Humanity’s impact on the planet is undeniable. Fairly and effectively addressing environmental problems begins with understanding their causes and impacts. Is over-population the main driver of environmental degradation? Poverty? Capitalism? Poor governance? Imperialism? Patriarchy? Clearly these are not technical questions, but political ones.

Updated to cover new debates, data, and policy, and expanded to include chapters on colonialism, race and gender, and the impacts of energy and resource extraction, this book introduces students to diverse perspectives and helps them develop an informed understanding of why environmental problems occur.

How the international community should act is deeply contested. Guiding students through the potential responses, including multilateral diplomacy, transnational voluntary action, innovative financial mechanisms, problem displacement, consumer-focused campaigns, and resistance, this book explains the different forms of political action, their limitations and injustices.

Online resources include lecture slides, a test bank for instructors, updated weblinks to videos, and suggested readings for students.

Contrary to Central America, the politics of emergency remained an essential framework for solidarity activists with the Southern Cone. However, these activists mobilized an explicitly market-critical interpretation of the human rights problems in Chile and Argentina. Grassroots human rights advocates criticized the lack of thoroughgoing judicial accountability, and the continuation of the economic policies imposed by the outgoing military regimes. Government officials, conservative politicians, and market-friendly NGOs such as the IGFM rebuffed these demands. They endorsed market-friendly democratization, the cornerstones of which were a negotiated ending to military rule, continuation of the neoliberal reforms initiated by the military regimes, and the non-prosecution of most perpetrators of human rights abuses. Pro-Pinochet activists favored a protracted process of democratization in Chile to ensure the continuation of his economic policies. This clashed with the efforts of Christian Democrats Heiner Geißler and Norbert Blüm, who wished to speed up the end of Pinochet’s rule and endorsed the acceptance of left-wing political asylum seekers to the FRG on humanitarian grounds.

This chapter considers the role of individual differences in attachment in the development of alternative reproductive strategies as conceptualized in evolutionary lifespan models, with a special emphasis on psychosocial acceleration theory (Belsky et al., 1991). Psychosocial acceleration theory is the primogenitor of several evolutionary lifespan models based on life history theory principles. These models describe how harsh and/or unpredictable childhoods forecast developmental adaptations and reproductive strategies in adulthood. Harshness and unpredictability levels should affect the adaptive calibration of the mating–parenting tradeoff, with harsher or more unpredictable environments forecasting greater mating effort at the expense of parenting effort. The attachment system has been proposed as an important mediator between early environmental exposure and reproductive strategies in adulthood. This chapter provides an overview of evolutionary lifespan models through the years and presents the theoretical rationale for the mediating role of attachment representations. This chapter then reviews empirical findings demonstrating that insecure attachment representations mediate the effects of childhood unpredictability on mating and parenting outcomes in adulthood, including unrestricted sociosexuality, unprotected sex, intimate partner violence perpetration, low relationship quality, negating parental orientations, and low parental support. This chapter concludes with directions for future research on environmentally induced adaptive calibration of life history variables.

Despite widespread integration of genetic research by most disciplines, genetics has largely been excised by the field of criminology, a field that continues to be guided almost exclusively by a sociological paradigm. Part of the reason for why genetic research has not been synthesized into the criminological scholarship is due to concerns about the policy implications that might flow directly from it. Specifically, critics of genetic and biosocial research routinely argue that studying the genetic basis to criminality likely would lead to oppressive crime-control policies and perhaps even a new eugenics movement. If criminologists had an accurate understanding of how genetic influences relate to criminal involvement, then these concerns would largely be assuaged. Against this backdrop, the current chapter uses Belsky’s differential susceptibility model as the centerpiece to show that genetic research is not only useful in understanding the etiology of criminal involvement but also that it holds great promise in guiding the development of crime prevention and rehabilitation programs.

Humanity’s impact on the planet is undeniable. Fairly and effectively addressing environmental problems begins with understanding their causes and impacts. Is over-population the main driver of environmental degradation? Poverty? Capitalism? Poor governance? Imperialism? Patriarchy? Clearly these are not technical questions, but political ones.

Updated to cover new debates, data, and policy, and expanded to include chapters on colonialism, race and gender, and the impacts of energy and resource extraction, this book introduces students to diverse perspectives and helps them develop an informed understanding of why environmental problems occur.

How the international community should act is deeply contested. Guiding students through the potential responses, including multilateral diplomacy, transnational voluntary action, innovative financial mechanisms, problem displacement, consumer-focused campaigns, and resistance, this book explains the different forms of political action, their limitations and injustices.

Online resources include lecture slides, a test bank for instructors, updated weblinks to videos, and suggested readings for students.

With 115 recreation centers, 3,000 clubs, numerous activities, and media content that encourages residents to “Try something new!” The Villages actively promotes innovation in later life. Drawing on innovation theory, this chapter examines the continuity and change in residents’ leisure activities upon moving to The Villages and over time. It describes what can be termed an "innovation culture" while also noting that innovation tends to decline with age and pointing to a greater tendency towards self-preservation rather than self-reinvention innovation.

Question 1: Which of the following is the first-line pharmacotherapy in the treatment of panic disorder?

Question 1: Liam is an eight-year-old boy who was diagnosed with selective mutism in your clinic after he was referred for an inability to speak in school despite being able to converse in a home setting. Which of the following is TRUE regarding selective mutism?

Chapter 3 covers the topic of major depressive disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the management of a patient with major depressive disorder from first presentation to subsequent complications of the conditions and its treatment. Things covered include the symptoms, psychopathology, co–morbid conditions, psychological therapies, the evidence-based use of pharmacological treatment including antidepressants and adjuncts, adverse effects of commonly used medications, management of treatment-resistant depression.

New research agendas tackle questions about the social and political dimension of ancient and historical pastoralism and the impact that herd animals and herding had on societies through time. These research agendas include social zooarchaeology and the archaeology of social spaces in pastoral landscapes, such as monuments, gathering spaces, and corrals or other herding infrastructure. In the future, household archaeological approaches to settlements and campsites should play a more important role.

Chapter 8 covers the topic of panic disorder and agoraphobia. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with panic disorder and agoraphobia. We delineate the investigations to rule out organic causes and explore treatment options and its side effects. Topics covered include the symptoms, investigations, differential diagnoses, treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia including pharmacological and psychological therapies.

Judge Carolyn Kuhl (L.A. Superior Court), until recently the chief judge of the nation’s largest trial court system, offers an important contribution to the debate about whether and how to relax “courthouse UPL” – the possibility that judges, court clerks, other court staff, and AI-enabled chatbots might plausibly narrow the justice gap by providing self-represented litigants with necessary assistance. At once a history lesson and an in-the-trenches look at a decade of L.A. court reforms, Judge Kuhl shows how the anxieties about judicial and court neutrality have given way to a rich array of reform options that are producing concrete lessons for other judicial reformers looking for alternatives to conventional forms of legal help.

For decades, biologists have assumed that our most distant animal cousins were sponges (Porifera). This seemed to make a lot of sense, because sponges are very different from us and from all other animals. Sponges do not have different types of tissues, such as skin, muscles, and nerves. Their colonies of cells form the colorful but irregular shapes that are common on coral reefs. There is no way to cut a sponge into two equal halves – adult sponges are asymmetrical. Surely animals such as this must be very distantly related to us, no? (Note that for this chapter, I have switched things up to talk about our most distant animal relatives first.)

But beginning around 2010, new data began to emerge suggesting that another group of animals, the comb jellies, might be our most distant animal relatives. Comb jellies, also known as ctenophores (Ctenophora), are aquatic organisms with generally translucent gel-filled bodies.