This population-based cross-sectional study investigated the complex interplay of factors influencing high ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption among Brazilian adolescents using a hierarchical socioecological model. Data from 100,028 adolescents (13-17 years) enrolled in public and private schools nationwide were collected via self-administered questionnaires from the 2019 National School Health Survey. High UPF consumption was defined as ≥7 subgroups consumed on the previous day based on the NOVA classification. Poisson regression adjusted for complex sampling and hierarchical structure identified Prevalence Ratios (PR) for associated factors. High UPF consumption was significantly associated with younger age (PR=1.22; 95%CI 1.11-1.34), regular breakfast consumption (PR=1.32; 95%CI 1.23-1.42), regular screen time during meals (PR=1.36; 95%CI 1.27-1.45), frequent UPF purchases at and around school (PR for canteen: 1.57; 95%CI 1.43-1.72; street vendors: 1.71; 95%CI 1.55-1.89), higher maternal education (PR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.36), and lower parental supervision (PR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.62). Living in the South (PR 1.50, 95% CI 1.34-1.69), Southeast (PR 1.30, 95% CI 1.17-1.44) and Midwest regions (PR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34) also correlated with higher consumption. Conversely, high body satisfaction and attending private school showed an inverse association. These findings underscore the intricate, multilevel influences on UPF consumption among Brazilian adolescents. Integrated interventions, spanning schools, family environments, and public policies, are crucial for promoting healthier eating habits and preventing obesity in this vulnerable population.

Guided by steeling and hormesis models, this paper examined parenting adversity as a quadratic predictor of children’s emotion knowledge and effortful control and, in turn, their internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Participants were 238 mothers, partners, and their preschool children (Mage = 4.38 years; 52% female). Multiple methods (i.e., observations, interviews, surveys, q-sorts) and informants (i.e., trained observers, experimenters, mothers, children, teachers) were used in a longitudinal design with three annual measurement occasions. Supporting the first link in the mediational cascade, lagged, autoregressive analyses indicated that a quadratic composite of parenting adversity derived from trained observer ratings of parenting at Wave 1 was a significant predictor of children’s emotion knowledge and effortful control at Wave 2. In the second part of the proposed cascade, children’s Wave 2 emotion knowledge predicted lower levels of their Wave 3 internalizing symptoms, while their Wave 2 effortful control predicted lower levels of their Wave 3 externalizing symptoms. Consistent with steeling effects, curvilinear findings in the first part of the cascade indicated that moderate levels of exposure to parenting adversity predicted the highest levels of children’s subsequent emotion knowledge and effortful control. Children also exhibited substantially diminished emotion knowledge and effortful control as their exposure to family adversity increased from moderate to high levels.

The paper examines job quality in South Korea by applying a novel wellbeing-based approach to defining ‘bad jobs’, extending methodology previously validated in European labour markets. The study analyses Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014–2023) data to investigate the relationship between job quality and worker wellbeing. The analysis reveals a significant discontinuity in the marginal effects of job quality on wellbeing at the bottom decile, where improvements yield distinctly larger wellbeing gains for workers moving above this threshold, providing empirical support for this approach to defining ‘bad jobs’. The prevalence of bad jobs shows a declining trend between 2014 and 2023, reflecting both economic growth and policy interventions. While the sectoral distribution of bad jobs shows similarities with European patterns, distinctive features emerge in South Korea’s labour market structure, characterised by the unique role of large business conglomerates (chaebols) and institutional arrangements. This study represents the first application of a wellbeing-based approach to defining bad jobs in an Asian context, demonstrating both its international applicability and the importance of national context in understanding the patterns of bad jobs. The findings carry significant implications for labour market policy in South Korea’s rapidly evolving economy, particularly for addressing persistent disparities in job quality across different segments of the labour market.

The performance of elite athletes is at the forefront of attention in sports science, with a predominant focus on technical, physiological, mental, or contextual factors that can be leveraged to optimize athlete performance. Athletes’ off-sports activities, however, remain largely unexplored. What is it that elite athletes do in their off-sports time, and how are their off-sports activities related to sports experiences and outcomes? With this qualitative study, we aim to illuminate athletes’ off-sports activities and their implications for sports outcomes. We collected listings of off-sports activities from 46 professional soccer players and interviewed 15 elite speed skaters about their off-sports activities and their potential to enrich or interfere with their sports domain. The resulting category framework of off-sports activities comprises eight categories, reflecting social, cognitive, and physical off-sports activities. Next, the speed skaters described beneficial spillover experiences for active, high-effort mastery-oriented off-sports activities. However, such activities could also cause fatigue if not balanced with sufficient, more passive, restful activities. In all, athletes did experience spillover from non-sports to sports and their qualitative accounts reveal several antecedents, mechanisms, and outcomes of spillover, supporting the process view of the work–home resources (W-HR) model (Ten Brummelhuis & Bakker, 2012).

A metasurface (MTS) antenna with wideband radiation and low radar cross section (RCS) performance is proposed. The design is based on a two-step RCS reduction (RCSR) strategy applied to a reference antenna – a conventional 4 × 4 square patch array MTS antenna that exhibits stable broadside radiation within 5–6.5 GHz. In the first step, the patch array of the reference antenna is reconfigured into a quasi-chessboard MTS using the principle of reflection cancellation, enabling wideband RCSR under both x- and y-polarized incidences. In the second step, guided by the antenna scattering theory based on characteristic modes, six slots are etched on the ground plane to further enhance RCSR under x-polarized incidence. Characteristic mode analysis is employed throughout the design process to simultaneously analyze radiation and scattering behaviors. Compared with the reference antenna, the proposed MTS antenna maintains similar radiation performance while achieving monostatic RCSR bandwidths of 3.7–11.3 and 4.7–11.3 GHz for x- and y-polarized incident waves, respectively. It also demonstrates significantly broader RCSR bandwidths compared to a metallic plate of the same size.

In February 2025, US President Trump signed an executive order blocking the initiation of any new investigations or enforcement actions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), which had made it unlawful for US companies to bribe foreign public officials. We analyze market valuations of publicly traded multinationals on US financial markets before and after the announcement. On the day of the executive order, former FCPA targets whose stocks are publicly traded experienced returns on equity markets that were about 0.69 percentage points higher than what would have been expected from stock market trends. The effects cumulated substantively, resulting in capitalization gains for the portfolio of past targets of corporate corruption cases of about USD 39 billion and outsized returns to shareholders. These results allow us to contribute to long-standing debates about how much of the costs multinationals experience from corruption are due to legal enforcement versus the inefficiency and uncertainty it generates for firm operations. When legal enforcement is removed, valuations of firms at risk of corruption rise dramatically, indicating that investors perceive the legal costs as an important threat to investment in corrupt firms. Suspending FCPA enforcement is thus likely to induce market confidence in risky investments.

In this paper, a novel series–parallel stable platform is proposed, and its kinematic and dynamic models are established. The relationship between the length, speed, and acceleration of rolling and pitching electric push rods is analyzed. The workspace of the series–parallel stable platform is determined, and the singularity and interference are analyzed. The state-machine-based control system of the stable platform is designed. An experimental environment of the principle of the real-time control system based on dSPACE was built. A position–speed double closed-loop experiment, simulating mounting carrier of the random signal tracking, and system comprehensive performance experiment were conducted to verify the accuracy of the kinematics and dynamics model of the series–parallel stable platform and the rationality and stability of the control system.

Evidence regarding the association between dietary choline intake and mortality in individuals with diabetes remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary choline intake and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer-related mortality among adults with diabetes. A total of 4,712 participants with diabetes were included from the NHANES 2007-2018 cycles. Dietary choline intake was estimated using two 24-hour dietary recalls, and mortality outcomes were ascertained via linkage to National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were employed to assess the associations between choline intake and mortality. Restricted cubic spline models were used to examine potential non-linear relationships, and threshold analyses were conducted to identify inflection points. Over a median follow-up of 6.42 years, 805 deaths were documented, including 267 from CVD and 126 from cancer. A U-shaped association was observed between dietary choline intake and all-cause mortality (p for non-linearity < 0.0001). Compared with the lowest quartile, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were 0.64 (95% CI: 0.47-0.88) for the second quartile, 0.59 (0.43-0.82) for the third, and 0.69 (0.43-1.09) for the highest quartile. No significant associations were found between choline intake and either CVD or cancer mortality. These findings indicate a U-shaped relationship between dietary choline intake and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes, with intakes between 286.77 and 538.86 mg/day associated with the lowest risk—providing potential implications for dietary guidance in diabetes management.

Mao’s violent collectivization and forced labour campaigns during China’s Great Leap Forward (1958–1962) led to as many as 45 million deaths in what is widely regarded as the worst famine in human history. Drawing on a corpus of over 300 interviews with famine survivors, I apply a mixed-methods approach to examine the impact of mass state repression on how such survivors speak about a repressive regime that remains in power. Exploiting variation in county-level mortality rates, I find that interviewees exposed to more intense state violence do not publicly voice more explicitly negative attitudes towards the state, but they do possess more latent negative sentiments. Furthermore, I use the establishment and subsequent dissolution of communal canteens – a key repressive institution through which the state functioned as the sole food distributor during a time of extreme scarcity – as an analytical lever to show that although some survivors may be unwilling to express grievances directly against an enduring regime that perpetrated mass violence, they readily express negativity towards a long-dead institution.

Antiquarian records provide indications that shamanic rituals and practices, though fragmented, were still being actively performed in Wales during the nineteenth century. These antiquarian ethnographic records display striking parallels with global shamanic traditions, especially from the northern hemisphere, suggesting a similar if not shared spiritual framework, supported by archaeological evidence for its origins dating back at least to 12,000 bp. A study of Welsh folklore, magico-religious traditions, place-names, rock art and megalithic structures suggest they might include substantial shamanic influences, warranting more detailed interdisciplinary investigation.

For the most part, the ongoing Thomistic debate over the nature of lying presupposes that speech has one primary end: to reveal the speaker’s mind or soul. Within this framework, a lie is disordered speech. In this paper, I formulate a polyvalent Thomistic theory of speech acts that affirms that human vocalizations have multiple ends in the order of nature, including functions that do not involve signification, a claim supported by evidence from studies of primate vocalization and by evidence from studies of contemporary speech act theory in the philosophy of language. With this theory in hand, I propose that not every deliberately willed spoken falsehood constitutes a lie, including false claims made to enemy spies and Nazi officers, because not every spoken falsehood involves disordered speech.

This article deals with a complicated philological problem in section 133 of Epicurus’ Epistle to Menoeceus. There is a lacuna in the text; various supplements have been proposed, but the resulting syntax remains anomalous. This article argues that the interpretation of the syntax which underlies all the most influential supplements proposed to date, from Usener to Sedley and beyond, should be rejected. A new suggestion is put forward, based on a different syntactical interpretation and on a careful new analysis of the readings preserved in MS P.