This chapter explores deep learning methods for network analysis, focusing on graph neural networks (GNNs) and diffusion-based approaches. We introduce GNNs through a drug discovery case study, demonstrating how molecular structures can be analyzed as networks. The chapter covers GNN architecture, training processes, and their ability to learn complex network representations without explicit feature engineering. We then examine diffusion-based methods, which use random walks to develop network embeddings. These techniques are compared and contrasted with earlier spectral approaches, highlighting their capacity to capture nonlinear relationships and local network structures. Practical implementations using frameworks such as PyTorch Geometric illustrate the application of these methods to large-scale network datasets, showcasing their power in addressing complex network problems across various domains.

Mapping the statements of Afro-Cuban artists on the Afrodescendant social condition and their cultural heritage during the revolutionary period, this chapter delves into the Afro-centric art of Manuel Mendive, Rafael Queneditt, Rogelio Rodríguez Cobas, and others who, during the 1960s–1980s, pointed their emphasis to the Yoruba and Bantú worlds that shaped Antillean societies despite the regime’s religious intolerance. Along with Adelaida Herrera Valdés, Julia Valdés Borrero, and others, they formed the Group Antillano, the first visual art collective grounded on notions of Afrodescendant consciousness that Cuba had ever experienced. The chapter moves chronologically, noting how what could constitute the groundbreaking “New Cuban Art” of the post-1959 period is not Volumen I, but the art of the Queloides collective. While their works were not the first to be concerned with issues of structural racism, they were an unprecedented endeavor that moved beyond previous reformist visions and instead aimed to dismantle the fundamental tenets of Cuban national narratives. The chapter concludes with the internationalization of Afro-Cuban art and how migration and diaspora shape the work of contemporary Afro-Cuban artists.

Q1: E

Chapter 5 examines how George Herbert confronts the profound limits on human capacities to create worldly security. The security dilemmas Hebert addresses derive from a tension built into the basic organizing metaphor of his theological vision, an understanding of God as a king. On the one hand, Herbert understands faithful devotion to require a perpetual payment of praise. Herbert offers his poems as a kind of fiscal payment, a mode of praise and devotion that he wishes, in turn, to correspond with divine protective care. On the other hand, Herbert’s fiscal theology must accommodate a God whose care frequently manifests as affliction and who understands worldly security as antithetical to faith. This chapter focuses on how Herbert confronts the disconnect between these distinct definitions of security and strives to reconcile God’s sovereign concern for his subjects’ eternal salvation and the need for protection and care in this world.

‘The Personified Will’ examines how the faculty of the will was depicted as a personified character in English Renaissance plays. The will was portrayed in a variety of benevolent and malevolent guises, yet the function of these characters has not yet been integrated into our appreciation of the era’s dramatic conventions. I argue that we may more fully appreciate the ways that dramatists queried the practical expression of individual liberty, identity, and civil harmony by attending to a historically disregarded set of Will characters (from Sebastian Westcott’s The Marriage of Wit and Science to William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night). The performance of the personified will offers important, but hitherto overlooked, evidence of how playwrights attempted to scrutinize the nature of human freedom and social concord, and the extent to which personifications of the will were used to legitimize contemporary systems of status and authority. Exploring the actions of honourable and corrupt personifications of the will provides a way to elucidate the ethical predicaments associated with will’s performance, which the second chapter of this book examines in more detail.

In this chapter, Catherine Morris focuses on the Revival as part of a revolutionary era in Irish history, an era that saw the formation of national identity and national institutions. She shows how revival feminism links the freedom of Ireland to the freedom of women by focusing on the artistic work and social and political thought of neglected or under-studied feminists and activists such as Maud Gonne, Lady Augusta Gregory, Eva Gore-Booth, and Helena Molony. Prominent in this group of activist feminists was Alice Milligan. Milligan’s writings offer a rich context for grasping the idea that activist feminists shaped the Revival and provided an intersectional political space for women. She provides a way to reconsider the importance of the Irish Revival and to emphasize forgotten or neglected elements of it. Morris’s research on revival feminism, but especially her work on Milligan, becomes itself part of the revivalist continuum of political engagement.

This chapter traces the rise of a market-critical vision of human rights in the solidarity movement with Central America. From 1977 onward, solidarity activists (including New Leftists, liberationist Christians, advocates connected to Social Democracy, and radical humanitarians) supported the revolutionary struggles in Nicaragua and El Salvador. Before 1979, solidarity activists and emissaries from the Sandinista guerrilla employed the politics of emergency to vilify the regimes of Anastasio Somoza in Nicaragua and Carlos Humberto Romero in El Salvador. After their overthrow in 1979, solidarity activists traded the politics of emergency for a politics of revolution. Activists came to believe that building social justice in Central America necessitated revolutionary state building. Market-critical human rights served solidarity activists to defend the Salvadoran guerrilla and the Sandinistas, even as they were accused of violating the rights of ethnic and political minorities. Market-critical activists refused to see the politics of revolution as a choice between morality and social justice; rather, they saw revolutionary social justice as the precondition for a moral society.

In this chapter, Ben Levitas investigates forms of distance and temporal indeterminacy legible in the latter-day revivalist drama of Marina Carr and Brian Friel. In their works, strategies of distance, of “paratheatricality,” seek not to avoid representation but to link it to more authentic experiences for the audience. Both playwrights create a theatre of hope, a theatre for and of the future that testifies to a continuance of the Revival’s main themes and concerns (particularly with respect to time), despite their rejection of the idealism of so many early revivalist works. Friel and Carr achieve a transposition of dramatic life from the stage to the audience – that is to say, from the stage to actual life – which is, in its turn, captured in the dramatic work. Theatrical words are forms of political action insofar as strategies of performative distance and alienation find their place in dramatic productions that support a “grammar of change.”

Question 1: Which of the following conditions is the most common significant co-morbid disorder in adult patients with gender dysphoria?

Chapter 45 covers the topic of paedophilic disorders. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the management of patients with paedophilic disorder from first presentation to subsequent complications of the conditions and its treatment. Topics covered include diagnosis, emotional congruence, risk factors, co-morbidities, management and sexual recidivism.

The chapter describes the contemporary history of efforts to manage risks to global financial stability. States seek to control the capital markets upon which they depend. But they sometimes also open them up, both to attract foreign investment capital and to provide outlets for national investments abroad. This makes them harder to control with national regulatory and supervisory policies and practices alone. Ever since the end of World War II, despite periodic crises and attendant backsliding, a trend toward capital market openness has gathered pace. Mindful of past sorrows, banks and other intermediaries, as well as the governments licensing and overseeing them, have sought new ways to cover the rising risks involved. Their joint project may accurately be viewed as an increasingly complex experiment in global reinsurance-as-governance. Unlike the nuclear case, the politics enabling it have been improvisatory, and relevant policy decisions have mainly been ad hoc in nature. This is explained by the sensitivity of the fiscal commitments implicated.

In his chapter, Christopher Morash examines the modern myth of Revival, which takes the form of what Roland Barthes calls a new “mythic concept.” A good example of this form of myth is the story Yeats tells of meeting Synge in Paris, a meeting that Morash claims did not necessarily have to take place in order for the story to acquire a mythic function. A more substantial instance of the myth of Revival emerges from Synge’s interest in philosophy and science, particularly the work of Herbert Spencer, which enabled him to create a mythic vision of nature based on the ambivalent relationship between the observer and natural world they observe. Synge’s reading of Spencer ultimately leads him to confront early on a central problem of later modernist writers, that is, the instability of the subject/object relationship and the “ambivalent revival” of the observer’s perspective in aesthetic production.

Sam Issacharoff (NYU Law), a leading law professor and litigator, and Hon. Beverly Martin (NYU Law), formerly of the US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, after sketching a bracing account of the origins of the current access-to-justice crisis, ask why changing legal services regulation won’t suffice to solve it. Focusing on debt collection lawsuits – currently the modal case in the entire American civil legal system – they show how much of the current crisis stems from adversarial asymmetries resulting from new species of institutional litigants that leverage scale economies and potent new technologies to assembly-line cases through the legal system. They outline a number of potential solutions to better way to contend with the stunning scale of the current access challenges.

While the field of European law scholarship has long maintained a form of ‘colonial amnesia’, this chapter considers the growing literature that has emerged over the past few years studying the entanglements between European law projects and (post)colonialism. The chapter first suggests a new analytical framework to assess these ‘entanglements’ and ‘continuities’ by looking at three ‘carriers of continuity’ in the law: biographies of multiple-positioned lawyers; forms of legal knowledge; institutions and professions in the European field of law. As it looks at European law projects from the margins and peripheries, this new stream of research can transform our understanding of European law which looks less like the ‘cathedral’ often praised by scholars and more like a complex ‘archipelago’, the legal borders and principles of which are uncertain and unequal.