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Build a firm foundation for studying statistical modelling, data science, and machine learning with this practical introduction to statistics, written with chemical engineers in mind. It introduces a data–model–decision approach to applying statistical methods to real-world chemical engineering challenges, establishes links between statistics, probability, linear algebra, calculus, and optimization, and covers classical and modern topics such as uncertainty quantification, risk modelling, and decision-making under uncertainty. Over 100 worked examples using Matlab and Python demonstrate how to apply theory to practice, with over 70 end-of-chapter problems to reinforce student learning, and key topics are introduced using a modular structure, which supports learning at a range of paces and levels. Requiring only a basic understanding of calculus and linear algebra, this textbook is the ideal introduction for undergraduate students in chemical engineering, and a valuable preparatory text for advanced courses in data science and machine learning with chemical engineering applications.
The Foundling Hospital was established in London in 1739 to save impoverished infants from destitution and abandonment by separating them from their mothers and raising them in an institutional setting. The Hospital, which also housed an art collection, concert series, and fashionable park, became a monument to the largess of the benefactors willing to support the reshaping of supposedly unwanted babies into “worthy” citizens useful to their nation. In 2024 the Coram Foundation digitized parts of its voluminous archive from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, making these records available to the public in unprecedented ways. Through a close examination of the material artifacts of the Hospital, this analysis of the first few decades of this institution makes visible the uneasy tension between the perspective of the benefactors and the experiences of foundlings from the moment of separation from their birth parent(s) through their years associated with the Foundling Hospital.
Seismic anisotropy is ubiquitous at both the microscopic and macroscopic scales. The goal of this multidisciplinary book is to introduce students and more advanced scientists to seismic anisotropy at different scales, from the microscopic (0.1 nanometer) scale to the Earth (1000 kilometre) scale, and to improve the reader's understanding of all active Earth processes. Drawing on both mineral physics and seismology, it presents the different geological, mineralogical, and geodynamical applications of seismic anisotropy, and argues that an understanding of seismic anisotropy is necessary to interpret all seismic, geophysical, petrological, and geological data This volume is an invaluable for graduate students and research scientists in seismology/geophysics, and will be of considerable interest to geophysicists working in petroleum exploration/production and to mineral physicists and researchers in geodynamics and fluid flow in rocks. With an overview of the main recent advances in research, it also provides the perfect starting point for further research.
The modern international tax system is a complex framework of national laws, bilateral treaties, and multilateral agreements aimed at coordinating state tax entitlements. Historically, taxation was based on political allegiance, but globalization and increased mobility introduces new challenges. As more people and businesses operate across borders, it becomes harder to determine which states have the right to tax them. Fragmentation of individuals' economic and political lives has complicated states' abilities to balance liberty, justice, and collective decision-making. Taxing People addresses taxes on individuals, which are crucial for providing public goods, promoting justice, and legitimizing state power. Exploring the future of individual taxation, the book focuses on global tax governance, social changes like remote work, and the evolving relationship between people and states in a globalized economy. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available open access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
The Principles of Family Business Law offers an accessible approach to legal issues that shape family businesses. Drawing on years of research, the book introduces three principles – intimacy, integration, and inheritance – that explain why family businesses are distinctive and how, with proper guidance, they can thrive. The book examines recurring problems such as role conflicts among family members, succession planning obstacles, and ownership disputes. Vivid case studies illustrate how legal rules interact with family dynamics in practice. Designed for scholars, students, lawyers, and business advisors, the book integrates insights from corporate law, family law, and estate planning, while remaining readable and grounded in real-world concerns. Whether used in the classroom or in practice, it provides essential tools for navigating the complex interplay of law and family business. By supporting the resilience of family businesses, the book affirms the family and community values they help to sustain.
This comparative analysis of business systems examines firms and enterprises across three major economies in the world: the US, China and Japan. It asks how the law relates to business practice, economic growth and social development; and how enterprise law maximizes firm value in these three jurisdictions. The divergent legal, social and economic approaches towards the market, firms, and business and corporate law in these three major economies justify a close scrutiny of enterprise law with the aim of better understanding legal and economic models for social and economic development in a comparative context. This book will be of interest to academics and practitioners in law, business, management, public policy, political science, and economics. It offers a useful framework for legislative policy makers across the world - particularly in developing countries.
Teaching fundamental design concepts and the challenges of emerging technology, this textbook prepares students for a career designing the computer systems of the future. Self-contained yet concise, the material can be taught in a single semester, making it perfect for use in senior undergraduate and graduate computer architecture courses. This edition has a more streamlined structure, with the reliability and other technology background sections now included in the appendix. New material includes a chapter on GPUs, providing a comprehensive overview of their microarchitectures; sections focusing on new memory technologies and memory interfaces, which are key to unlocking the potential of parallel computing systems; deeper coverage of memory hierarchies including DRAM architectures, compression in memory hierarchies and an up-to-date coverage of prefetching. Practical examples demonstrate concrete applications of definitions, while the simple models and codes used throughout ensure the material is accessible to a broad range of computer engineering/science students.
How do languages capture and represent the sounds of the world? Is this a universal phenomenon? Drawing from data taken from 124 different languages, this innovative book offers a detailed exploration of onomatopoeia, that are imagic icons of sound events. It provides comprehensive analysis from both theoretical and empirical perspectives, and identifies the prototypical semiotic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, word-formation, and socio-pragmatic features of onomatopoeia. Supported with numerous examples from the sample languages, the book highlights the varied scope of onomatopoeia in different languages, its relationship to ideophones and interjections, and the role of sound symbolism, particularly phonesthemes, in onomatopoeia-formation. It introduces an onomasiological model of onomatopoeia-formation, identifies onomatopoeic patterns, and specifies the factors affecting the similarities and differences between onomatopoeias standing for the same sound event. Filling a major gap in language studies, it is essential reading for researchers and students of phonology, morphology, semiotics, poetics, and linguistic typology.
This fresh and engaging book opens up new terrain in the exploration of marriage and kinship. While anthropologists and sociologists have often interpreted marriage, and kinship more broadly, in conservative terms, Carsten highlights their transformative possibilities. The book argues that marriage is a close encounter with difference on the most intimate scale, carrying the seeds of social transformation alongside the trappings of conformity. Grounded in rich ethnography and the author's many decades of familiarity with Malaysia, it asks a central question: what does marriage do, and how? Exploring the implications of the everyday imaginative labour of marriage for kinship relations and wider politics, this work offers an important and highly original contribution to anthropology, family and kinship studies, sociology and Southeast Asian studies.
Answers to the question 'what is medical progress?' have always been contested, and any one response is always bound up with contextual ideas of personhood, society, and health. However, the widely held enthusiasm for medical progress escapes more general critiques of progress as a conceptual category. From the intersection of intellectual history, philosophy, and the medical humanities, Vanessa Rampton sheds light on the politics of medical progress and how they have downplayed the tensions between individual and social goods. She examines how a shared consensus about its value gives medical progress vast political and economic capital, revealing who benefits, who is left out, and who is harmed by this narrative. From ancient Greece to artificial intelligence, exploring the origins and ethics of different visions of progress offers valuable insight into how we can make them more meaningful in future. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Matthew Paris is one of the most remarkable and renowned figures in the cultural history of medieval England. A career-monk at the influential Benedictine abbey of St Albans, Paris' creative work bears witness to the rich intellectual, artistic, social and political environment of the monasteries and their lasting impact on the wider world. His compelling accounts of recent history and the lives of legendary saints and churchmen are a distinctive and valuable guide to the emergence of the English kingdom and its place in European Christendom. His accomplished and vivid artwork brings into focus both the craft skill and visual sensibility stimulated by the medieval Church. This systematic survey, the first published for almost seventy years, brings together expert scholarship and offers fresh, interdisciplinary perspectives on Paris', his life's work as writer, artist, cartographer and maker of manuscript books, and its enduring legacy.
Although new religious movements (NRMs) are characterized as diverse and unique, this Element analyzes the cultural logic underlying this apparent diversity from a sociological approach. Section 1 demonstrates that NRMs are substantially shaped by the Romantic counterculture emerging around the 1960s and its critique of churched religion, modern industries, science, and capitalism. Section 2 shows how these Romantic NRMs shaped the Western mainstream in the twenty-first century. Subsequent sections discuss the institutionalization of New Age spirituality in health care and business; the mediatization of modern paganism in film, television series, and online games; and the emergence of new NRMs in Silicon Valley that are formed around technologies of salvation (virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology). The Element concludes that the Romantic spirit of the NRMs – once distinctly countercultural – has paradoxically developed into a driving ideological force that now consolidates and strengthens the machineries of late-modern institutions.
By the late 19th century, China had degenerated into one of the world's poorest economies. Despite generations of effort for national rejuvenation, China did not reverse its fate until the market-oriented reform. Since then, China has become the most dynamic economy in the world and is likely to regain its position as the world's largest economy before 2030. Demystifying the Chinese Economy, provides insightful answers to why China was so advanced in premodern times and what caused it to become so poor for almost two centuries. It explains how China maintained stability and grew rapidly in its transition to an open, market economy. Featuring three new chapters (and five new appendices) on challenges facing China's economic development and structural reform, this new edition covers topical issues such as the origins of US-Sino trade frictions, the impact of Donald Trump's presidency, and the development of the 'Belt and Road' initiative.
At the beginning of the long eighteenth century, the adjective 'British' primarily meant Welsh, in a narrow and exclusive sense. As the nation and the empire expanded, so too did Britishness come to name a far more diffuse identity. In parallel with this transformation, writers sought to invent a new British literary tradition. Timothy Heimlich demonstrates that these developments were more interrelated than scholars have yet realized, revealing how Wales was both integral to and elided from Britishness at the same historical moment that it was becoming a vitally important cultural category. Critically re-examining the role of nationalism in the development of colonized identities and complicating the core-periphery binary, he sheds new light on longstanding critical debates about internal colonialism and its relationship to the project of empire-building abroad.
In 1957, Shanghai journalism student Xu Chengmiao faced persecution for a poem about flowers. Why did his classmates, teachers, and eventually the full force of the Party-state react so intensely to Xu's floral poetry? What connection did his writing have to the flowers that had adorned Chinese literature, art, reportage, and fashion since 1954? In this captivating book, Dayton Lekner tells the story of the Hundred Flowers, from its early blooms to its transformation into the Anti-Rightist campaign. Through the work and lives of creative writers, he shows that the literary circulation and practices that had long characterized China not only survived under Maoism but animated political and social movements. Texts 'went viral,' writers rose and fell, and metaphors mattered. Exploring the dynamism, nuance, and legion authors of 'official discourse,' he relocates creative writing not in tension with Mao era politics but as a central medium of the revolution.
A standard feature of our engagement with fictions is that we praise them as if they offer true insights on factual, psychological or evaluative matters, or criticize them as if they purport to do it but fail. But it is not so easy to make sense of this practice, since fictions traffick in made-up narratives concerning non-existing characters. This book offers the reader conceptual tools to reflect on such issues, providing an overarching, systematic account of philosophical issues concerning fictions and illustrating them with analysis of compelling examples. It asks whether fiction is defined – as John Searle and others have claimed – by mere pretense – the simulation of ordinary representational practices like assertions or requests - or whether it is defined by invitations or prescriptions to imagine. And it advances an original proposal on the nature of fictions, explaining why fictions can refer to the world and state facts about it.
The development of academic language in bilingual contexts is under-researched, especially at the critical point of adolescence. This insightful book addresses the onset and development of literacy in bilingual contexts, through a series of original case studies. Covering CLIL, EMI, and bilingual/multilingual education, the authors examine the evolution of the lexis, syntax and discourse in bilingual learning over the years of adolescence and early adulthood at school. Qualitative and quantitative research are integrated, including corpus research, with excerpts from learner corpora; computational linguistics, with metrics from language software tools; and case studies, with analyses of learners and programmes worldwide, including Refugee, Asylum-Seeking and Migrant (RASM) students. It also provides a description of disciplinary language, in domains like science, mathematics, and history in multilingual education. Finally, it delves into language policy and critical linguistics, connecting language description with educational deficits.
The topic of language and brain is a large and significant area of research and study, and this Handbook provides a state-of-the-art survey of the field. Bringing together contributions from an interdisciplinary team of internationally-renowned scholars, it focuses on important theoretical positions that have changed the study of language and brain in the first two decades of the 21st century. It is split into seven thematic parts, covering topics such as theoretical foundations of language and brain, neuroimaging studies of brain and language, language and cognitive development, building cognitive brain reserve and the importance of proficiency, aphasia and autism spectrum disorders, brain, language and music, and new directions and perspectives. Representing the most powerful trends in the field, it will inform new directions in the study of language and brain, cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, and scholars and advanced students will find this compilation an invaluable resource for years to come.
Only when we fully appreciate the origins and foundations of child and adolescent behaviors will we succeed in uncovering why they do what they do. By emphasizing evolutionary viewpoints of human psychological development, this textbook explains the fundamental underpinnings of young minds and how they grow. New chapters on the biological basis and cultural context of development introduce students to dynamic new debates in the field. The integrative, topical approach incorporates the perspectives that guide today's practitioners and gives students a holistic and up-to-date understanding of development. Box features highlight key debates, Section Reviews reinforce essential points, and “Ask Yourself” questions and end-of-chapter exercises encourage engagement and extend learning, supporting and enhancing student understanding. Revised and updated throughout, this comprehensive, topical textbook uniquely integrates the central themes of modern developmental theory – developmental contextualism, sociocultural perspective, and evolutionary theory – in a strong, theoretical introduction to child and adolescent development.
This Element presents a computational theory of syntactic variation that brings together (i) models of individual differences across distinct speakers, (ii) models of dialectal differences across distinct populations, and (iii) models of register differences across distinct contexts. This computational theory is based in Construction Grammar (CxG) because its usage-based representations can capture differences in productivity across multiple levels of abstraction. Drawing on corpora representing over 300 local dialects across fourteen countries, this Element undertakes three data-driven case-studies to show how variation unfolds across the entire grammar. These case-studies are reproducible given supplementary material that accompanies the Element. Rather than focus on discrete variables in isolation, we view the grammar as a complex system. The essential advantage of this computational approach is scale: we can observe an entire grammar across many thousands of speakers representing dozens of local populations.