Considering the last will’s status as a memorial object and an apparatus of political control has demonstrated another way in which acts of will-making and willing were closely connected in English Renaissance plays. The manipulation of the last will formed a significant part of the way that the anxieties and injustices associated with the politics of patrilineal descent were depicted in the age’s drama. What I have shown throughout the second half of this study is that the acts of composing and administering a will and testament were commonly associated with the proliferation of discord in local communities. The friction that last wills generate is often resolved by purging what are deemed to be rebellious, immoral, or transgressive expressions of personal agency resolved by purging what are deemed to be rebellious, immoral, or transgressive expressions of personal agency. The conditions surrounding the dramatic performance of last wills conventionally draw attention to the systemic inequalities embedded in the cultural networks of early modern life, where wives, daughters, sons, and hopeful beneficiaries were routinely forced to follow the dictation of cunning men. Even when used to engender communal cohesion, dramatists repeatedly focused on the intrigue, discord, and suffering associated with the implementation of the male-authored last will and testament.

Question 1: Which of the following are risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease?

Chapter 50 covers the topic of child and adolescent mental health services. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the management of young patients with psychiatric disorders from first presentation to subsequent complications of the conditions and its treatment. Things covered include the general principles of prescribing in children and adolescent patients with psychiatric disorders, the use of antidepressants, the use of mood stabilisers, the use of antipsychotics, treatment of anxiety disorders.

Jay Belsky’s career has always focused on important social and behavioral challenges, and Jay specialized in showing how childhood experience shapes people’s behavior in the face of such challenges. Here we describe a project that could have been done by Jay himself, and that drew on ideas shared with us by Jay over the years of our friendship. The social problem we studied emerged from the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic: resistance to the vaccines. We carried out the project in the five-decade Dunedin Study, where we compared groups who differed in their intentions toward the COVID-19 vaccine in the weeks before vaccines became available. We found that vaccine-resistant and vaccine-hesitant cohort members had histories of adverse childhood experiences that fostered mistrust of authority, early-life mental-health problems that fostered misinterpretation of health messages, and early-life personality styles including tendencies to have extreme negative emotions, shut down mentally under stress, to value being a nonconformist, and to be fatalistic about health. Making matters worse, many Vaccine-Resistant and Vaccine-Hesitant participants also had difficulty cognitively comprehending health information. We found that negative vaccine intentions are not short-term misunderstandings that can be readily cleared up by delivering more information to adults in the midst of a public-health crisis. Instead they are part of a person’s lifelong psychological style of misinterpreting information and making unhealthy decisions during stressful uncertain situations. The key contribution from our study is the appreciation that this style is laid down well before secondary school age. To prepare for pandemics of the future, education about viruses and vaccines in schools could reduce citizens’ level of uncertainty and fear during a pandemic and give people preexisting knowledge that prevents shutdown under emotional distress and enhances their capacity to hear health messages.

The Villages provides its residents with a wide array of formal and informal media, most of which are digital. This chapter examines the content and usage of these media, delving into the attitudes of the residents towards them. Despite frequent criticism from residents about the media’s heavy emphasis on local "happy news," this chapter suggests that such a focus fosters a sense of a "bubble," which contributes positively to their well-being.

The final book of the Tusculans is intended to bring together the results of the preceding books in two ways. It concludes the argument that virtue is sufficient for happiness, where that is understood as invulnerable tranquillity and peace of mind. The book also fills out its opening praise of philosophy, understood as Academic sceptical method. However, the forceful final coda raises problems of philosophical consistency which, when examined carefully, cannot be reconciled with the book’s initial aims.

Living in a city for older adults inevitably involves facing and coping with the frequent deaths of neighbors, friends, and acquaintances, serving as a constant reminder of one’s mortality. Through the stories of three individuals, this chapter offers a glimpse into the experiences of dying, caregiving for the dying, and grieving in The Villages. It also contrasts the pervasive presence of death with the relative invisibility of the "fourth age."

This chapter presents Ockham’s theory of demonstration in Summa Logicae III-2, the syllogism that produces scientific knowledge. He relies on Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics and Grosseteste’s commentary it. Grosseteste, however, founded the necessity of demonstration on necessary relations in the world. For Ockham, the main challenge is to elaborate a theory of science that addresses the singular beings in a contingent world. His theory is characterized by a conception of purely logical necessity, a semiotic conception of cause, and the requirement that subject terms must have reference in order for affirmative propositions to be true. Many propositions about the natural world are not susceptible to demonstration in the strict sense, but Ockham distinguishes different kinds of demonstration. He is not so much trying to limit the field of demonstrable natural knowledge as to relax the meaning of demonstrability so that it includes many dubitable propositions that can be made evident.

The Preface introduces some of the key questions and analytical points of the book, its sources, and some of its contributions. It details how the book was inspired by an art exhibition that the authors co-organized with art historian Bárbaro Martínez-Ruiz and the process through which some of the questions posed by the exhibition became a book project. It discusses how it was frequently difficult to assess whether an artist was racialized, at least in some social contexts, as a person of African descent, and the author’s strategies to handle this question.