In the eighteenth century, the practice of law was not a self-governing profession in the modern sense. Many lawyers and judges lacked specialized knowledge and formal training, and only a few were subject to regulation or oversight. This chapter examines how Henry Fielding grapples with the consequences of this undisciplined, undereducated, and ethically unmoored legal culture in Tom Jones (1749). Fielding derides the inadequacies of the period’s legal order by featuring magistrates and attorneys whose primary characteristics are intellectual incompetence, poor judgment, and moral corruption. Yet he also proposes a remedy to the law’s limitations. Drawing from moral philosophies circulating in the mid eighteenth century, Fielding implicitly advocates for a professional system that fosters its representatives’ innate moral virtues and enforces a stable but flexible code of ethics. His proposal has relevance for today’s legal profession, which is likewise susceptible to charges of ineffectiveness, injustice, and unfairness.

Throughout the third Critique Kant repeatedly stresses the importance of communication for human sociability, but he does not link communication to any particular view of language, making it uncertain how he thought of it and its importance for our cognition, rationality, and ethical sensibility. Against such uncertainty, my aim here is to show that there is at least one important form of linguistic expression – the poetic one – that is of paramount importance for Kant’s overall view of humanity’s progress towards the kingdom of ends. In developing my account, I start by explicating the importance of communication in Kant’s overall system, and I then focus on poetic expression, understood as a particular kind of communication. The emerging view of the centrality of the particular poetic expression generated by genius grounds Kant’s aesthetic cognitivism and brings to the fore the two main functions of poetic expression: the one related to development of human cognitive and moral capacities, and the one related to the role of poetry, and aesthetic judgments regarding poetry, in promoting our humanity.

Regulatory systems can be designed to surmount barriers and promote conditions for dealing with cumulative environmental problems using legal mechanisms that deliver four integrated functions: conceptualization, information, regulatory intervention, and coordination (the CIRCle Framework). Analyzing how a set of laws provides for these functions helps identify important weaknesses and gaps for improving laws. This chapter sets out a step-by-step guide to applying the CIRCle Framework and key design features for each function. It also highlights common themes that emerge from the book’s case studies, which center on environmental justice concerns related to groundwater in California’s Central Valley; cumulative impacts to the biodiversity of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia; and grasslands as biocultural landscapes in South Tyrol, Italy. Key themes point to the value of taking a wide view of relevant laws and available regulatory approaches and strategies and the importance of local factors, regardless of the governance scale of the problem. They show that integrating laws and functions can take time, but that evolution and improvement is possible.

This chapter introduces the individual Selbstzeugnisse used in this study, with particular emphasis on the eight at its center. It discusses the form and content of the texts, their limitations, and the differences among them, both in form and in content.

Luxury retailers emphasize aesthetic value of their products and sell them at ultra-high margins. Therefore, they are less sensitive to supply–demand mismatches than fast-fashion retailers. Luxury brands have different supply chain priorities than perfectly matching supply with demand. This chapter presents crucial aspects of luxury supply chains that are centered around demand management, supply chain transparency, and circular operations management. It also discusses the potential of blockchain for luxury supply chains as this technology can address the problems regarding supply chain transparency and circularity.

Joris Geldhof covers important elements of the liturgy’s evolution in the European Middle Ages, arguing that this concept itself is misleading with respect to what really happened. Both the liturgical rites and their theological and spiritual interpretations went through fascinating developments.

Chapter 7 elaborates on the extensive empirical corpus analysed in the preceding chapters. It reinforces the comparative points and clarifies the general patterns emerging in the book. It also expands our reflections on the meanings of modern transnational war volunteering, especially as seen through the conceptual lens of internationalism. The chapter presents conclusions regarding the ideological and organisational dynamics of transnational war volunteering as a left-wing political practice in the twentieth century. These findings open up new perspectives on mobilisation patterns pertaining to transnational volunteering, potentially moving the discussion away from top-down directives or impersonal indoctrination tools to a greater appreciation of the significance of contingency and horizontal influences shaping volunteer behaviour. Elaborating on these findings, the concluding chapter thus offers new conceptual registers to comprehend the phenomenon of left-wing war volunteering in the twentieth century.

Kant gives analogies a central place in cognition: We can apply concepts to objects of experience because we recognize similarities between them. The cognitive function is evident in Kant’s own use of metaphors and analogies, which shows how linguistic expression conveys philosophical content. For Kant, linguistic symbols and analogies serve a cognitive function: Symbols present concepts whose instances are nontangible to the senses and thereby provide a practical understanding of an abstract concept, whereas analogies illustrate structural similarities between two dissimilar objects and allow us to transfer an understanding of one relationship to the other. Kant’s theory of symbols and analogies suggests that his own metaphors and analogies might serve a cognitive function that could help us understand the nature of reason and its endeavors better. This chapter confronts Kant’s images drawn from law, biology, geography, and construction with his account of symbols and analogies and argues that each group of images illustrates a different aspect of Kant’s account of reason and systematic philosophy.

Chapter 3 turns to the location of work, examining the spatial dimensions of work on various scales. It begins by looking at regional differences and the contrasts between rural and urban work. The former were remarkably muted, but rural–urban differences are clear. The importance of travel and types of transport is considered as an important element of work largely neglected in existing studies. The final part of the chapter examines workspaces, quantifying inside and outside work and considering the dimension of privacy.