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158537 results in Cambridge Library Collection

Page 48 of 7927

Shinto
  • The Ancient Religion of Japan
  • W. G. Aston
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    05 March 2015
    First published in:
    1907
  • The diplomat and Japanese and Korean scholar William George Aston (1841–1911) wrote several highly regarded publications, particularly on the Japanese language. Condensed from his more comprehensive 1905 study of the subject, this 1907 work is a brief introduction to Shinto, the indigenous religion of Japan. Based on the worship of nature and ancestor spirits, Shinto has evolved throughout its history, particularly under Buddhist and Confucian influence. In the late nineteenth century it played a notable role in the revival of Japanese nationalism, and continued to be central to public life until 1945. This work focuses on describing Shinto's general character, and its myths and practices, drawing on early written sources based on the oral tradition. Aston's work has been criticised for its dependence on philological study of the early texts, but his expertise is undeniable. His groundbreaking History of Japanese Literature (1899) is also reissued in this series.

A Personal Narrative of the Discovery of the North-West Passage
  • While in Search of the Expedition under Sir John Franklin
  • Alexander Armstrong
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    14 July 2011
    First published in:
    1857
  • The H.M.S. Investigator spent the years 1850–4 in the Western Arctic engaged in a search for the lost expedition of the explorer Sir John Franklin. In this 1857 publication Alexander Armstrong (1818–99), surgeon and naturalist to the ship, gives a first-hand account of life on board during the voyage, as testimony to the 'heroism, devotion, and endurance' of his shipmates. He describes the harsh conditions that the crew had to endure, and argues convincingly that no travel 'more thoroughly tests man's powers of endurance, both morally and physically' than travelling in the Arctic. He also notes that lemon juice proved the most effective remedy against scurvy. Armstrong's natural history research was cut short when the ship was abandoned and his collections left behind, but he includes an appendix listing the animals and birds observed on the voyage, and the Arctic plants collected by a friend and colleague.

An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth
  • And Terrestrial Bodyes, Especially Minerals
  • John Woodward
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    30 October 2014
  • For the physician and natural historian John Woodward (c.1655–1728), fossils were the key to unlocking the mystery of the Earth's past, which he attempted to do in this controversial work, first published in 1695 and here reissued in the 1723 third edition. Woodward argues that the 'whole Terrestrial Globe was taken all to Pieces, and dissolved at the Deluge', and that fossilised remains were proof of the flood as described in the Bible. In the first part of the work, Woodward examines other theories of the Earth's history before presenting evidence - much of it based on his own fossil collection - in support of his theory. The work immediately prompted heated debate among his scientific contemporaries. Despite the controversy, Woodward was acknowledged as an expert on fossil classification, cementing this reputation with his influential Fossils of All Kinds (1728), which is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.

The Grammar of Science
  • Karl Pearson
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    18 December 2014
    First published in:
    1892
  • First published in 1892, this important work by the mathematician Karl Pearson (1857–1936) presents a thoroughly positivist account of the nature of science. Pearson claims that 'the scientific method is the sole gateway to the whole region of knowledge', rejecting additional fields of inquiry such as metaphysics. He also emphasises that science can, and should, describe only the 'how' of phenomena and never the 'why'. A scholar of King's College, Cambridge, and later a professor at King's College and University College London, Pearson made significant contributions to the philosophy of science. Including helpful chapter summaries, this book explores in detail a number of scientific concepts, such as matter, energy, space and time. The work influenced such thinkers as Albert Einstein, who considered it to be essential reading when he created his study group, the Olympia Academy, at the age of twenty-three.

The Classical Journal
  • Volume 12, September–December 1815
  • Edited by Abraham John Valpy, Edmund Henry Barker
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    28 February 2013
    First published in:
    1815
  • A precursor of modern academic journals, this quarterly periodical, published between 1810 and 1829 and now reissued in forty volumes, was founded and edited by Abraham John Valpy (1787–1854). Educated at Pembroke College, Oxford, Valpy established himself in London as an editor and publisher, primarily of classical texts. Edmund Henry Barker (1788–1839), who had studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, became a contributor and then co-editor of this journal, which fuelled a scholarly feud with the editors of the Museum criticum (1813–26), a rival periodical (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection). Although its coverage overlapped with that of its competitor, the Classical Journal also included general literary and antiquarian articles as well as Oxford and Cambridge prize poems and examination papers. It remains a valuable resource, illuminating the development of nineteenth-century classical scholarship and academic journals. Volume 12 contains the September and December issues for 1815.

The Gentleman Farmer
  • Being an Attempt to Improve Agriculture by Subjecting it to the Test of Rational Principles
  • Henry Home, Lord Kames
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    18 December 2014
    First published in:
    1776
  • Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782) gained recognition as an advocate at the Scottish bar, and subsequently as a judge whose writings on the philosophy, theory and practice of the law were hugely influential. However, he also took great interest in agriculture, and his wife's inheritance of a large estate in 1766 particularly focused his energies. The first edition of this work, published in 1776, rapidly became popular: reissued here is the enlarged second edition of 1779. Kames makes it clear that 'there never was in Scotland a period more favourable to agriculture than the present'. He begins with necessary equipment and moves on to describe the preparation of the ground, and the appropriate crops to grow for feeding to humans or cattle. This thoroughly practical work ends with an appendix in which the 'imperfection of Scotch husbandry' and a proposal for 'a board for improving agriculture' are discussed.

Old Time Gardens, Newly Set Forth
  • A Book of the Sweet o' the Year
  • Alice Morse Earle
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    18 December 2014
    First published in:
    1902
  • The American social historian and antiquarian Alice Morse Earle (1851–1911) published this work in 1901. She was a prolific writer of books and pamphlets on pre-revolutionary New England, and her writings were very popular with readers who took great interest in the social history and material culture of their country. In this work, which contains more than 200 illustrations, Earle describes the historic and modern gardens of the north-eastern seaboard, the gardening activities - for pleasure as well as for food - of early settlers, and the progress of plant-hunters and nursery-men such as John Bartram in discovering and categorising new specimens, as well as the introduction into the United States of cottage garden favourites from Europe and exotica from the Far East. Earle's Sundials and Roses of Yesterday (1902) is also reissued in this series.

A History of Greece
  • From its Conquest by the Romans to the Present Time, B.C. 146 to A.D. 1864
  • Volume 1, Greece under the Romans
  • George Finlay
  • Edited by H. F. Tozer
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    06 November 2014
    First published in:
    1877
  • A participant in the Greek struggle for independence alongside Lord Byron, the philhellene George Finlay (1799–1875) lent his support to the newly liberated nation while diligently studying its past. The monographs he published in his lifetime covered the history of Greece since the Roman conquest, spanning two millennia. His two-volume History of the Greek Revolution (1861) is reissued separately in this series. Edited by the scholar Henry Fanshawe Tozer (1829–1916) and published in 1877, this seven-volume collection brought together Finlay's histories, incorporating significant revisions. Notably, Finlay gives due consideration to social and economic factors as well as high politics. Volume 1 spans the years 146 BCE to 716 CE. It covers the conquest of Greece by the Romans, and the establishment of the eastern empire. Charting the internal struggles of early Byzantium, Finlay takes the history up to the accession of Leo III.

My Recollections of Lord Byron
  • And Those of Eye-Witnesses of his Life
  • Volume 1
  • Teresa Guiccioli
  • Translated by Hubert E. H. Jerningham
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    28 August 2014
    First published in:
    1869
  • This two-volume work was originally published in French, and anonymously, in 1868. In 1869, Richard Bentley published an English translation by Hubert E. H. Jerningham, in which he stated that the work 'is the production of the celebrated Countess Guiccioli'. Teresa Guiccioli (1800–73) was nineteen, and married to a much older man, when she first met Byron in Venice. Their subsequent love affair lasted until Byron left for Greece, together with her brother Pietro Gamba, whose account of Byron's last days is also reissued in this series. Anxious to restore Byron's reputation, which she believed to be tainted by a conflation in the public mind between the poet and his more notorious characters, she attempts to refute some of the more scandalous assertions about his life. Volume 1 covers such topics as Byron's childhood, his 'benevolence and kindness', and the 'qualities of his heart and soul'.

Elements of Geology
  • Charles Lyell
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    06 November 2014
  • Between 1830 and 1833, Charles Lyell (1797–1875) published his three-volume Principles of Geology, which has also been reissued in this series. The work's renown stems partly from the fact that the young Charles Darwin, on his voyage around the world aboard the Beagle, became influenced by Lyell's ideas relating to gradual change across large spans of time. Shaping the development of scientific enquiry in Britain and beyond, Lyell was determined to disconnect geology from religion. He originally intended some of the present work, first published in 1838, to be a supplement to the Principles, but later expanded it to serve as a general introduction to geology. The topics covered include the formation of various rock types, matters of field geology, and how the presence of marine fossils above sea level could be explained by the land rising, rather than the sea retreating. Many salient points are illustrated with woodcuts.

Reminiscences of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey
  • Joseph Cottle
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    11 December 2014
    First published in:
    1847
  • Published in 1847 by Joseph Cottle (1770–1853), this work recounts his relationship with Coleridge and Southey, whom he first met in 1794 as a successful bookseller in Bristol. Cottle went on to finance a number of the Romantic poets' publications, including Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads (1798), which is seen as marking the start of Romanticism. A reworking of Cottle's controversial Early Recollections (1837), Reminiscences was criticised upon publication for being exaggerated and misleading, coloured by the breakdown of the author's friendship with the poets, as well as revealing information about disputes, moneylending and Coleridge's opium addiction. In spite of its shortcomings, the work gives a uniquely valuable insight into the lives and characters of the Romantic poets by a member of their inner circle. Cottle's memoir has much to reveal about the poets' private lives and artistic influences during a key moment in the Romantic period.

Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles des quadrupèdes
  • Volume 4
  • Georges Cuvier
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    12 March 2015
  • Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), one of the founding figures of vertebrate palaeontology, pursued a successful scientific career despite the political upheavals in France during his lifetime. In the 1790s, Cuvier's work on fossils of large mammals including mammoths enabled him to show that extinction was a scientific fact. In 1812 Cuvier published this four-volume illustrated collection of his papers on palaeontology, osteology (notably dentition) and stratigraphy. It was followed in 1817 by his famous Le règne animal, available in the Cambridge Library Collection both in French and in Edward Griffith's expanded English translation (1827–35). Volume 4 of Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles focuses first on ruminants, horses and pigs. Cuvier then discusses fossils of carnivores, including bears, hyenas and big cats. The book concludes by describing fossil sloths, and the oviparous reptiles found in older strata, such as crocodiles, turtles, and marine dinosaurs.

The Family Pen
  • Memorials, Biographical and Literary, of the Taylor Family of Ongar
  • Volume 1
  • Isaac Taylor
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    20 November 2014
    First published in:
    1867
  • Isaac Taylor (1787–1865) was known as Isaac Taylor of Stanford Rivers, to distinguish him from his father, Isaac Taylor of Ongar, engraver and dissenting minister. He, his brother Jefferys, and their sisters Ann and Jane, were all writers, and their mother was the well-known 'Mrs Taylor of Ongar', some of whose books are also reissued in this series. The younger Isaac felt drawn to the Church of England, and made a name for himself with studies of the Church Fathers and the classics (he is said to have coined the word 'patristic'). This two-volume collection of writings by three generations of the Taylor family was compiled and published in 1867 by the Isaac Taylor of the next generation. Volume 1 contains Taylor of Stanford Rivers's 'Family Pen', an appreciation of him by his son, and his memoir of his sister Jane, a well-known writer for children.

The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe, of Hull, and Captain Thomas James, of Bristol, in Search of a North-West Passage, in 1631–32
  • With Narratives of the Earlier North-West Voyages of Frobisher, Davis and Others
  • Volume 1
  • Edited by Miller Christy
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    20 May 2010
    First published in:
    1894
  • The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Volumes 88–89 (1884) contain accounts of two captains' searches for a North-West Passage to Asia in 1631. Their explorations were beset by bad weather. Foxe circumnavigated Hudson's Bay before retreating, while James became ice-bound for the winter, losing several members of his crew before retuning to England a year after Foxe. No new attempts were made for another century, as their accounts of the harrowing conditions they endured discouraged further voyages of exploration for the desired trade route.

Oeuvres complètes
  • Series 1
  • Volume 1
  • Augustin-Louis Cauchy
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    20 July 2009
    First published in:
    1882
  • Augustin-Louis, Baron Cauchy (1789–1857) was the pre-eminent French mathematician of the nineteenth century. He began his career as a military engineer during the Napoleonic Wars, but even then was publishing significant mathematical papers, and was persuaded by Lagrange and Laplace to devote himself entirely to mathematics. His greatest contributions are considered to be the Cours d'analyse de l'École Royale Polytechnique (1821), Résumé des leçons sur le calcul infinitésimal (1823) and Leçons sur les applications du calcul infinitésimal à la géométrie (1826–8), and his pioneering work encompassed a huge range of topics, most significantly real analysis, the theory of functions of a complex variable, and theoretical mechanics. Twenty-six volumes of his collected papers were published between 1882 and 1958. The first series (volumes 1-12) consists of papers published by the Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France; the second series (volumes 13-26) of papers published elsewhere.

Operations Carried On at the Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837
  • With an Account of a Voyage into Upper Egypt, and an Appendix
  • Volume 2
  • Howard Vyse
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    11 December 2014
    First published in:
    1840
  • An army officer and politician, Richard William Howard Vyse (1784–53) also made his mark as an Egyptologist. This three-volume work, published in 1840–2, has remained an instructive resource in Egyptology up to the present day. Adopting the style of a journal, with illustrations and diagrams throughout, it narrates in detail his excavations at Giza, surveying and measuring the pyramids. Following Vyse's return to England, the work was continued by the engineer and surveyor John Shae Perring (1813–69). Vyse gives observations of his travels, and of the landscape, people and architecture he encountered, as well as details of the important work he carried out. Most notable was his discovery, using gunpowder, of four new chambers in the Great Pyramid containing 'quarry marks' - graffiti by the pyramid builders. Volume 2 (1840) contains detailed descriptions of the excavation of several pyramids and their contents, and appendices with extensive measurements.

The Huguenots
  • Their Settlements, Churches, and Industries in England and Ireland
  • Samuel Smiles
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    05 March 2015
    First published in:
    1867
  • One of the most popular Victorian writers, Samuel Smiles (1812–1904) made his name in 1859 with the original self-improvement manual, Self-Help. His highly successful multi-volume Lives of the Engineers contained biographies of men who had, like him, achieved greatness not through privilege but through hard work. In this 1867 book, Smiles examines the part played in British society and economic life by the Protestants who either left France to escape religious persecution or were expelled after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. The appeal of the topic to Smiles probably lay in the proverbial industry and hard work of these refugees, who arrived penniless but rapidly made their way to prosperity, to social acceptance, and, in only two or three generations, to some of the highest positions in the land. This fascinating work covers the history of the Huguenots and discusses some of their famous descendants.

The Temple of the Andes
  • Richard Inwards
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    20 November 2014
    First published in:
    1884
  • Richard Inwards (1840–1937) won renown as the author of the highly popular Weather Lore (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection). For many years he worked as a mine manager, and in 1866, while working in Bolivia, he visited the site of Tiwanaku. Although the ruins of this once great city were first described by the conquistadores, it was not until the nineteenth century, with the development of more rigorous archaeological methods, that the site began to be more fully studied. Although published in 1884, this brief account is based on Inwards' 1866 visit, and so is contemporaneous with the work there by E. G. Squier. Pre-dating many of the earliest studies, the book is well illustrated with sketches and plans. The text describes the structures that Inwards observed, provides current thinking as to their possible purpose and original characteristics, and also offers remarks on the local people and culture of the present day.

The Great Auk, or Garefowl
  • Its History, Archaeology, and Remains
  • Symington Grieve
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    05 March 2015
    First published in:
    1885
  • The great auk (Pinguinus impennis, formerly Alca impennis), a flightless bird of the north Atlantic, became extinct in the mid-1850s because of over-hunting - apart from being used as a food source and as fish-bait, its down was used for feather beds, and efforts in the early nineteenth century to reduce the slaughter were not effective. The last breeding pair was killed in 1844. This 1885 work by Scottish naturalist and scientist Symington Grieve (1850–1932) collects together 'a considerable amount of literature bearing upon the 'History, Archaeology, and Remains' of this extinct bird'. The material includes articles on the historic distribution of the great auk, its known habits, its various names, and information on all the surviving specimens, whether stuffed, skeletal, bones, or eggs. The book is illustrated with drawings and lithographs of auk remains, and an appendix supplies historical and contemporary documents on the auk from all over Europe.

The Primeval Antiquities of Denmark
  • Translated, and Applied to the Illustration of Similar Remains in England
  • Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae
  • Translated by William J. Thoms
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    05 March 2015
    First published in:
    1849
  • The antiquarian William J. Thoms (1803–85) is probably best remembered today for founding the journal Notes and Queries and for having coined the term 'folk lore'. He undertook the translation of this work by the Danish archaeologist Jens Worsaae (1821–85) because he felt (as Worsaae says himself) that 'the primeval national antiquities of the British islands have never hitherto been brought into a scientific arrangement'. Believing that this had arisen partly because of the difficulty of distinguishing between some of the many different cultures in Britain's past, Thoms also felt that British interpretations of finds were too frequently beset by 'fanciful theories'. Cultural ties between Britain and Denmark during the Dark Ages meant that finds in Denmark could illuminate British discoveries, and vice versa: Worsaae's work could therefore guide future excavations in Britain. Highly influential and illustrated with woodcuts, this translation first appeared in 1849.

Page 48 of 7927