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Many lawsuits arise over disagreements about language and about the meanings of everyday words, phrases, and sentences. This book draws on over fifty cases involving disputed meanings in the American legal system where the author served as an expert witness or consultant, to explore the interaction between language and law. Stepping back from the legal specifics and their outcomes, it analyzes the disputes from the perspective of the language sciences, especially semantics and pragmatics, and language comprehension. It seeks to understand why, and in what areas of English grammar, lexis, and usage, they have arisen among speakers who do not normally miscommunicate and disagree like this. The cases involve contracts, patents, advertising, trademarks, libel, and defamation, and descriptive insights and methods from the language sciences are applied to each case to make explicit the meanings that speakers would normally assign to English.
Understanding change over time is a critical component of social science. However, data measured over time – time series – requires their own set of statistical and inferential tools. In this book, Suzanna Linn, Matthew Lebo, and Clayton Webb explain the most commonly used time series models and demonstrate their applications using examples. The guide outlines the steps taken to identify a series, make determinations about exogeneity/endogeneity, and make appropriate modelling decisions and inferences. Detailing challenges and explanations of key techniques not covered in most time series textbooks, the authors show how navigating between data and models, deliberately and transparently, allows researchers to clearly explain their statistical analyses to a broad audience.
The Byzantine Abbot Symeon the New Theologian (949–1022) transgressed the homophobic norms of medieval Orthodox society. His longing for God was distinctly homoerotic, and he depicted union with the divine as a queer sort of marriage. His Orthodox theology of theosis, the deification of the entire person, meant that Symeon taught the salvation of all the parts of the body. But monks also desired the eradication of lust and the punishment of those who fell prey to it. Sermons and biblical commentary defined men who had sex with men as sodomites; and saints' lives warned of the consequences of same-sex desires. Those who renounced sex redirected their desire rather than eliminating it. Symeon's queer erotics shed light on other devotions distinctive to medieval Orthodoxy, including the veneration of saints and worship with icons. Monastic Desires makes a groundbreaking contribution to the history of sexuality and the history of Christianity.
In the history of Western music, no single figure has been as closely tied to the Enlightenment as Beethoven: he is regarded as the composer who embodies ideals such as freedom and humanism that many celebrate as the Enlightenment's legacy. This view, however, rests on a very narrow conception of the Enlightenment that aggressively stresses secularism and political liberalism. More recent historical research has shown that the Enlightenment's outlook on political and religious issues was more diverse and nuanced than traditional accounts have depicted it. The essays in this volume consider how new ways of thinking about the Enlightenment can alter the way we understand Beethoven and his music. By rethinking Beethoven and the Enlightenment, this book questions the Beethoven we know in both the popular and scholarly imagination and redefines the role the composer plays in the history of Western music.
Coastal meteorology encompasses a considerable range of small- and large-scale weather events which have shared underlying theoretical and practical principles. This book covers the foundational principles of coastal weather events and illustrates them through application to real-world examples. A wide range of topics have been covered, from sea/land breeze circulations to low-level coastal jets and the interaction fronts of cyclones with coastal features. The book represents an essential resource for upper division undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers interested in coastal meteorology, oceanography, climatology, and atmospheric science. Readers will gain a solid conceptual understanding of meteorological phenomena that can be applied to coastal weather across the world and used to better predict coastal weather variations. This capacity to predict variations is necessary for mitigating climate change risk in coastal areas, which is an issue of current and pressing importance.
When did whiteness begin? Was its rise inevitable? In this powerful history, John Broich traces the emergence, evolution and contradictions of white supremacy, from its roots in the British empire, to the racial politics of the present. Focussing on the English-speaking world, he examines how ideas of whiteness connect to the history of slavery, Enlightenment thought, European colonialism, Social Darwinism and eugenics, fascism and capitalism. Far from being the natural order of things, Broich demonstrates that white supremacy is a brittle concept. For centuries, it has been constantly shifting, rebranding, and justifying itself in the face of resistance. The oft-repeated excuse that its architects were simply “men of their time” collapses under scrutiny. With brutal honesty, Broich exposes the lies embedded in the grim biography of an invented race. White Supremacy calls for a deeper understanding of the past, that we might undo its grip on the present.
How can human flourishing arise from what the poet Mary Oliver called 'good work/ongoing'? In its attentiveness to the material, form and purpose of distinct, well-made things, craft epitomizes good work. In its disciplined, quiet giving over to the repetitions of tradition, craft is ongoing. Perhaps more than any other practice, craft work reveals the intimacy between a manifest sense of self and the imperative of its common expression. In a world broken into shuttered units, each separated from the other for the purpose of measured comparison and control, Robin Holt argues that craft work can produce the unassigned remainder that refuses being broken up: it generates its own sufficiency and joy.
Addressing the active and challenging field of spectral theory, this book develops the general theory of spectra of discrete structures, on graphs, simplicial complexes, and hypergraphs. In fact, hypergraphs have long been neglected in mathematical research, but due to the discovery of Laplace operators that can probe their structure, and their manifold applications from chemical reaction networks to social interactions, they now constitute one of the hottest topics of interdisciplinary research. The authors' analysis of spectra of discrete structures embeds intuitive and easily visualized examples, which are often quite subtle, within a general mathematical framework. They highlight novel research on Cheeger type inequalities which connect spectral estimates with the geometry, more precisely the cohesion, of the underlying structure. Establishing mathematical foundations and demonstrating applications, this book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in mathematics working on the spectral theory of operators on discrete structures.
From social networks to biological systems, networks are a fundamental part of modern life. Network analysis is increasingly popular across the mathematical, physical, life and social sciences, offering insights into a range of phenomena, from developing new drugs based on intracellular interactions, to understanding the influence of social interactions on behaviour patterns. This book provides a toolkit for analyzing random networks, together with theoretical justification of the methods proposed. It combines methods from both probability and statistics, teaching how to build and analyze plausible models for random networks, and how to validate such models, to detect unusual features in the data, and to make predictions. Theoretical results are motivated by applications across a range of fields, and classical data sets are used for illustration throughout the book. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the field for graduate students and researchers.
How did Jews in the ancient world depict the practices of their pagan contemporaries? In this study, Jesse Mirotznik investigates the portrayal of pagan worship in the Hebrew Bible and ancient Jewish literature. Scholars have assumed that the portrayals in these corpora are consistent over time. Mirotznik, however, shows that there is a fundamental discontinuity between earlier and later portrayals of pagan worship. In the Hebrew Bible, these forms of worship are, for the most part, simply assumed to be sincere. By contrast, in ancient Jewish texts from the 2nd century BCE and onward, such worship is increasingly presented as insincere, performed only instrumentally in the service of an ulterior motive. While the worshipers of other gods seem genuine in their devotion, as these texts contend, they too must recognize the folly of such worship. Mirotznik thus introduces the concept of “Bad Faith” as a lens through which to understand rhetoric about the Other.
The Messianic Jews of Ethiopia's Gambella region are Evangelical Christian Zionists who adhere to various Jewish practices and understand their faith as authentically emulating the faith of the first followers of Jesus Christ. Drawing on over a year of ethnographic research in this region, Yotam Gidron traces here the rise and evolution of Christian Zionist and Messianic Jewish faiths amongst Nuer communities in the Ethiopia-South Sudan borderlands. This study approaches processes of religious change from the perspective of believers, examining their pursuits of knowledge and transnational connectivity. In doing so, Gidron considers everyday dilemmas concerning spiritual mediation and truth, as they emerged in relation to church genealogies, Christian literacy, modes of prayer and praise, bloodlines, cattle, and the constitution of various human and divine relationships. As a result, he offers timely insights on spiritual and political life at the global margins, and on contemporary African attitudes towards Israel and the Middle East.
There is a growing need for academic enquiry acknowledging the challenges surrounding successful prescribing for mental health. This book focuses on the act and skills of psychiatric prescribing and its psychosocial context, bringing together differing views on prescribing, assessing the challenges, and identifying useful principles and guidelines together. Covering a multitude of topics including interpreting and handling uncertainty in the clinical evidence, accounting for phases of illness and natural course, collaborating with allied professionals, addressing the meaning of medications, minimising structural barriers to medications; accounting for interactive effects of dietary factors, supplements and alternative remedies, and shared decision-making approaches. Case vignettes and accompanying analysis frame the issues relevant for psychiatric prescribers and offering an approach that strikes a balance between the biological, psychological and social elements of prescribing. For psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and all those involved with the care of patients with mental health conditions.
The burgeoning field of differential equations on graphs has experienced significant growth in the past decade, propelled by the use of variational methods in imaging and by its applications in machine learning. This text provides a detailed overview of the subject, serving as a reference for researchers and as an introduction for graduate students wishing to get up to speed. The authors look through the lens of variational calculus and differential equations, with a particular focus on graph-Laplacian-based models and the graph Ginzburg-Landau functional. They explore the diverse applications, numerical challenges, and theoretical foundations of these models. A meticulously curated bibliography comprising approximately 800 references helps to contextualise this work within the broader academic landscape. While primarily a review, this text also incorporates some original research, extending or refining existing results and methods.
Governing AI is about getting AI right. Building upon AI scholarship in science and technology studies, technology law, business ethics, and computer science, it documents potential risks and actual harms associated with AI, lists proposed solutions to AI-related problems around the world, and assesses their impact. The book presents a vast range of theoretical debates and empirical evidence to document how and how well technical solutions, business self-regulation, and legal regulation work. It is a call to think inside and outside the box. Technical solutions, business self-regulation, and especially legal regulation can mitigate and even eliminate some of the potential risks and actual harms arising from the development and use of AI. However, the long-term health of the relationship between technology and society depends on whether ordinary people are empowered to participate in making informed decisions to govern the future of technology – AI included.
The western tradition of coinage began in Asia Minor around 650 BCE and from there the idea spread quite rapidly to other parts of the Mediterranean. This book describes and evaluates developments in coinage down to the period of the Persian Wars, ending in 479. Early coinage was not monolithic. The new medium of exchange proved attractive to a variety of rulers and societies – kings, dynasts, tribes, city–states with varying forms of governance. The physical characteristics of the coins produced were another source of difference. Initially there was no fixed idea of what a coin should look like, and there were several experiments before a consensus emerged around a small, circular metal object with a design, or type, on both sides. This book provides students with an authoritative introduction, with all technical terms and methodologies explained, as well as illustrations of over 200 important coins with detailed captions.
Charting a history of theatrical resistance to environmental exploitation, this study places drama and theatrical performance staged in Australia within the context of international scholarship to address major concerns about changing ecological systems. Exploring the staging of calamities ranging from droughts and floods to forest fires and rising seas, it examines a strikingly diverse body of work that reflects the entanglement of socio-economic and natural forces leading to ecological damage and climate change. Weather phenomena become protagonists in plays by Jack Davis, Andrea James, Louis Nowra and Hannie Rayson, while mutant creatures manifest climate threats in Jill Orr's work, and performances by the Australian Indigenous Marrugeku and Bangarra Dance Theatre invite grief for immense losses. Featuring First Nations performance and the profound knowledge of biodiverse multispecies habitats it presents, this study challenges the ways in which socio-ecological disaster is called 'natural' and positioned outside human responsibility.
How should we conceive of the vulnerability which we all experience, and what import does it have for how we think of equality as a political ideal? How should the state express equal respect for its citizens in light of our common vulnerability, and the heightened vulnerability experienced by some citizens? What does it mean for us to treat each other as equals in light of the inevitable dependencies and vulnerabilities which colour our relationship with each other? This volume offers the first systematic exploration of the relationship between two increasingly central concepts in political and moral philosophy and theory, namely vulnerability and relational equality, with essays presenting a range of current philosophical perspectives on the pressing practical question of how to conceive of equality within society in light of vulnerability. It will be valuable for readers interested in political philosophy and theory, ethics, public policy and philosophy of law.