The topic of this thesis lies in the intersection between proof theory and algebraic logic. The main object of discussion, constructive reasoning, was introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century by Brouwer, who followed Kant’s explanation of human intuition of spacial forms and time points: these are constructed step by step in a finite process by certain rules, mimicking constructions with straightedge and compass and the construction of natural numbers, respectively.

The aim of the present thesis is to show how classical reasoning, which admits some forms of indirect reasoning, can be made more constructive. The central tool that we are using are induction principles, methods that capture infinite collections of objects by considering their process of generation instead of the whole class. We start by studying the interplay between certain structures that satisfy induction and the calculi for some non-classical logics. We then use inductive methods to prove a few conservation theorems, which contribute to answering the question of which parts of classical logic and mathematics can be made constructive.

Abstract prepared by Giulio Fellin

E-mail: giulio.fellin@univr.it

URL: https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/publications/constructivisation-through-induction-and-conservation

Capitalism is in trouble, or so we have been told. I argue that Adam Smith has a lot to teach us about the future of capitalism. I first examine recent discussions about the current challenges and criticisms against capitalism such as the productivity slowdown, waning competition, the role of globalization, rising inequality, and climate change. I emphasize that there are some global trends, but there are also important national and regional differences reflecting differences in institutions and policy. Not only natural-scientific technology, but also social-scientific technology—that is, governance, policy, and institutions—matter. Then, I explain what Smith can teach us. First, Adam Smith conceives a truly inclusive capitalism: he takes income distribution into account when he argues for the desirability of economic development. Second, inclusive capitalism requires broad formation and sharing of knowledge among people. Third, the expansion of exchange and trade has beneficial effects, but we should be aware of its distributional consequences. Fourth, institutions matter. Fifth, proper law and institutions—the “system of natural liberty”—are essential to a well-functioning market economy. However, the “system of natural liberty” is not automatically achieved. Policy and institutions are history-dependent; therefore, history matters.

Since 2014, transcatheter paravalvular leak closure with the Occlutech Paravalvular Leak Device has been successfully accomplished in adults with high technical success. We describe the first successful use of the Occlutech Paravalvular Leak Device in the left atrio-ventricular valve in the United States in a 5-year-old child with a history of previously repaired atrio-ventricular septal defect.

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, characterised by accessory pathways, is rarely seen with dextrocardia. We present a case of situs inversus-dextrocardia with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome successfully treated via catheter ablation using 3D mapping (EnSite Precision®). Adjustments included reversed electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode placement, EnSite patch positioning, and fluoroscopic views. Coronary sinus access required counterclockwise manoeuvers. Mapping identified a left-sided accessory pathway, necessitating transseptal puncture with mirror-image adjustments. Ablation at the optimal site resulted in success. This case highlights the feasibility of catheter ablation in dextrocardia with tailored procedural modifications.

The aim of this research is to examine student motivation to participate in general music classes. The research involves students aged 10–14 from a general education primary school in Croatia (N = 186). The results indicate that these students were motivated to engage in general music classes; however, a nonlinear decline in motivation was evident as students progressed through the school years. Girls were more motivated to participate in general music classes compared to boys, and students involved in additional musical activities reported higher levels of motivation. Furthermore, listening to music influenced students’ perceptions of general music lessons and was associated with their motivation.

The Acholla Archaeological Project is an international collaboration at the site of Acholla (Tunisia) between the Institut National du Patrimoine (INP), Dickinson College and the University of Oklahoma, with additional support from the University of Leicester and the Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa (EAMENA) project. The first season of the project took place in June 2025, focusing on three main tasks: fieldwalking, topographic survey and architectural documentation. Over a period of two and a half weeks, an area of over 25 ha was covered by a fieldwalking team and nearly 40,000 finds were collected for study and analysis. Topographic and architectural surveys were also undertaken to begin the process of creating an updated plan of the site. The work accomplished this season has already yielded new information about Acholla and has provided a strong foundation for future fieldwork campaigns and further research at this important coastal site.

In her Time and History in Hegelian Thought and Spirit, Sally Sedgwick sets out to:

In the first part of the book Sedgwick is concerned with freedom being temporally conditioned. The second part consists of the last two chapters and is concerned with the claim that ‘all our thought is indebted to this actual realm as well’ (TH: 8). Hegel repeatedly asserts, Sedgwick notes, ‘that none of us can escape our time in thought’ (TH: 143).

I am grateful to the Reviews Editor for the Hegel Bulletin, Susanne Herrmann-Sinai, for arranging this discussion of my book, Time and History in Hegelian Thought and Spirit (2023). I appreciate this opportunity to clarify and expand on some of the main ideas of the book, including those that are the most challenging to defend. I also owe thanks, of course, to each of my four critics for giving their valuable time to this project. In the context of so few pages, it is not possible to respond to every criticism; I have had to pick and choose. In the process, I may have failed to do full justice to my critics’ concerns.

This essay investigates the meaning of “nominal prices” in Adam Smith’s the Wealth of Nations, its contraposition to “real prices,” and the impact of Smith’s nominal prices upon his assessment of the prices of wheat over the centuries. I also consider measure and value in the Wealth of Nations as well as Smith’s threefold standard of measure: labor, wheat, money. Smith chose an unusual measure to investigate prices over time, with nominal prices being referred to a specific quantity of silver. This raises questions about the possible impact of centuries-old debates over debasement and the value of money on Smith’s measurement of value across times.