Chapter 8 departs slightly from the focus on translation activity by shining a light on the translator, in an effort to highlight their role in the translation process itself, often minimized for the benefit of the text. The chapter serves as a reminder that the translator also has an impact on the text. It addresses what is meant by the translator’s (in)visibility and how practicing or aspiring translators can incorporate this notion into their practice and knowledge base. Also addressed are related topics such as norms, codes of ethics, agency, positionality and ideology. Additionally, the chapter helps inform aspiring translators and those who work with translators about the role and professional expectations for translators, including their role as agents of social justice, the translator’s workplace, recent changes in the field, translator profiles, and the qualifications and skills needed to work as a translator. This chapter guides readers to an understanding of the translator’s possible role/s and assists them with the creation of their own professional identity.

The theory posits that conformation systems are the channel for children to discover their community’s implementations of each relational model. Hence, children seek, initiate, attend, and take note of conformations. Consequently, conformation systems are the media for cultural reproduction, transformation, and resistance to social systems. Another point to consider is that conformations may or may not be intentional, be done by choice, or be in conscious awareness. Also a big issue is the conceptualization of felicity conditions for conformations: When are people receptive to a given conformation, and when are they offended by – and reject – a given conformation? Another aspect of conformation systems that we have only touched on, but that merits extensive research, is that they, on the one hand, often depend on available technology, and, on the other hand, impel the invention, diffusion, and development of technologies that facilitate, amplify, and hence increase the efficacy of conformations.

The efforts of the survivors of the Sasun massacre, and their allies in the ABCFM, to disseminate narratives of state violence were countered by the Ottoman state as it sought to maintain a monopolization of legitimate narrative. In both cases, the story of Sasun played on the global stage. Telegraph wires carried the story of Sasun, and the apologetics of the Ottoman government, to readers around the world. Like all technologies, the telegraph was a Janus-faced tool. It helped actors disseminate information, but it also helped them control it. In the Ottoman Empire, the telegraph allowed the state to centralize information. Never before had the Ottoman state possessed such control over information flows. Yet, the telegraph also disseminated narratives that largely circumvented Ottoman censors. These narratives, collected by missionaries, consuls, and journalists, contributed to protests in the United States and Great Britain. As more stories of massacres appeared in newspapers abroad, the Ottoman state clamped down to maintain its desired public image.

This chapter considers the profound physical co-presence and ritual language in First Nations culture, the role of poetry readings at formal occasions, folk ballads in early settler culture, and the continuing popularity of bush poetry today. It traces the emergence of performance poetry, as it is most well known, in the 1970s, discussing how it became a way for many to articulate lived experiences that were otherwise silenced in written form. Links to community and a curious general public are detailed. The chapter discusses the establishment of the Australian Poets Union and the relation of live poetry to little magazines. It considers the expansion and diversification of live poetry in the 1980s, and the fostering of vernacular and everyday experience as street poetry. It then discusses growing institutional recognition, including the creation of state poetry festivals and the increasing recognition of sound poetry. The chapter analyses the alignment of performance poetry with DIY aesthetics, disruptions of the global, branching into music and the rise of poetry slams. It concludes by reflecting on how performance poetry has been powerfully shaped by First Nations and culturally diverse poets.

This chapter discusses the neuropathology of dementia, focusing on the degenerative dementia syndromes commonly encountered by dementia specialists. It highlights the concept of selective vulnerability, where specific neuron types in specific brain regions decline and die, leading to progressive dysfunction. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, characterized by neurofibrillary pathology and the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are also discussed, along with their respective clinical features and underlying pathology. The chapter emphasizes the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases and the need for more integrative models to understand their pathogenesis and develop effective therapies.

Chapter 6 follows Scott’s army through 1847 during its advance toward Mexico City. It considers how the army sought to pacify the Mexican people by paying for what it took and explains the (sometimes violent) consequences for Mexican women. Although women made a vast array of choices in response to the US invasion, from seizing economic opportunities to armed resistance, regulars insisted that women welcomed them – an interpretation that still predominates in military histories. This misconception had strategic benefits. To the extent that army protection of women was real, martial law and army money maintained sufficient order to allow US forces to secure foodstuffs and supplies to continue military operations. To the extent that protection was rhetorical, the army used its claims of legitimacy to make levies on occupied areas (and women), fund operations, and harshly punish those who threatened military interests. The US Army found both strategies, the real and the rhetorical, critical to its invasion of Mexico.

The population of people over the age of 80 is increasing in nearly all regions of the world. Age is tightly linked to the prevalence of dementia and is also linked to the frequency of protein deposition that does not meet neuropathological criteria for dementias, sometimes of unclear recognized importance. Among those over the age of 80, Alzhiemer’s disease remains the most common neuropathology with or without cerebrovascular disease or other co-pathology. Comorbid pathology is increasingly common in older age. The frequency of pure vascular dementia diminishes with age. The tight neuropathological to clinical correlates of dementia seen in younger populations are not as strong in the oldest-old where individuals without dementia oftern demonstrate substantial disease-specific neuropathology and those with dementia sometimes don’t evidence expected neuropathology. In addition to covering these concepts, new entities including Aging-related Tau Astrogliopathy (ARTAG), Limbic Predominant Age-related TDP-43 Proteinopathy (LATE) and Primary Age-related Tauopathy (PART) are briefly discussed.

This chapter assesses the situation surrounding peasant incomes in the period under analysis. This involves, firstly, placing an updated estimate of Valencian real wages in a European context. Once presented, trends in real wages help to give a sense of the overall dynamics of purchasing power that society experienced in the kingdom of Valencia. Secondly, the evidence provided by inventories of peasants themselves with respect to selected wealth assets – land and animal ownership – are used to explore the contribution of these resources to their incomes over time.

People conform communal sharing by making their body surfaces the same through body modification, body marking, dress, hair, adornment, or uniforms; also, circumcision and clitoridectomy, as well as initiation rites. Synchronized rhythmic motion is also consubstantial assimilation. Preverbal infants recognize that synchronous rhythmic movement conforms communal sharing, and so does mouth-to-mouth food sharing. When they see agents do that, infants expect the agents to help or comfort each other. One implication of infant innate knowledge of relational models and their conformation systems is that social development consists of externalizing innate knowledge and dispositions, which requires that the infant learn the cultural complements of their innate relational models. The phylogenetic precursors to consubstantial assimilation include grooming in primates and affiliative licking in other mammals. Conformations often involve multiple recursive cycles, generating not only common knowledge, but common emotions, motives, and moral sentiments.

This chapter discusses poets of the South West Asian and North African diasporas who have experienced exile and loss, some as refugees. It describes a translingual pluriverse of diasporic poets from a region that has come to have many names and terminologies assigned to it. The chapter reflects on the political and cultural conditions in which diasporic writers produce poetry in Australia, in both spoken and written forms. Themes of witness, protest and identity, often interwoven, are analysed. The chapter considers the presence of poets from Arabic-, Kurdish-, Dari- and Farsi-speaking backgrounds, some of whom write in English while others have translingual practices and experiment with hybrid modes. It assesses the impact of settler monolingualism in Australia and argues for the importance of multilingual poetry in articulating cultural diversity and challenging delimiting discursive systems. The significance of literary journals is also detailed, and the value of poetry in the face of violence, displacement and prejudice is asserted.

Chapter 4 considers the war’s early 1846 campaigns in Northern Mexico and demonstrates why regulars in Mexico developed a strikingly different approach to enemy women than in Florida. They would no longer be hunters and captors but rescuers who redeemed Mexican women from Indigenous captivity. Mexican women became the perfect subjects for US military protection because rescue demonstrated the superiority of US soldiers to Mexican men who failed to safeguard their women. This racialized dynamic allowed the army to criminalize both the Native and Mexican men who resisted military occupation. As a result, the US Army emerged from Northern Mexico with two distinct approaches for future conflicts that distinguished between lawful enemies (uniformed, conventional combatants) who deserved good treatment from unlawful enemies, especially guerrillas and Indigenous raiding parties, whom the army labeled criminals. These dual approaches, premised in part on the need to rescue Mexican women, legitimized a vision of continental expansion and forged the tools that the US would use in punitive “Indian Wars” for the rest of the century.