The argument of this chapter is that it was a combination of emulation and assimilation that shaped the logic of Valencian peasants as consumers of food-related objects. In making this case, this chapter provides evidence on emulative attitudes through contemporary moral criticisms and sumptuary laws. It also explores the meanings of food-related objects and how peasants used such notions in their dwellings. The chapter concludes that peasant consumer behaviour was not solely and passively guided by a will to imitate others but by an interest in absorbing what was relevant from others into their lifestyles, and for their own aims. This deliberate, conscious assimilation led peasants to incorporate new objects into their own familial and social needs.

This chapter begins with reference to the veneration and obscurity that characterises Webb’s reputation. It relates the early Webb’s mentoring by Norman Lindsay and his subsequent rejection of Lindsay’s secular aesthetics and anti-Semitism. Webb’s expatriate years in Canada and then England are discussed as a search for creative independence, although England was the place of his first hospitalisation for mental illness. The chapter observes that some of Webb’s most resonant poems are responses to the East Anglia landscape. It traces Webb’s return to Australia, his continued hospitalisation, and his Catholic devotion. The chapter explores the concept of schizophrenia as a pathology of language to understand Webb’s poetic language, particularly its metaphorical aspects. Lastly, the chapter focuses on Webb’s ‘explorer’ poems, their metaphorics of journeying, and their relationship to Australia’s cultural history, or national mythology, in the late 1950s and 1960s.

Buildings frequently change over their lifespans as they are adapted to new needs and affected by damage and decay, yet our approaches to architectural history often fail to account for the material and cultural effects of interventions on existing structures or to pursue the critical questions they raise about temporality and urban environments. The book’s Introduction orients readers to diachronic approaches to architectural history, that is, beyond the moment of initial construction, oriented to the perspective of historical actors. In recognizing moments of architectural revision and rebuilding as inflection points, it stresses the importance of accounting for architectural fabrics composed of variously dated elements and of examining the ways that architectural change shapes audience perception of the site’s history and their own era’s relationship to it. Close examination of two exceptionally long-lasting structures, the Pantheon in Rome and the Hagia Sophia/Ayasofia in Constantinople/Istanbul present a compelling contrast to most modern forms of architectural restoration and illustrate central themes of the book. The chapter situates study of historical architecture within current approaches to cultural time and to material culture and places architectural change in dialogue with text-based approaches to Roman temporality.

This chapter investigates instances of personal divination in the ancient Greek world. This includes the use of oracles, omens, forms of technical divination and the occurrence of prophetic dreams in personal matters that do not articulate the concerns of the polis. The chapter explores what personal issues warranted a consultation of the gods, as well as the scope and limits for individuals to use the divinatory system to their advantage. The chapter shows that consultation with the gods about questions of personal concern (about health, travel and questions of everyday life) was not merely available to the upper classes and those in power, but conducted by everyday people, including women, metics and slaves. Throughout, the chapter carefully distinguishes between what we know about actual personal oracle consultations on the one hand, and their representation in works of literature on the other. At the same time, the chapter presents several themes that run through different kinds of evidence and explores what they reveal about the use and abuse of divine knowledge (and the actions it is made to sanction) in the ancient Greek world.

Chapter 6 focuses on Arnauld’s account of human freedom in its historical context. Arnauld’s early Jansenist view is compatibilist, but his view evolves and there is much debate about whether his later view remains compatibilist. I begin the chapter by considering several concepts relevant to Arnauld’s account and three possible positions: compatibilism, incompatibilitist-libertarianism, and compatibilist-libertarianism. I then discuss some important context, including the views of freedom and grace of Molina, Bañez, and Jansen. I proceed to look at some of Arnauld’s letters where he discusses his later view of human freedom and highlight three key themes in these letters as well as discussing some ambiguities in his use of various concepts and examples. I continue to consider several of his later texts, most notably De Libertate, and argue his later view is a version of incompatibilist-libertarianism. I close the chapter by arguing that the key cases and passages that have been the focus of much scholarship on Arnauld’s view are not intended to illuminate human freedom, but are instead meant to defend efficacious grace, and that Arnauld’s ambiguity in their presentation is intentional.

Many cognitive experiments have shown that iconic dimensional conformations are prominent in implicit thought and perception of authority ranking relations. Cognitive experiments are designed to isolate the parameters of interest, or hold other parameters constant, so as to be able to make strong causal inferences. Schubert’s 2005 study showed pairs of role terms to German participants and told them to respond as quickly as possible to indicate with the UP or DOWN key to indicate whether the more powerful role terms was above or below the other role term. Participants responded significantly more slowly when the powerful role was displayed on the screen below the less powerful, compared to when the powerful role was displayed above the less powerful (Schubert 2005). Other researchers have replicated Schubert’s results, and extended them to surface area and to mass. Also, preverbal infants readily recognize that iconic dimensional conformations mean authority ranking relationships.

This chapter describes raised platforms, burial mounds, and topographic conformation of authority ranking in which elites’ dwellings are at higher elevations. Emperors palaces were often surrounded by vast private plazas, massive walls with high and strong gateways, and often stairs that have to be climbed to reach the palace. These are examples of iconic conformations of authority ranking using elevation, mass, and surface area. In cartography, the status of nations is conformed by their relative sizes and their position on the vertical axis of a map. For thousands of years, rulers have built massive, imposing monuments, including earthen mounds, pyramids, and huge, tall stone monoliths. The chapter concludes by explaining why these conformations of authority ranking cannot be fully explained by theories of costly signals, not by theories of conspicuous consumption of energy.

Chapter 4 presents textual features, text types and genres in the detail necessary for elucidating translation practice. Starting with texture as the essential distinction between a sequence of sentences and a text, it examines textual features, that is, those elements that serve to distinguish between texts and non-texts and that give texts their identity. Among the textual features discussed are cohesion and coherence, markers of cohesion and coherence, information structure and information flow (from old to new), and topic and thematic development (along with topic maintenance and the tracing of participants in discourse). Textual functions (text types) and genres are also discussed. The implications for translation of textual features, textual functions and genres are presented throughout the chapter with numerous examples. Armed with these basic concepts, readers are offered tips on textual and parallel text analysis and on how assistive texts (background texts, parallel texts) and online corpus tools can be used for translation tasks.

Lewy body disease (LBD) can present as a dementia-predominant syndrome with parkinsonism (dementia with Lewy bodies or DLB), a motor-predominant syndrome with subsequent dementia ( Parkinson’s disease with dementia or PDD), or an autonomic-predominant syndrome (multiple system atrophy or MSA); this chapter focuses on treatment/management of the many complex manifestations of DLB. Education and support are important in managing DLB. Currently, there is no therapy that significantly alters the underlying pathophysiology of DLB. This chapter covers the management of cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric features, motor dysfunction, sleep disorders, and autonomic dysfunction. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) can improve cognition. Memantine may provide modest benefit. Medications such as clozapine or quetiapine can help manage visual hallucinations and delusions. Carbidopa/levodopa and dopamine agonists can improve motor symptoms, but caution is needed. Clonazepam, melatonin, and psychostimulants can address sleep issues. Orthostatic hypotension can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications.