In this article I argue that the climate crisis may emerge as a new arena for status competition among states, enabled through the grafting of decarbonization and green-energy policies onto the status order’s existing symbolic-materialist logic. Status is often thought of as a destabilizing force in world politics, as its pursuit so often pushes states toward violent and financially wasteful policies of social aggrandizement. But this belief elides two points: that the status order and its rules of membership and esteem are malleable and subject to change; and that the emergence of different and new status symbols can also push status-seeking toward more prosocial outcomes. Rather than see these changes as occurring through explicit normative transformation, however, I argue that the status order is most likely to change surreptitiously when entrepreneurs can graft new status symbols onto an order’s underlying tenets, thus concealing but also producing change. I apply this grafting theory to the climate crisis in arguing that (1) highly visible steps taken to effect the green-energy revolution can be legibly grafted onto the existing status order; (2) this grafting technique was already evident in the Biden administration’s increased framing of the climate as an arena of status competition against China; and (3) in an era of renewed great power rivalry, status competition may at least compel states to make the kinds of costly and needed investments in climate mitigation they eschewed earlier.

This article summarizes how problems in formalizing scientific inference led to the production of social accounts of science, offering Helen Longino’s feminist contextual empiricism as a way forward. Rather than focus on rules of inference that connect knowledge-claims, Longino constructs norms for knowledge-producing communities which, when followed, ensure equitable dialogue and transformative criticism. It is further argued communities engaged in Christian systematic theology would benefit from developing a similar set of norms, given that theological inference is similarly rooted in social cognition and faces many problems analogous to those with which Longino is concerned. Finally, the extent to which Longino’s norms may serve as a starting point for theological communities is explored.

In the United States, about 1 in 100 children are born with a CHD, with complex cases requiring intensive, lifelong care. Despite medical severity, little data exist on economic burden, driving low impact scores in federal research funding applications, a lack of specific funding appropriations, and minimal research investment. Here, the financial and economic impact was quantified by identifying direct, indirect, and mortality costs of six complex CHDs and compared to two common cardiovascular diseases: coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure. Despite lower prevalence, complex CHDs exert disproportionate, often invisible financial burdens on families and the healthcare system. Annually, per patient, direct and indirect costs of complex CHDs are four times higher than coronary heart disease and eight times higher than congestive heart failure. The average lifetime direct and indirect cost for complex CHDs is $2.1 million per patient—nearly 44 times that of congestive heart failure. 31% of lifetime costs for complex CHDs are incurred in the first five years of life with families paying an average of $190,000 out-of-pocket. Many caregivers are forced to reduce employment hours, change jobs, or completely withdraw from the labour force. The annual national cost of complex CHDs is $74 billion, and the total lifetime economic impact exceeds $3.35 trillion. Systemic under-recognition has led to chronic underinvestment in research and stagnant patient outcomes. The biomedical community can catalyse an interdisciplinary response from research institutions, policymakers, and clinical systems to alleviate the economic and human toll of complex CHDs.

The presence of a basal cingulum, fluting, and overall size have been used to differentiate nodosaurid and ankylosaurid teeth for decades. The taxonomic utility of tooth morphology in ankylosaurs, however, has not been quantitatively tested. In addition, new phylogenetic hypotheses recognize four ankylosaur families (Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae, Struthiosauridae, and Ankylosauridae), rather than the traditional nodosaurid–ankylosaurid dichotomy. Understanding ankylosaur tooth variation could better help identify taxa with ambiguous phylogenetic affinities or allow isolated teeth to test paleoecological questions such as a potential extirpation of mid-Cretaceous ankylosaurids from Laramidia. We analyzed a large sample of ankylosaur teeth using traditional and geometric morphometrics and investigated the utility of size and the presence of a cingulum and fluting for differentiating ankylosaur teeth. Morphometric analyses show that “nodosaurids” had the greatest variation in tooth shape and size. Panoplosauridae and Struthiosauridae account for a large amount of “nodosaurid” variation, whereas basal ankylosaurs, Polacanthidae, and Ankylosauridae share a similar restricted morphospace. Teeth with a crown base length or height over 10 mm are found only in panoplosaurids, struthiosaurids, and Peloroplites, but smaller sizes are found in all clades. A basal cingulum and fluting are associated with Ankylosauridae and Panoplosauridae. Linear discriminant analyses could accurately identify only between 50% and 75% of the teeth in our sample; thus, they should be used in conjunction with size and discrete traits when identifying isolated teeth. With these findings, caution should be used when attempting to use isolated ankylosaur teeth in broader paleoecological questions, and reclassification of museum collections should be undertaken.

A semi-analytical study of oblique wave interaction with two $\boldsymbol {\sqcap }$-shaped breakwater designs—floating and bottom-fixed structures—incorporating two thin porous plates is presented using linearized theory. Wave potential for both configurations is developed using the eigenfunction expansion method, considering both progressive and evanescent wave modes. The problem of oblique wave scattering by $\boldsymbol {\sqcap }$-shaped breakwaters is reduced to a set of coupled integral equations of first kind, based on horizontal velocity components. These equations are solved using the multi-term Galerkin approximation with appropriate basis functions to handle the square-root singularities at sharp edges of the porous barriers. The performance of the models is evaluated by examining reflection, transmission and energy dissipation coefficients, along with free surface elevation and horizontal drift force. We observe that increasing the plate length of the breakwaters attenuates the incident waves more effectively than increasing the width. Additionally, the floating $\boldsymbol {\sqcap }$-shaped breakwater significantly reduces the free surface elevation in the transmitted region. The results from the developed model can provide valuable insights for the design of wave–structure systems in shallow waters.

In the annual presidential address to the American Society of Church History (ASCH), Esther Chung-Kim discusses the pivotal role of pastors, physicians, and lay healers in responding to poverty and illness in early modern Europe. She offers that their involvement shaped both social welfare and medical care. Reflecting the values of biblical examples, both Catholics and Protestants established institutions to support the sick and poor. Promoting practices of care for the sick, religious leaders, pious physicians, and lay healers promoted charity through medicine, in various efforts to expand access to care. Protestant reformers sought to shift responses to illness away from saintly intercession and instead toward direct appeals to God and natural medicine, seen as a divine gift. In some cities, Reformed ordinances mandated medical support for the poor by institutionalizing care during epidemics. The convergence of religious and medical reform, aided by print culture, resulted in Christian thinkers recognizing medicine as a form of God’s providence in nature (thereby encouraging a positive view of medicine), and physicians promoting religious reform in their medical treatises. In the early modern era, Catholics and Protestants both strengthened the link between Christianity and medicine with theological and practical ways to show care and concern for the sick.

Capillary leak syndrome is a serious postoperative complication in neonates and infants after open-heart surgery for CHD. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sternal opening width and the occurrence of capillary leak syndrome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with delayed sternal closure.

We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of neonates and infants (aged < 12 months) who underwent open-heart surgery with delayed sternal closure at our institution between January 2016 and December 2021. Patients were categorised into groups based on postoperative diagnosis of capillary leak syndrome, defined as delayed sternal closure exceeding 3 days in combination with established clinical criteria. Stent length per kilogram (SL/kg) was calculated as the ratio of the sternal stent length to the patient”s body weight (mm/kg).

Of the 164 patients, 12 (7.3%) met capillary leak syndrome criteria. Capillary leak syndrome patients had higher median SL/kg (19.7%, p = 0.02), higher prenatal diagnosis rate (31.3%, p = 0.03), longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (24 min, p = 0.01), inotrope use (155 hours, p < 0.001), drainage time (99 hours, p < 0.001), duration of invasive ventilation (168 hours, p < 0.001), delayed sternal closure (3.8 days, p < 0.001), postoperative paediatric ICU length of stay (8.0 days, p < 0.001), and total hospital length of stay (8.5 days, p = 0.002). Nine deaths occurred, three of which were in the capillary leak syndrome group.

Univariate analysis identified higher SL/kg (OR:1.17, 95% CI:1.00–1.38) as a risk factor for postoperative mortality. Multivariate analysis identified SL/kg (OR:1.28, 95% CI:1.05–1.58) and prolonged paediatric ICU length of stay (OR:1.11, 95% CI:1.03–1.21) as significant risk factors for mortality.

In conclusion, capillary leak syndrome after open-heart surgery in neonates and infants with delayed sternal closure is associated with postoperative morbidity. Increased SL/kg and prolonged paediatric ICU length of stay are associated with mortality. Importantly, patients requiring wider sternal separation often present with greater haemodynamic instability and require more extensive postoperative support and prolonged intensive care. Thus, SL/kg may function as a surrogate marker of overall illness severity, rather than as an independent risk factor for capillary leak syndrome or mortality.

Longstanding public support for the Supreme Court of Canada is well-documented and contributes to its public legitimacy. However, the sources of this support and how vulnerable it may be to political factors or negative coverage of events are not well understood. In February of 2023, Justice Russell Brown took a leave of absence from the Supreme Court following a conduct complaint under review by the Canadian Judicial Council. Justice Brown retired from the bench in June of that year, before the CJC concluded its investigation. In the intervening period, media coverage of the events that prompted the attention from the CJC thrust the Court into the spotlight. Using data from an original two-wave survey experiment (n = 1,222) from May and November of 2023, we investigate whether perspectives toward the circumstances surrounding Brown’s retirement hurt perceptions of the Court’s legitimacy. We find that the event did not disrupt support for the Court over time but also point to the ways in which opinion toward the Court changed pre- and post-resignation. These findings suggest that support toward Canada’s high court is at present largely stable even in the case of negative coverage of a high-profile event. However, we also acknowledge the potential vulnerabilities that negative coverage of the Court may present.

This paper presents an archaeological material science study of pottery production and use at the Bronze Age Minoan town of Palaikastro, east Crete, from Middle Minoan IIA to Late Minoan IIIA2 (c. 1850 to 1300 BC), through petrographic analysis of thin sections and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The compositions of 288 archaeological samples are compared with geological references collected from the site and its adjacent hinterland. The results of this study indicate that throughout this period the majority of the archaeological pottery assemblage was probably produced using materials from a small number of geological outcrops local to the town; however, the manner in which these resources were utilised changed significantly over time, particularly between the Proto- and Neopalatial periods.

Recent years have seen a remarkable revival of research on Cassius Dio and his Roman History, including the publication of numerous volumes of collective essays, and this has been accompanied by a much higher estimation of his achievement than used to be customary. This article seeks to assess the progress made on a range of key issues relating to Dio and his history and to point ahead to further directions for research. The chief topics considered are Dio’s career as senator and historian, central aspects of his history (transmission, sources and models, structure, speeches), and Dio’s handling of politics and system change.