred lifestyle programme improved the lifestyle of CRC survivors, but the programme was not effective in reducing cancer-related fatigue or in improving HRQoL.

General additive functionals of patricia tries are studied asymptotically in a probabilistic model with independent, identically distributed letters from a finite alphabet. Asymptotic normality is shown after normalization together with asymptotic expansions of the moments. There are two regimes depending on the algebraic structure of the letter probabilities, with and without oscillations in the expansion of moments. As applications firstly the proportion of fringe trees of patricia tries with k keys is studied, which is oscillating around $(1-\rho(k))/(2H)k(k-1)$, where H denotes the source entropy and $\rho(k)$ is exponentially decreasing. The oscillations are identified explicitly. Secondly, the independence number of patricia tries and of tries is considered. The general results for additive functions also apply, where a leading constant is numerically approximated. The results extend work of Janson on tries by relating additive functionals on patricia tries to additive functionals on tries.

Research suggests considerable developmental catch-up among adopted children who experienced early adversity across various domains, yet a substantial subgroup continues to exhibit elevated socio-emotional difficulties. Longitudinal studies can provide critical insights into the mechanisms underlying this ongoing vulnerability, yet no systematic review has been conducted to synthesize these findings. This systematic review identified 16 longitudinal studies (N = 3,073 adoptees) through searches in PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, all of which followed children adopted before the age of six into adolescence or adulthood, with an average follow-up period of 10 years. Due to significant heterogeneity across study designs, samples, and measures, a meta-analysis was not feasible; therefore, adoptees’ outcomes and developmental pathways are synthesized narratively. Early adversity and developmental difficulties most frequently predicted later socio-emotional and behavioral outcomes, with some evidence pointing to genetic, epigenetic, and gene–environment interaction effects. Early difficulties may have cascading consequences across multiple developmental domains. Yet, the small number of longitudinal studies and their heterogeneity limits conclusive understanding of developmental pathways. Recommendations are made to inform and strengthen future research efforts.

Predatory mites are important biological control agents of spider mites in various crops. Long-term mass rearing on alternative foods, such as plant pollen, may affect their predatory efficiency, but data on Euseius scutalis are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether long-term rearing of E. scutalis on cattail pollen influences its functional response when fed on Tetranychus turkestani. Functional and numerical responses of the predatory mite E. scutalis reared on cattail (Typha latifolia) pollen over 30 generations on different densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128) of T. turkestani were evaluated. The results indicated a type II functional response for E. scutalis on T. turkestani in all generations (G1, G10, G20, and G30) tested. The attack rate (a) of E. scutalis increased as the number of generations increased. The handling time decreased as the number of generations increased from G1 (0.330 h) to G10 (0.318 h), then increased in G20 (0.572 h) and then decreased again in G30 (0.385 h). In G1 and G30, the number of eggs deposited by the predator increased as prey density increased. However, in G10 and G20, egg deposition increased up to 64 prey and then slightly decreased at 128 prey. The results indicated that the quality of E. scutalis did not lessen against T. turkestani after different periods of rearing on cattail pollen. Based on this study, we recommend cattail pollen as a good candidate for the large-scale rearing of E. scutalis for use in biological control programmes against T. turkestani.

Rather than considering popular culture in the service of states, this article directs attention instead to the social level and how fan clubs pursue their own non-state international relations. Through a comparative study of Tottenham Hotspur Supporters’ Clubs and the BTS ARMY, the article offers a tripartite framework for analysis of the previously neglected international relations of fan clubs, unpacking their distinctive transnational practices, identities, and activism. The discussion considers how fan clubs have developed their own parallels to interstate politics in their transnational practices, and advanced alternative identities rejecting state-centric territorial demarcations. In contrast to accounts of the reproduction in popular culture of elite narratives, the article highlights how fan clubs may serve to reframe and reorient from below representations of even the most exclusive aspects of interstate relations including their instruments of violence. With reference to the common case study of the Black Lives Matter movement, the article also unpacks distinctive dynamics of transnational activism among fan clubs, elaborating how techniques originally mobilized in relation to the fandom object have been transferred to address global political issues. The limitations to each of these aspects are subsequently considered in view of fan clubs’ embedding in contemporary capitalist and geopolitical relations.

In this article, I address the political, social, and humanitarian issues at the core of my works for the stage. Through examples from my operas El Palacio Imaginado (2003), La tierra de la miel (2012), and Harriet (2018), I discuss how gender issues, social justice, and the burden of racism have transformed my musical language. La tierra de la miel dramatizes the tragedy of human trafficking on the US/Mexico border through the fictionalized story of two of its victims, driven into prostitution and physically and sexually abused. The opera seeks to give a voice to the hundreds of Mexican women (often from Indigenous communities) murdered along the border between the US and Mexico. Harriet recounts episodes from the life of abolitionist Harriet Tubman, including her concerted actions to end the institution of slavery, and ends with a message expressing hope for a continuation of her fight against slavery and racism.

This article describes a novel series of classroom simulations for teaching Graham Allison’s (1971) three seminal models of foreign policy decision making (i.e., the Rational Actor Model, the Organizational Process Model, and the Bureaucratic Politics Model) and demonstrates the effectiveness of those simulations. The simulations utilize the commercially available board game, 13 Days: The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962. The game is a close approximation of the Rational Actor Model. The author developed two additional rule variants to represent the Organizational Process Model and the Bureaucratic Politics Model. The effectiveness of the simulations was evaluated with both a survey and a quiz administered to a treatment section that experienced the simulations and a control section that did not. The results indicate that the simulations are effective pedagogical tools associated with higher student excitement and enjoyment of the material, higher quiz scores, and an increased ability to self-assess understanding of the material.

The macrofossil record of the lower Palaeozoic Stavelot-Venn Inlier is revised. This inlier is the largest of the four inliers of the Ardenne Allochthon in southern Belgium and northern France, and it extends from southeastern Belgium into western Germany. The thick succession of mostly siliciclastic rocks has been traditionally assigned to the lower Cambrian to Middle Ordovician, but macrofossils are extremely rare and the microfossil (acritarch) records need revision. The presence of the ichnogenus Oldhamia indicates an early/middle Cambrian age for the lower (but not lowest) part of the succession. The graptolites from the Rhabdinopora fauna clearly point out the presence of the Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician) strata; they are locally associated with small linguliformean brachiopods (e.g., Broeggeria, Lingulella). The present revision, based on examination of the Belgian material, indicates that none of the trilobite, phyllocarid and sponge records in the literature can be confirmed. From all macrofossils mentioned in the literature, only few linguliformean brachiopod levels can be confirmed in the (? middle–upper) Cambrian and in the Lower Ordovician. The alleged bivalve from the Cambrian of the French part of the Rocroi Inlier is reillustrated.

This article defends a new type of preferential hiring. Rather than compensating groups for past or present employment-related discrimination, it seeks to ensure that groups with disproportionate unemployment rates that are due significantly – but not necessarily wholly – to their members having relatively narrow competencies, such as autistic individuals and people with hearing loss, ADHD and lower education levels, are prioritized for jobs that match their abilities. After defending such competency-based preferential hiring based on its benefits for persons with narrower competencies and for societies more broadly, I address several criticisms, including concerns that this approach may be stigmatizing.

This study investigates the reading of novel morpho-syntactic forms, specifically gender-inclusive writing in French. Inclusive writing aims to address the generic use of the masculine form, which often encourages male mental representations over female or non-binary ones. The study focuses on contracted forms using the mid-dot, such as étudiant·e·s, which have become widespread in French despite ongoing public debate. Four experiments using eye-tracking and self-paced reading methods compared reading times for inclusive, masculine, and feminine forms. Experiment 1 found no robust difference in reading times between inclusive forms ending in “·e” and their feminine counterparts, suggesting familiarity with this form. Experiment 2 showed that inclusive forms ending in “·ne”, such as comédien·ne·s, were read more slowly than their feminine counterparts, possibly due to phonological effects. Experiment 3 tested highly pronounceable inclusive forms like auteur·rice·s, which were read more slowly initially, but this effect was short-lasting. Experiment 4 compared more or less pronounceable forms, such as chanteur·euse·s and chanteur·se·s, respectively, confirming that the degree of pronounceability affects reading times. Overall, the study concluded that the reading time for contracted inclusive forms depends on familiarity and the degree of pronounceability.

We show that for any integer $k\ge 1$ there exists an integer $t_0(k)$ such that, for integers $t, k_1, \ldots , k_{t+1}, n$ with $t\gt t_0(k)$, $\max \{k_1, \ldots , k_{t+1}\}\le k$, and $n \gt 2k(t+1)$, the following holds: If $F_i$ is a $k_i$-uniform hypergraph with vertex set $[n]$ and more than $ \binom{n}{k_i}-\binom{n-t}{k_i} - \binom{n-t-k}{k_i-1} + 1$ edges for all $i \in [t+1]$, then either $\{F_1,\ldots , F_{t+1}\}$ admits a rainbow matching of size $t+1$ or there exists $W\in \binom{[n]}{t}$ such that $W$ intersects $F_i$ for all $i\in [t+1]$. This may be viewed as a rainbow non-uniform extension of the classical Hilton-Milner theorem. We also show that the same holds for every $t$ and $n \gt 2k^3t$, generalizing a recent stability result of Frankl and Kupavskii on matchings to rainbow matchings.

The limbic system is a brain structure involved in emotional regulation. Since nutritional interventions in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants may be associated with measurable differences in brain structure and function, we designed this prospective study to evaluate the impact of early nutritional support in VLBW infants on the volume of the regions that comprise the limbic system, as well as on the emotional and neuropsychological development of these infants. This is a prospective observational study of a historical cohort of children with a history of prematurity. 74 preterm infants, with a mean age of 11.1 ± 2.9 years, underwent neuropsychological assessment using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We recorded the nutritional intake during the first week of the neonatal period, as well as data related to neonatal morbidity. The association between the results of the brain structural analysis, psychometrics variables and nutritional intake was determined using simple and multivariate linear regression adjusted for child age and body mass index in the structural analysis of fMRI. Lipids intake was also associated with the volume of the left thalamus (b=50.7; p=0.014), the right thalamus (b=47.4; p=0.018) and the left nucleus accumbens (b=5.02; p=0.031). We conclude that lipids intake in the first week of life in VLBW newborns is associated with the volume of various structures of the limbic system, namely the thalamus and the nucleus accumbens.

We present a new way to control the unfolding of definitions in dependent type theory. Traditionally, proof assistants require users to fix whether each definition will or will not be unfolded in the remainder of a development; unfolding definitions is often necessary in order to reason about them, but an excess of unfolding can result in brittle proofs and intractably large proof goals. In our system, definitions are by default not unfolded, but users can selectively unfold them in a local manner. We justify our mechanism by means of elaboration to a core theory with extension types – a connective first introduced in the context of homotopy type theory – and by establishing a normalization theorem for our core calculus. We have implemented controlled unfolding in the proof assistant, inspiring an independent implementation in Agda.

This paper documents a new, unique annual database of global wine markets covering 1835–2023. The database expands enormously the opportunities for conducting studies on national and global wine production, consumption and trade from an historical and comparative perspective for the world as a whole and for most relevant countries. The combination of this basic information with other economic variables such as real GDP, population, total merchandise trade, total crop area, and the consumption of other alcoholic drinks has enabled us to generate myriad derived variables that are helpful for comparative analyses as well as for studying the two waves of globalization.