This article examines the early Nazi movement through the contested and violent politics of Munich’s beer halls between 1919 and 1923. It argues that these spaces were not neutral stages for political speech, but rather central arenas in which the movement defined its identity, tested its tactics, and fused party and paramilitary organization. Drawing on police reports, eyewitness accounts, and Nazi publications, the article shows how the NSDAP sought to recode beer halls into sites of antisemitic and anti-republican action, aided by the toleration and complicity of Bavarian state authorities. These spaces became laboratories for masculine bonding, crowd mobilization, and practices of exclusionary violence that made the boundaries of the Volk both visible and enforceable. By foregrounding the interplay of space, sociability, and violence, the article reframes the origins of Nazi radicalism and highlights the role of everyday venues in shaping interwar populist politics.

This study investigates the role of English in Bali’s tourism‑driven economy, focusing on investment in English learning among Balinese tour guides. It examines the intersection of economic, social, and cultural factors shaping language acquisition, comparing learners of English at the grassroots who rely on formal, informal, or mixed methods of acquisition. Using Darvin and Norton’s (2015) investment model, the study explores how ideology, identity, and capital influence English learning trajectories. Data were collected through questionnaires and semi‑structured interviews with six Balinese tour guides, representing diverse linguistic biographies and learning contexts. Findings reveal that despite systemic barriers, learners of English at the grassroots demonstrate resilience and adaptability by leveraging social and cultural capital. While some depend on informal interactions, others access formal education or combine both approaches to enhance their opportunities. The study underscores the vital role of English as a tool for economic and social mobility in Bali’s international tourism industry, while also investigating the investment elements that shape learners’ trajectories.

Fiscal rules for devolved nations present some fundamental challenges not faced when making national fiscal Rules. Most importantly, rules across devolved nations involve a negotiation between the central and devolved governments who have very different objectives and so the framework created ends up as a mix of economics, politics and the vagaries of compromise. This article highlights how these issues have resulted in Scotland finances being heavily influenced by both inflation and population growth in ways that were never intended to become a long run feature of the funding framework.

The close relationship between the “Shiji jie” (Exposition of Historical Records) chapter of the Yi Zhoushu (Remaining Zhou Documents) and the “Wangzheng” (Portents of Destruction) chapter of the Han Feizi has long been recognized, but prior to this, the precise nature of the connection has been unexplored. This article presents a comparative study structured around an annotated translation of these two texts. The “Shiji jie” describes how King Mu of Zhou fell asleep and dreamed of a set of instructions for how to avoid the mistakes made by other dynasties and states that led to their decline and fall. This “mirror for princes” text is thought to have inspired Han Fei to create his own version, which has traditionally been read as a series of abstract warnings, describing situations which could lead to disaster for the monarch. This article argues that what Han Fei was actually doing was presenting a series of riddles for the reader to guess, each of which alludes to a specific historical event. The “Wangzheng” thus reframes the “Shiji jie” in terms of both style and content, creating a new literary work.

Over a quarter of a century ago, as an insecure doctoral candidate at a US university, I was faced with the overwhelming task of presenting my research progress as a stipendium fellow at the Paul Sacher Foundation in Basel, Switzerland, in front of not only the Foundation’s supportive staff but also musicologists affiliated with the Foundation as members of the Board of Trustees. After I finished my less-than-satisfactory presentation on the German composer Wolfgang Rihm, whose music resists tightly knit modernist compositional language, one very prominent musicologist from a Berlin university made a comment that still resonates with me today, especially when I advise non-Japanese students on topics related to Japan’s musical culture: he said that I, as a Japanese person studying at a US university, was ‘brave’ for tackling ‘one of the most “German” composers of our time’. He also muttered that I would need to read Adorno (which I had done but did not incorporate into my presentation), since Adorno’s texts are key to understanding the ‘Germanness’ of Rihm’s music. Perhaps it was his way of kindly reminding me that I would have no chance of acquiring a career as a German music specialist. However, I was still taken aback, especially since my nationality had never been a factor in evaluating my research output in the US.

Cinco do Oriente is Timor-Leste’s most famous band. It was active for a relatively short period (1972 to 1975) and mainly performed songs made famous by Western groups. Yet Cinco do Oriente is praised today as a pioneer of the local music scene. The band was definitely popular, but it was not the only one performing at the time, and it was not the first. It is argued here that Cinco do Oriente has become a legend, not because of its music, but as a symbol of the resistance movement against Indonesia. This is because three of its members are believed to have been killed by the Indonesian military due to alleged revolutionary activities. This is discussed referencing various popular culture theorists. The article also examines the development of other bands of the era, Portuguese and Indonesian cultural missions in Timor, the Indonesian invasion and occupation, and other matters.

In the recent history of private law theory, the task of restoring interpersonal justice to a position of chief importance has been undertaken by those who draw from the wellsprings of Kantian philosophy. But in defining the domain of interpersonal justice, Kantians have also narrowly confined it. In this article I offer a post-Kantian approach, taking reference from a method well established in political and moral philosophy, but yet to make a comprehensive impact on private law: contractualism. Contractualism anchors what we owe each other in the notion of interpersonal justification, offering a fresh understanding of persons, nexuses and relational reasoning. I show how this approach tackles key questions in private law – its institutions of empowerment, primary entitlements, remedial norms and practices, and the division of labour between public and private spheres – in a manner preferable to Kantian theory.

Sri Lanka’s Indigenous Vedda community, also known as Vanniyalaththo, has profound relationships with nature that are not recognized by the country’s colonial history and, subsequently, its Western-influenced legal framework. This article explores how the gap between relational Vedda laws and state-based law in Sri Lanka can be bridged. It suggests that the emerging paradigms of legal personhood and Rights of Nature, which acknowledge the more-than-instrumental values of nature, can serve as a starting point for bridging this gap. By exploring the relational ontologies of Vedda law, this article advocates broader recognition of Vedda worldviews within the existing state-based law in Sri Lanka and highlights the role of Indigenous communities as non-state actors in shaping more-than-human governance.

This paper investigates a continuous-time multidimensional risk model with stochastic returns driven by a geometric Lévy process, where each main claim is accompanied by a random number of delayed claims. By employing a framework of multivariate regular variation for claim sizes and allowing for arbitrarily dependent claim-number processes, we conduct asymptotic analyses for two types of ruin probabilities. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the accuracy of our asymptotic estimates.

Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia is a rare arrhythmia that poses significant management challenges. This report presents a case of neonatal-onset congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia treated with cedilanid, amiodarone, and propafenone but persisted in episodes. Sinus rhythm was restored following the initiation of ivabradine therapy. The review of the literature indicates that ivabradine demonstrates efficacy in the treatment of paediatric junctional ectopic tachycardia, particularly in refractory cases, without significant side effects. These findings suggest that ivabradine has broad applications in the treatment of refractory arrhythmias.

Les recherches récentes montrent que les femmes en politique sont particulièrement exposées à l’hostilité en ligne. Lors des élections provinciales de 2022 au Québec, plusieurs politiciennes ont été victimes de menaces et d’abus en ligne et des cas similaires ont été observés à travers le Canada. Face à cette prévalence, cet article propose un cadre théorique féministe, s’appuyant sur les travaux de Nancy Fraser et le féminisme intersectionnel, dans le but de mieux comprendre les diverses formes de cyberviolence subies par les politiciennes et leurs effets sur leur participation politique. En combinant justice sociale et oppressions croisées, l’article offre une analyse des dynamiques de pouvoir et souligne l’importance de contrer ces violences pour préserver la démocratie et les droits fondamentaux des femmes.

We solve the dry ten Martini problem for the unitary almost-Mathieu operator with Diophantine frequencies in the non-critical regime.

This population-based cross-sectional study investigated the complex interplay of factors influencing high ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption among Brazilian adolescents using a hierarchical socioecological model. Data from 100,028 adolescents (13-17 years) enrolled in public and private schools nationwide were collected via self-administered questionnaires from the 2019 National School Health Survey. High UPF consumption was defined as ≥7 subgroups consumed on the previous day based on the NOVA classification. Poisson regression adjusted for complex sampling and hierarchical structure identified Prevalence Ratios (PR) for associated factors. High UPF consumption was significantly associated with younger age (PR=1.22; 95%CI 1.11-1.34), regular breakfast consumption (PR=1.32; 95%CI 1.23-1.42), regular screen time during meals (PR=1.36; 95%CI 1.27-1.45), frequent UPF purchases at and around school (PR for canteen: 1.57; 95%CI 1.43-1.72; street vendors: 1.71; 95%CI 1.55-1.89), higher maternal education (PR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.36), and lower parental supervision (PR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.62). Living in the South (PR 1.50, 95% CI 1.34-1.69), Southeast (PR 1.30, 95% CI 1.17-1.44) and Midwest regions (PR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34) also correlated with higher consumption. Conversely, high body satisfaction and attending private school showed an inverse association. These findings underscore the intricate, multilevel influences on UPF consumption among Brazilian adolescents. Integrated interventions, spanning schools, family environments, and public policies, are crucial for promoting healthier eating habits and preventing obesity in this vulnerable population.