This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of credibility research in human–generative AI interactions by analyzing literature from various disciplines. It begins by exploring the key dimensions of credibility assessment and provides an overview of two main measurement methods: user-oriented and technology-oriented. The chapter then examines the factors that influence human perceptions of AI-generated content (AIGC), including attributes related to data, systems, algorithms, and user-specific factors. Additionally, it investigates the challenges and ethical considerations involved in assessing credibility in human–generative AI interactions, scrutinizing the potential consequences of misplaced trust in AIGC. These risks include concerns over security, privacy, power dynamics, responsibility, cognitive biases, and the erosion of human autonomy. Emerging approaches and technological solutions aimed at improving credibility assessment in AI systems are also discussed, alongside a focus on domains where AI credibility assessments are critical. Finally, the chapter proposes several directions for future research on AIGC credibility assessments.

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the fractured state of global health law infrastructure. Establishing a One Health framework in law and policy is necessary to address the multitude of interlinked global health and sustainability challenges, including the risk of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, climate change, antimicrobial resistance, and food insecurity. This chapter will look at domestic and regional institutional collaborative frameworks focused on One Health, drawing on the development and implementation of integrated frameworks at the country level including, Egypt, Vietnam, Kenya, and India. Additionally, it will see how regional cooperation in the Arctic has led to the adoption and implementation of One Health policy guidelines and frameworks at the domestic level. The examination of national approaches will provide a critical analysis of key opportunities and barriers for domestic policy guidelines moving forward.

Liborius Olaf Lumma sheds light on the Church’s daily prayer, previously called the Divine Office in the West, now known as the Liturgy of the Hours. He sketches their emergence and historical development in different cultural realms, but not without sounding how intrinsically important the hours are for Christian worship as a whole.

Kant’s thoughts on language as a practical tool of what he would call “pragmatic formation” in his pedagogical writings are often overlooked. If anything, Kant is read from selected passages of his third Critique as being opposed to the arts of oratory and persuasion. This chapter will canvas Kant’s supposed animosity to the persuasive employment of language – rhetoric, in a term – and detail the complexity that lies behind Kant’s reaction to language as a tool of action among moral agents. Drawing upon his anthropological lectures and writings, as well as his religious and aesthetics work, I will argue that Kant leaves space in his system for a moralized, and moralizing, use of persuasive language in human community. Language use can draw upon inclinations and desires in an agent, and thereby compromise their autonomy. Yet there are ways that Kant speaks of or hints at that use language in ways that move us to be free. Kant’s aesthetics also allows room for vivid presentations as a way to make clear to one’s listener what one already knows in a nonmanipulative manner; these presentation styles are tied in with Kant’s religious thought, as well as with the western rhetorical tradition in general.

Scholarship on the role of precedents and precedential reasoning in law has tended to focus on questions concerning a commitment to stare decisis and the nature of analogy and justification. This chapter, by contrast, examines the use of rhetorical and formal techniques to convey an opinion’s precedential status. Lord Mansfield, Chief Justice of the Court of King’s Bench from 1756 to 1788, used a range of such techniques to indicate that he was changing the law and to signal that a given decision should govern future cases. His law reporter, James Burrow, credited as the creator of the headnote, complemented these efforts through his use of typography and page layout. Burrow’s ideas about clearer, fuller, and more focused reporting of legal decisions probably owed a considerable amount to his long-standing involvement with the Royal Society, whose published Transactions exhibit a series of generic changes, anticipating in some respects those that Burrow would adopt.

The Indian constitution was poised to create a new map of power, transforming the relationship between existing state agencies and new authorities. This chapter demonstrates how the individuals staffing the state apparatus were not mere spectators, passively following the constitution-making process, but actors who actively sought to influence, change, or resist the emerging constitutional order through both public and private channels. The success of the future constitution of India required a smooth transition of the organs of the colonial state to the postcolonial order. Turning their loyalty and ambitions to the new state and its constitutional order was not an obvious outcome in 1947. The chapter examines how provincial legislators sought to guard their autonomy; how the higher judiciary endeavoured to protect their judicial independence; the contested constitutional status of Delhi; and finally, how the ‘neutral’ bureaucracy who were managing the process of constitution making actively sought to defend their own jurisdiction and interests at the time. This process, which paralleled the integration of territories, led to the functional integration of the units of the state.

The chapter begins with a reconstruction of Kant’s conception of the relationship between thought and language, which aims to highlight its novelty and distinctiveness, especially in relation to the Wolffian tradition, as well as its affinity with Herder’s view. The analysis then focuses on Kant’s conception of the relation between word and concept in order to show how Kant abandons the ‘auxiliary model’ in favor of an inextricable, essential relation between word and concept. He identifies the particular cognitive force of the word in its nonrepresentational, nondepictional character and its consequent extrinsic relation to the imagination. The issue of how the meaning of empirical concepts/words arises is then addressed. A crucial role is played by the theory of Merkmale (marks): they allow a transition from intuitive traits to the concept and grant the possibility of the original relation of mere designation between the word and its object. On this basis, the process of gradual acquisition of meaning then takes place. The latter yields the synthetic enrichment and correction of the concept. This process is guided by the general transcendental framework that make it possible to identify a phenomenon ‘x’ to be referred to by means of designation.

During the Symposium held in Manhattan in 2004 coining the One Health approach, the role of environmental law was underlined. The IUCN Commission on Environmental Law, through its representative from Southeast Asia, insisted on the importance of biodiversity conservation and the protection of wildlife while massive culling measures were taken to counteract zoonotic diseases. In this chapter we will show how the development of the One Health approach has been historically favoured by environmental law, acknowledging the interactions between health and biodiversity. We will detail how it has spread into the multilateral environmental agreements in relation to biodiversity conservation and how the environmental protection arena has evolved quite independently from the health sector in implementing the One Health approach until UNEP joined the FAO-OIE (WOAH)-WHO forces and the input from the OHHLEP (One Health High Level Expert Panel) in that respect. We will conclude with examples of One Health implementation in relation to environmental law, whether they concern research projects or training, notably in Southeast Asia.

In today’s data-driven world, the demand for advanced intelligent systems to automate and enhance complex tasks is growing. However, developing effective artificial intelligence (AI) often depends on extensive, high-quality training data, which can be costly and time-consuming to obtain. This chapter highlights the potential of human–AI collaboration by integrating human expertise into machine learning workflows to address data limitations and enhance model performance. We explore foundational concepts such as Human-in-the-Loop systems, Active Learning, Crowdsourcing, and Interactive Machine Learning, outlining their interconnections as key paradigms. Through practical applications in diverse domains such as healthcare, finance, and agriculture, along with real-world case studies in education and law, we demonstrate how strategically incorporating human expertise into machine learning workflows can significantly enhance AI performance. From an information science perspective, this chapter emphasizes the powerful human–AI partnership that can drive the next generation of AI systems, enabling continuous learning from human experts and advancing capability and performance.

The expansion of the press in the late nineteenth century – Britain and America leading the way; Germany and other countries soon following – reinforced its self-proclaimed role as representative of the public. Politicians could no longer ignore newspapers and needed to (appear to) take into account public opinion. However, sensitivity to news related to the security of a political position: monarchs remained most shielded from public opinion and the press, followed by non-elected insiders, non-elected outsiders, elected insiders, and elected outsiders. Both journalists and politicians posited that ‘the press’ shaped the parameters of political manoeuvrability and provided politicians with the daily information needed to perform their duties. Politicians’ choice of newspapers, seen to affect their decisions, became subject to debate in newspapers themselves. Politicians were portrayed as bourgeois readers, reinforcing their participation in an imagined community of readership that developed in this period, particularly in the major urban centres. Despite the expectation to heed the voice of the people, journalists also expected politicians to stand above the clamour of the press and to lead public opinion in pursuit of national interests. In response to these contradictory expectations, politicians increasingly sought to steer the press themselves.