The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly transforming conventional legal practice. The integration of AI into legal services is still in its infancy and faces challenges such as privacy concerns, bias, and the risk of fabricated responses. This research evaluates the performance of the following AI tools: (1) ChatGPT-4, (2) Copilot, (3) DeepSeek, (4) Lexis+ AI, and (5) Llama 3. Based on their comparison, the research demonstrates that Lexis+ AI outperforms the other AI solutions. All these tools still encounter hallucinations, despite claims that utilizing the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) model has resolved this issue. The RAG system is not the driving force behind the results; it is one component of the AI architecture that influences but does not solely account for the problems associated with the AI tools. This research explores RAG architecture and its inherent complexities, offering viable solutions for improving the performance of AI-powered solutions.

The ‘overview effect’ was described by astronauts who saw the earth from space and found this gave them a very different perspective. This effect is a shift in worldview, and it has been suggested that politicians be sent to space to change their narrow perspectives. In a similar vein, it is crucial that psychiatrists have an overview of their patients so that their perspectives on patient care enable them to deal with the patient from different angles. In this editorial, the overview effect is described in the context of clinical care.

This article explores recent developments in English language education in Taiwan, situating them within broader sociopolitical shifts and demographic changes. It begins by outlining the emergence of English in Taiwan’s education system before presenting the formulation and objectives of the Bilingual 2030 policy. The article then analyzes how this national initiative has reshaped English language education across educational levels. In particular, it highlights the expansion of English–medium instruction (EMI) in higher education as a central feature of Taiwan’s bilingualization agenda. Finally, it discusses two key developments influenced by the policy: the internationalization of higher education as a response to demographic and policy pressures, and the resulting expansion of EMI courses as a central strategy for attracting global talent and sustaining university enrollment.

We study the singularities of varieties obtained as infinitesimal quotients by $1$-foliations in positive characteristic. (1) We show that quotients by (log) canonical $1$-foliations preserve the (log) singularities of the MMP. (2) We prove that quotients by multiplicative derivations preserve many properties, amongst which most F-singularities. (3) We formulate a notion of families of $1$-foliations, and investigate the corresponding families of quotients.

A path being planned for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or its armed conformation called the unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) has a critical importance on the flight safety and success of the task including reconnaissance, surveillance, monitoring or destroying. The Back-and-Forth (BaF) algorithm is one of the most recent greedy techniques that executes a heuristic approach for generating two backbone candidates and a combination procedure for bringing advantageous segments of them in order to solve the geometric description of the path planning problem. This study was devoted to a thread-based parallel implementation of the BaF algorithm, also named the multi-threaded BaF (tBaF for short). The threads of the tBaF algorithm increase their search bounds gradually according to the assigned thread indexes and execute the heuristic approach and combination procedure of the BaF for calculating paths. A set of detailed experiments was carried out with the aim of evaluating the performance of the tBaF, and its results were compared with the BaF and 14 other meta-heuristic-based path planners over three battlefield scenarios and their 12 test cases containing the preidentified enemy threats. Comparative studies showed that the different local and global search capabilities of the threads gained with the newly introduced thread-based organisation give a significant contribution to the path planning performance and allow the tBaF to be ranked among the top three planners even though it requires at least from four to eight times less function calls than the tested meta-heuristics.

Paternity leave may promote greater gender equality in domestic labour. Though numerous studies show that paternity leave promotes greater fathers’ involvement in childcare, less is known about whether paternity leave-taking may facilitate fathers’ involvement in other forms of domestic labour such as housework. Using repeated cross-sectional data on different-gender partnered US parents from the Study on Parents’ Divisions of Labor During COVID-19 (SPDLC), this study examines the extent to which paternity leave-taking and length of paternity leave are associated with US fathers’ shares of, and time spent on, housework. Findings suggest that paternity leave-taking is positively associated with fathers’ shares of, and time spent on, housework tasks. Longer paternity leaves are also associated with fathers performing greater shares of housework. Overall, this study indicates that the benefits of paternity leave likely extend to fathers’ greater participation in housework, providing additional support for the belief that increased use of paternity leave may help to promote gender equality in domestic labour.