We investigated radiocarbon dates of human bone samples from several medieval sites in Trondheim, central Norway. Stable isotope data was used to estimate marine correction for the radiocarbon dates, which is necessary to correct the radiocarbon ages and establish age models for the archaeological layers. We observed that a marine correction without ΔR does not lead to a well-defined model for all sites. Allowing a variable ΔR improves the model, which indicates that food sources and trade routes have changed over time, influencing the mobility of food resources as well as of people. However, this does not work for all sites, indicating that variation of reservoir ages could also be the result of individual preferences for the food and that fish with different ΔR, and thus different geographical origin, was consumed during the same periods. Many radiocarbon and stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) measurements have been carried out for the project. We calculated %marine consumption from the isotope values and found that it varies greatly, between 7% and 51%, and apparently independent of period, social status, churchyard location or other factors. Based on these data, we determined average reservoir ages for the marine food consumed in Trondheim during different phases, varying between ΔR = –150 and 280 years.

This thesis presents my contributions to various aspects of the theory of universally Baire sets. One of these aspects is the smallest inner model containing all reals whose all sets of reals are universally Baire (viz., $L(\mathbb {R})$) and its relation to its inner model $\mathsf {HOD}$. We verify here that $\mathsf {HOD}^{L(\mathbb {R})}$ enjoys a form of local definability inside $L(\mathbb {R})$, further justifying its characterization as a “core model” in $L(\mathbb {R})$. We then study a “bottom-up” construction of more complicated universally Baire sets (more generally, determined sets). This construction allows us to give an “L-like” description of the minimum model of $\mathsf {AD}_{\mathbb {R}} + \mathsf {Cof}(\Theta ) = \Theta $. A consequence of this description is that this minimum model is contained in the Chang-plus model. Our construction, together with Woodin’s work on the Chang-plus model, shows that a proper class of Woodin cardinals which are limits of Woodin cardinals implies the existence of a hod mouse with a measurable limit of Woodin cardinals whose strategy is universally Baire.

Another aspect of the theory of universally Baire sets is the generic absoluteness and maximality associated with them. We include some results concerning generic $\Sigma _1^{H(\omega _2)}$-absoluteness with universally Baire sets as predicates or parameters, as well as generic $\Pi _2^{H(\omega _2)}$-maximality with universally Baire sets as predicates. In the second case, we are led to consider the general question of when a model of an infinitary propositional formula can be added by a stationary-set-preserving poset. We characterize when this happens in terms of a game which is a variant of the Model Existence Game. We then give a sufficient condition for this in terms of generic embeddings.

Abstract taken directly from the thesis

E-mail: obrad@math.ucla.edu

URL: https://hal.science/view/index/docid/5273407

Adam Smith seeks to explain in the Wealth of Nations and Lectures on Jurisprudence the persistence of slavery as an institution. In order to accomplish this, he also draws on arguments he had developed in The Theory of Moral Sentiments. The result is a sophisticated explanation that bridges economic, psychological, and moral considerations. After presenting Smith’s explanation, I will consider a discussion of the moral wrong of slavery in the work of Ottobah Cugoano, author of the incisive criticism of the slave trade Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery. I will suggest that Cugoano’s account of what is morally wrong in slavery shows an important lacuna in Smith’s views.

This special issue, “On Their Own Terms: Experts in Imperial China,” examines various kinds of expertise from Han times into the twentieth century from the angle of practitioners themselves, and sometimes even on their own terms.

When two black male directors produce university productions of Jackie Sibblies Drury’s Fairview in different parts of the country at the same time, they bond over their shared understanding of the white gaze, and how black people are created and viewed in the white imagination, both in the play and in their own lives.

A range of sizes of eight sea urchin species in the Family Echinometridae (Echinostrephus aciculatus, Heliocidaris erythrogramma, Colobocentrotus atratus, Heterocentrotus mamillatus, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Echinometra mathaei, Echinometra lucunter, and Echinometra vanbrunti) were digitized and their shapes decomposed using elliptical Fourier analysis to quantify shape differences. Coefficients of sines and cosines of harmonics were used in a principal components analysis to show the separation of species. The principal component analysis shows the Echinometridae shape morphospace with the greatest separation of Echinostrephus and Colobocentrotus from other species. Major loadings were related to morphological measurements: height/diameter, lift of the oral surface above the substrate, and position of the ambitus to height. All species showed an increase in height/diameter with size, but only some species showed a correlation of oral lift or position of the ambitus with Fourier coefficients.

Given $p\in[1,\infty)$ and a bounded open set $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ with Lipschitz boundary, we study the $\Gamma$-convergence of the weighted fractional seminorm

\begin{equation*}[u]_{s,p,f}^p=\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} \frac{|\tilde u(x)- \tilde u(y)|^p}{\|x-y\|^{d+sp}}\,f(x)\,f(y)\,\mathrm{d} x\,\mathrm{d} y,\end{equation*}

as $s\to1^-$ for $u\in L^p(\Omega)$, where $\tilde u=u$ on $\Omega$ and $\tilde u=0$ on $\mathbb{R}^d\setminus\Omega$. Assuming that $(f_s)_{s\in(0,1)}\subset L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d;[0,\infty))$ and $f\in\mathrm{Lip}_b(\mathbb{R}^d;(0,\infty))$ are such that $f_s\to f$ in $L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)$ as $s\to1^-$, we show that $(1-s)[u]_{s,p,f_s}^p$ $\Gamma$-converges to the Dirichlet $p$-energy weighted by $f^2$. In the case $p=2$, we also prove the convergence of the corresponding gradient flows.

Recent corporate scandals and excessively egotistical behavior on the part of organizational leaders underscore the need for industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology and human resource (HR) scholars and practitioners to critically examine how organizational systems and practices can stimulate leader narcissism. Whereas most organizational scholarship considers leader narcissism to be a stable input that influences important organizational outcomes, we challenge organizational scholars and practitioners to further inspect how organizational practices may either stimulate or suppress leader narcissism. We focus on HR practices as one specific set of organizational practices within the area of expertise of I-O psychologists and HR professionals. Drawing on self-categorization theory, we argue that highly personalizing HR practices (e.g., hypercompetitive leader selection, high-potential programs, elevated leader pay) can encourage leaders to define themselves in terms of a “special” personal identity in ways that set them apart from the broader collective within organizations and in turn facilitate leader narcissism. In contrast, we argue that depersonalizing HR practices (e.g., rotational leader selection, inclusive developmental programs, interdependent rewards) can encourage leaders to act in group-oriented ways that benefit the interests of others in an organization—and beyond. We call on organizational scholars and practitioners to consider more carefully how HR practices—often designed with the goal of cultivating leadership potential—may unintentionally reinforce leader narcissism. With this analysis, we hope to stimulate research in this area and offer insights to shape HR policies and practices in ways that discourage destructive forms of leader narcissism.

Understanding the regional diversity of epiphytic bryophytes along elevation gradients is crucial for assessing forest ecosystems, particularly in areas vulnerable to climate change. The study aimed to compare the composition and richness of epiphytic bryophytes colonising on basal trunks of Cryptomeria japonica, a predominant conifer in the Darjeeling hills, across different altitude zones, and to assess the underlying macroclimatic factors driving such variations. The field surveys were performed at nine elevation zones of Darjeeling between 1450 and 2250 m above sea level. Bryophytes belonging to 37 genera, primarily from Dicranales and Hypnales, were recorded. Diversity profiles reflected low evenness, with Syrrhopodon confertus emerging as the dominant moss in the community. Species richness displayed a multimodal pattern along the altitudinal gradient. The trend exhibited an initial hump peaking at 1550 m and a subsequent rise of richness above 2150 m. About 43.24% of species were confined to a single altitude zone, signifying a narrow range of occurrence. The epiphyte compositions of 1450, 1550 and 2250 m were distinct compared to the other elevation zones. Furthermore, statistical evaluation predicted the influence of climatic parameters such as precipitation, temperature stability and solar radiation on bryophyte assemblage. Therefore, the outcome provides a broad overview of the distribution of bryophytes at managed conifer forests and underscores the significance of elevation-specific climatic conditions in shaping bryophyte diversity, which can be useful for designing their effective conservation strategies.

Adam Smith is often read as having sought to develop a systematic and universally applicable science of political economy, but in fact he did not believe that it was even possible to do so. This is true for a variety of reasons. First, Smith was generally skeptical of system-building, holding that intellectual systems tend to be reductive and distorting. Although Smith aspired to develop a theory of natural jurisprudence that would lay out a set of universally applicable laws, such laws were in fact incompatible with his own conception of justice. Smith’s general approach to politics and political economy also tended to be far more pragmatic, in several senses of that term, than universal or scientific. Finally, Smith’s aversion to the “spirit of system” in politics led him to be wary of implementing even his own preferred policies immediately or in their entirety.