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American and British English in the twenty-first century are still divided by a common language. Now in its second edition, this highly readable guide provides an authoritative reference to English usage, covering the differences, and some emerging similarities, between British, American and international English. It has been thoroughly updated and expanded to document hundreds of variable points of usage for the benefit of British and American readers, and for those seeking international forms of English for written communication, as first- or second-language users. It discusses the current status of each usage item with quantitative evidence from the NOW (News on the Web) corpus and contemporary research. Lively examples of usage are provided to capture aspects of twenty-first century culture world-wide. It also discusses issues in the use of personal names and ethnic naming practices, as well as sexist and homophobic words, and person-centred words for those living with a disability.
International Law is the definitive and authoritative text on the subject. It has long been established as a leading authority in the field, offering an unbeatable combination of clarity of expression and academic rigour, ensuring understanding and analysis in an engaging and authoritative style. Explaining the leading rules, practice and caselaw, this treatise retains and develops the detailed referencing which encourages and assists the reader in further study. The 10th edition has been updated to reflect the most recent developments in the field, offering expanded coverage of the law of outer space, the law of the sea, the International Court of Justice, and international humanitarian law. Additional material has also been added to sections on cyber operations and non-state actors. International Law is invaluable for students and for those occupied in private practice, governmental service and international organisations.
An impressively comprehensive textbook adopting a phenomenological approach to quantum physics. The chapters cover everything from basic definitions of key concepts to detailed discussions of the underlying theoretical framework, walking students step-by-step through the necessary mathematics and drawing clear connections between the theory and the most important modern research applications including quantum optics, fluids, nanophysics, entanglement, information, and relativity. With this book, students and researchers will have access to hundreds of real-world examples, exercises, and illustrations to support and expand their understanding. Instructors can tailor the content to suit the length and level of their course and will have access to an online solutions manual with fully worked solutions to all 300+ exercises in the book. Other online resources include Python simulations, additional exercises, and detailed appendices.
This book offers a timely and insightful exploration of security exceptions in international trade and investment law, focusing on the growing tension between national security measures and global economic stability. Through in-depth analysis and case studies of major global players, it uncovers how current practices are shaping international trade governance. The book examines the challenges posed by overly broad or narrow security exceptions, proposes practical reforms to improve legal clarity, and suggests ways to enhance cooperation between international organizations like the WTO and the UN. Aimed at policymakers, legal professionals, and scholars, this book provides valuable recommendations to help navigate the evolving landscape of global trade, offering concrete solutions to balance national security concerns with the need for economic cooperation.
Autonomy is one of the central aspirations of our time, yet there is a growing worry that autonomy, as we have understood and practised it, has not liberated us but subjected us to new forms of domination. In his ground-breaking reinterpretation of Kant and Hegel, Thomas Khurana reveals the source of these problems in the very concept of autonomy and develops a new understanding of human self-determination. While the dominant conception of autonomy gives rise to the paradox of self-legislation and remains caught up in a dualistic opposition of freedom and nature, we can overcome these problems by understanding freedom as a form of life. Elaborating both Kant's and Hegel's compelling concepts of life, Khurana shows that we are not autonomous despite or against our living nature, but by inhabiting it in the right way. To understand freedom, we need a critical theory of our second nature.
Amidst calls for a return to the high tax rates of the 1950s and 60s, this book examines the tax dodging that accompanied it. Lacking political will to lower the rate, Congress riddled the laws with loopholes, exemptions, and preferences, while largely accepting income tax chiseling's rise in American culture. The rich and famous openly invested in tax shelters and de-camped to exotic tax havens, executives revamped the compensation and retirement schemes of their corporations to suit their tax needs, and an industry of tax advisers developed to help the general public engage in their own form of tax dodging through exaggerated expense accounts, luxurious business travel on the taxpayer's dime, and self-help books on 'how the insider's get rich on tax-wise' investments. Tax dodging was a part of almost every restaurant bill, feature film, and savings account. It was literally woven into the fabric of society.
With the field of personal relationships continuing to see significant growth over the past quarter century, The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships stands as a crucial benchmark of the current state of scholarship. This third edition presents new chapters addressing significant changes in techniques for studying relationships and examining recent emphases on technology and diverse relationships while also featuring a fresh analysis of current research foci and applications. By synthesizing theoretical and empirical literature, the work not only traces the discipline's historical roots but recommends future directions, marking an important step forward in improving research and theory on personal relationships across a broad scope. Featuring contributions from internationally known experts who have significantly enhanced relationship research in multiple fields including psychology, communication, family studies, and sociology, it is an essential resource for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners alike.
This book explores groundbreaking scientific perspectives on mind and brain, challenging traditional models that view cognition solely through the lens of computation. Featuring contributions from leading thinkers across behavioral sciences, cognitive sciences, philosophy of mind, psychology, and neurosciences, it highlights innovative approaches that emphasize the dynamic interplay of perception, action, and adaptation in an ever-changing world. Readers will discover cutting-edge research on how brains, bodies, and environments are interconnected, and how this interconnectedness drives organismal adaptability, creativity, and resilience. From the role of embodied cognition to the importance of social and environmental contexts, this book offers a comprehensive survey of emerging theories that redefine how we understand mind and behavior. Accessible yet thought-provoking, this volume is essential for those curious about how modern science is reshaping our understanding of cognition, from researchers and students to readers seeking fresh insights into how we navigate our complex, dynamic world.
Revolutions are cosmogonic. More than any other modern political form, their deliberate goal is to precipitate change as a total, all-embracing project: not just a radically new political order, but one that reaches deep into the fabric of social relationships, seeking to transform people at their very core, recasting the horizons that give their lives shape and meaning. Combining ethnographic and historiographic research, Shapes in Revolution tells the story of this radical process of life-formation, with all of its rugged contradictions and ambiguities, as it has unfolded in Cuba. As well as a novel anthropological perspective on revolutions, the upshot is a fresh approach to the study of political forms and their power to format people and their relationships into particular shapes. Articulating politics through the shapes it gives to people and their lives, the work proposes relational morphology as a new departure for political anthropology.
How healthy you are is dependent on where you live. Americans suffer more cancers, heart diseases, mental illness and other chronic diseases than those who live in other wealthy nations. Despite having the most expensive healthcare system in the world. Why? Embark on a journey to unravel the profound impact of public policies on American health from birth in 'Born Sick in the USA.' Delve into the intricate web where economic inequality weaves a tapestry of chronic ailments and fatal diseases in a stressed society. This compelling read illuminates the need for transformative change in social safety nets and public policies to uplift national health and well-being. Through vivid storytelling, the book unveils the symptoms, diagnosis, and 'medicine' required to steer the nation towards a healthier future. Join the movement for a healthier America by embracing the insightful revelations and empowering call-to-action presented within the pages of this eye-opening book.
This volume focuses on the vernacular forms of English found at various locations both in Britain and Ireland as well as a few in continental Europe. The goal of these chapters is to provide histories of those dialects not necessarily leading to standard English, largely within the framework of language variation and change, which is the immediate concern of the opening chapters. There follow treatments of dialects in English including that of early London and the various regions of England. The English language in Scotland is given special treatment with chapters on Scots and Standard Scottish English. Wales and Ireland form the focus of subsequent chapters which in particular examine language contact and its effect on English in these regions. The volume closes with presentations of the development of English in the Channel Islands, Gibraltar, Malta and Cyprus.
This volume offers in-depth coverage of varieties of English across the world, outside of the British and North American arenas. Introductory chapters deal with the colonial transportation of English overseas and the generic types of English which resulted: first-language, second-language and foreign-language varieties, often subsumed under the label 'World Englishes'. English-lexifier pidgins and creoles are also examined. The remaining chapters treat forms of English in large geographical regions of the world. Anglophone Africa divides into three blocks, west, east and south, each with different linguistic ecologies determined by history and demography. Asia, especially South Asia and South-East Asia, is similar in the kinds of English it now shows. In recent decades, the significance of East Asia for varieties of English has increased given the economic development of China and the status of other Asian nations, such as South Korea and Japan.
Statism with Chinese Characteristics offers a fresh perspective on the Chinese economy and its impact on the world. By diving into details and data such as the private nature of rural enterprises, early financial reforms, and the critical role of initial political openness, Yasheng Huang challenges the popular view that credits China's success to a unique blend of government interventions and autocratic governance. Huang shows how China's growth was driven by private entrepreneurship and gradual liberalization, not by infrastructural development, statist finance, and meritocratic autocracy. He confronts assumptions regarding the conventional wisdom about the Chinese economy, explicitly engaging with the policy pivot from the 1980s to the 1990s and infrastructure as a crucial factor behind China's growth. Underscoring the significant role of politics in shaping economic outcomes, this second edition explores the challenges facing the Chinese economy today, emphasizing how political changes dictate economic reforms, rather than the opposite.
Why does William James matter for literary studies? And what can the practice of literary criticism bring to our reading of James? While James is widely credited as a founding figure for the fields of psychology, philosophy, religious studies, and progressive education, his equal significance for the field of literary criticism has been comparatively neglected. By modelling a variety of literary critical approaches to reading James and investigating James's equally various approaches to literature, this book demonstrates how his work historically informs and prospectively transforms the way we think about the bedrock premises of literary study – namely, style, influence, and method. The volume's diverse contributions unfold and elaborate these three facets of James's literary critical paradigm as they manifest in the rousing character of his sentences, in the impactful disseminations of his formative relationships, and in his uniquely programmatic responsiveness to the urgent issues of his time.
Girls are facing growing pressures that impact their self-esteem, whilst the pandemic and dominance of social media have made it even more challenging for girls to feel good about their bodies. Dr. Charlotte Markey provides girls aged 9–15 with the tools they need to understand, accept, and appreciate their bodies. She provides all the facts on puberty, mental health, self-care, why diets are bad news, dealing with social media, and everything in-between. Girls will find answers to questions they always wanted to ask, the truth behind many body image myths, advice and inspiration from experts, and real-life stories from girls who share their own experiences. Through this updated and beautifully illustrated guide, Dr. Markey teaches girls how to nurture both mental and physical health to improve their own body image, shows the positive impact they can have on others, and empowers them to go out into the world feeling fearless!
This volume examines the development of forms of English in North America, from the earliest founder populations through to present-day varieties in the USA, Canada and the Caribbean. The linguistic analyses of today's forms emphasise language variation and change with a view to determining the trajectories for current linguistic change. The section on English in the United States has dedicated chapters on the history of African American English and the English of Latinos in the USA. Part II is concerned with English in Canada, with chapters on the anglophone settlement of Canada and on individual regions of that country, including English in Quebec. The third section consists of chapters devoted to the history of English in the anglophone Caribbean, looking at various creoles in that region, both in the islands and the rim, with a special chapter on Jamaica and on the connections between the Caribbean and the USA.
What was the role of local history-writing in the early Islamic World, and why was it such a popular way of thinking about the past? In this innovative study, Harry Munt explores this understudied phenomenon. Examining primary sources in both Arabic and Persian, Munt argues that local history-writing must be situated within its appropriate historical contexts to explain why it was such a popular way of thinking about the past, more popular than most other contemporary forms of history-writing. The period until the end of the eleventh century CE saw many significant developments in ideas about community, about elite groups and about social authority. This study demonstrates how local history-writing played a key role in these developments, forming part of the way that Muslim scholars negotiated the dialogues between more universalist and more particularist approaches to the understanding of communities. Munt further demonstrates that local historians were participating in debates that ranged into disciplines far beyond history-writing.
Biological sex is central to our continued existence. Yet the mechanism that determines sex, rather than being rational and conserved, is a battlefield of warring genes, sexual antagonism, unbalanced expression and self-destructing sex chromosomes that come in bewildering varieties.Drawing on 50 years of research in three fields in which the author has played key roles, this unique book explores the function, activity and evolution of sex genes and chromosomes in humans and other animals. Providing eye-witness stories of early discoveries and modern genomic insights, it examines how genes and chromosomes determine sex; delving into key breakthroughs, theories on gene and chromosome function, and the enormous scope for variation in body traits and behaviour.Reflecting the huge advances in genetics and genomics that help explain the wonders of human existence and evolution, this book is a fascinating resource for anyone interested in the biology of sex– particularly students and researchers in reproduction, genetics and evolution.