This article examines the pedagogical challenges and opportunities of teaching the Israeli–Palestinian conflict amid rising global polarization and campus tensions. We report on a cross-institutional course taught concurrently at Middlebury College (United States) and Yeditepe University (Turkey) after October 7 that was designed to address affective polarization and dehumanization through dialogic education. Drawing on mixed methods including pre- and post-semester surveys, student reflections, and podcast projects, we assess the impact of dialogic practices such as structured dialogue, active listening, and engagement with Israeli and Palestinian peace activists. Our findings indicate that dialogic classrooms (1) deepen historical and analytical understanding of the conflict, (2) foster empathy and curiosity, (3) mitigate polarization even in politically divided contexts, and (4) humanize opposing perspectives without erasing convictions. These results underscore the value of dialogic pedagogy for teaching contentious topics across sociopolitical boundaries and suggest its adaptability to other polarizing issues in political science.

There is a lack of knowledge available on how cats adjust their macronutrient partitioning due to the consumption of single macronutrient meals. The objective of this study was to evaluate consumption of a single meal of ingredients that contained foods of strictly carbohydrates (CHO), fat (FAT) or protein (PRO), on energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient metabolism in cats. Ten domestic shorthair adult cats (1.9 years; 4.12 kg) were fed 22-24g of chicken fat (FAT), 56-62g of whey protein solution (PRO), or 54-56g of cornstarch solution (CHO) for a single day in a randomized complete block design. Indirect calorimetry was conducted for 24 h post-feeding. Mean average EE over 24 h was highest in cats fed PRO (44 kcal/kg BW) and FAT (43 kcal/kg BW) compared to cats fed CHO (42 kcal/kg BW; P < 0.01). During 0 to 4 h, cats fed FAT had greater EE (48.82 kcal/kg BW), suggesting that cats respond to oxidizing more dietary fat over protein in the early postprandial stage. Mean 24 h respiratory quotient (RQ) was greatest for cats fed CHO (0.76) followed by PRO (0.75) and FAT (0.74; P < 0.05). During 4 to 8 h, the RQ of cats fed PRO was greatest (0.77), suggesting cats initially increase gluconeogenesis from amino acids for subsequent glucose oxidation. In comparison to omnivores and herbivores, obligate carnivores have unique responses to single macronutrient intake where they apparently generate energy from carbohydrate metabolism and rely more on gluconeogenic precursors.

Shakespeare’s Cymbeline explores the tension between the desire for freedom and the obligations individuals owe to their social and political communities. Through the course of the play, characters seek freedom from the authority of their fathers, kings, emperors, and gods with devastating consequences. Tragedy is only averted once these characters understand that the freedom and authority they variously desire is only fulfilled in a mutual love or good will that is bolstered by forgiveness. The play’s setting at the birth of Christ is carried through in the Christian argument and outcome of the plot.

Within a collaboration between the Brazilian Federal Police and the Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Fluminense Federal University (LAC-UFF), this work studies seized art objects made from ivory. We aim to develop protocols to verify whether they are illegal according to the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species from Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) law by measuring the carbon-14 concentration in the modified ivory samples from different sampling spots and comparing it to the bomb peak curve. Over the course of this research, we evaluate the uncertainties related to the determination of the elephants’ death. These uncertainties are due to several factors such as the provenance of the elephants, growth pattern of the tusks and incorporation of atmospheric radiocarbon to the tissues, sampling methods of ivory objects of different sizes and shapes, and radiocarbon data analysis. This work is a pioneer study in Brazil and is likely to become a reference in the country in the field of radiocarbon analyses in forensic contexts.

In this paper, we study the existence and stability of solitary wave solutions for the generalized Benjamin equation in both the $L^2$-critical and $L^2$-supercritical cases by applying the variational methods and the non-homogeneous Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality. Our main results generalize and complement the existing results in the literature.

Preparing and filing taxes has become an increasingly digital task. Older adults need to file taxes to qualify for benefits, but little is known about how older adults in Canada manage tax preparation, nor about how they get help. We investigated delegation mechanisms provided by the Canada Revenue Agency, documenting workflows needed to set up delegation and identifying privacy and security risks. We conducted a semi-structured interview study (n = 19) with older adults, formal tax volunteers, and informal tax helpers to understand the challenges and experiences in tax delegation. Our results show that the CRA’s delegation mechanisms are lightweight and enable older adults to delegate tasks to others with minimal privacy and security risks. However, we found these lightweight mechanisms were not known about or used by the older adults who delegated to informal tax helpers, nor were they known about or used by any of the informal tax helpers we interviewed.

This article aims to help clinicians better assess and manage patients who show ‘problematic detachment’: interpersonal distancing that is resulting in functional impairment or distress. It considers both the possible relevant social contextual factors and the wide range of possible underlying psychopathologies that can result in problematic detachment, including mental illnesses, neurodevelopmental disorders and personality pathology. After giving a practical framework for diagnostic formulation, it summarises key aspects of best practice when working with such individuals. The article covers four key questions that the clinician must address. Is problematic detachment present? If so, what specific challenges underlie and maintain it in this person? Based on that, what diagnostic formulation makes sense for this individual? Finally, using this understanding, how can they best treat this individual?

In this paper, I draw on feminist resources to argue that Christian analytic philosophers of religion have good reason not only to focus more thoroughly on the topic of love in their treatments of the divine nature but also to give it a substantial and transformative role in the divine nature. The way forward, I propose, involves three moves: (1) designate a place for love in the divine nature, (2) attend to feminist insights on love when doing so, and (3) consider how these interventions transform our understanding of God overall. I then begin this work. Starting with the first task, I consider two ways we might conceptualize love within the divine nature. On the first (which I call ‘the mutually conditioning approach’), love is assigned equal shaping power and, on the second (which I call ‘the orienting trait approach’), love is given enlarged shaping power in the divine nature. In comparing the two, I conclude that both have the good outcome of resulting in a transformed view of God. However, though the second option is more radical and metaphysically complex, we have good reason to prefer it to the first both from philosophical reflection on love’s nature and for its coherence with the Christian tradition. After clarifying how my argument relates to divine simplicity, I begin working towards accomplishing the second and third tasks by considering how the orienting trait approach applies to the topic of divine violence.

Rejecting the widespread view of the Aristoteles Decree as the founding charter of the Second Athenian League allows us to reconsider the traditionally accepted date of the League’s foundation and to readjust the standard perception of how it was organized. As a public-relations statement and a tool of Athens’ imperialist policies, the Aristoteles Decree both intimidated the Greeks into joining the League and demolished the military alliances of League members (by enforcing individual participation) and non-members (by advancing the autonomy clause).

In aerospace, automated assembly line, and precision engineering, asymmetric multi-robot systems comprising serial and parallel robots leverage the complementary strengths of these configurations to address the conflicting demands of high load capacity, extensive range, and flexibility in assembly tasks. However, the relatively small workspace of the parallel robot limits the full potential of the collaborative system functionality. This paper centers on a collaborative assembly system involving serial-parallel robots, whose collaborative workspace is determined by using a combination of the Monte Carlo method and lattice method. Additionally, a multi-objective optimization model is developed to holistically evaluate the collaborative workspace performance. The optimization problem is solved by an enhanced NSGA-II algorithm, which yields a Pareto optimal solution set. This result offers valuable technical insights for designing collaborative systems tailored to diverse task requirements.

This article proves two no-go results against the conventionality of geometry. I then argue that any remaining conventionality arises from scientific incompleteness. I illustrate by introducing a new kind of conventionality arising in the presence of higher spatial dimensions, where the incompleteness is resolved by introducing new physical theories like Kaluza–Klein theory. Thus, conventional choices of this kind may guide scientific discovery, but if successful, they would dissolve the original conventional freedom.

This article examines the lives of three politicians from Austria’s crownland of Bukovina—Aurel Onciul, Nikolai Wassilko, and Benno Straucher—who pursued distinct national ambitions and built successful political careers as advocates of democratization and nationalization under imperial rule. It aims to highlight the multiple transitions these individuals experienced, including shifts from conservative to democratic mass politics, struggles for national rights, and the passage from imperial to national orders. After 1918, Onciul became a representative of a nationality with its own nation-state, while Wassilko and Straucher became spokespersons for embattled minorities. All three struggled to adapt to the new national order, and the forces of nationalization they once championed ultimately turned against them. The article argues that the nationalist politics that had brought these politicians success under imperial rule were later criticized by their co-nationals as treasonous and opportunistic, illustrating the complex and often paradoxical outcomes of nationalization processes in Central Europe.

How did Arab poets experience the rise of the Islamic empire? How can Umayyad poetry help us understand this formative moment in human history? In this article, I explore the potential of Umayyad poetry for writing the history of the period, focusing on poetry of the soldiers in the Umayyad armies—men distant from political power yet serving as its instruments and deeply affected by the empire’s expansion and consolidation. Their verses complicate the traditional celebratory narratives of the Islamic conquests by giving voice to loss, grievance, and dislocation, revealing the human costs behind imperial triumph. Through its shared tone of nostalgia, this poetry not only preserves perspectives rarely heard in the historical record but also contributes to the emerging history of emotions in the early Islamic world.

In this paper, we consider a bidimensional risk model with stochastic returns and dependent subexponential claims, in which every main claim may be accompanied by a delayed claim, occurring after an uncertain period of time. The surplus of each business line is allowed to be invested in a portfolio of risk-free assets, and the price process of the investment is modeled by a geometric Lévy process. Meanwhile, we employ a time-claim-dependent structure to describe the dependence among claims and the interarrival times. Some uniform asymptotic formulas for the finite-time ruin probabilities are derived under this structure. Finally, a simulation study is conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the derived results.