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This Element revisits the historiographical and archaeological paradigms of Roman rural economies, with a particular focus on the peasant communities of Roman Iberia. Traditionally overshadowed by the dominance of the villa schiavistica model, which centers on large-scale slave-operated agricultural estates, recent interdisciplinary research has unveiled the complexity and persistence of peasant economies. By integrating data from archaeological surveys, rescue excavations, and textual analyses, this volume highlights the significance of dispersed settlements, small-scale farms, and sustainable agrarian strategies that defined the peasant landscape. Case studies from diverse sectors of the Iberian Peninsula demonstrate diverse modes of land use, such as intensive cultivation, crop rotation, and manuring, which contrast with the economic assumptions tied to elite-dominated production models. Furthermore, the author explores Roman peasants' socio-economic structures and adaptive strategies, emphasizing their pivotal role in shaping landscapes. This Element advocates for reexamining Roman peasantries as active and complex agents in ancient history.
This groundbreaking environmental history recounts the story of Russia's fossil economy from its margins. Unpacking the forgotten history of how peat fuelled manufacturing industries and power plants in late Imperial and Soviet Russia, Katja Bruisch provides a corrective to more familiar historical narratives dominated by coal, oil, and gas. Attentive to the intertwined histories of matter and labor during a century of industrial peat extraction, she offers a fresh perspective on the modern Russian economy that moves beyond the socialism/capitalism binary. By identifying peat extraction in modern Russia as a crucial chapter in the degradation of the world's peatlands, Bruisch makes a compelling case for paying attention to seemingly marginal places, people, and resources as we tell the histories of the planetary emergency.
This book presents a comprehensive account of China's evolving international energy relations (IER) as the world's largest energy user transitions from fossil fuels to renewables amidst significant geopolitical shifts. It introduces an original analytic framework for IER, focusing on three interconnected dimensions: the international business activities of energy companies at the micro level, state energy diplomacy and energy statecraft at the state level, and the nation's engagements with the global energy governance at the global level. Drawing an extensive range of Chinese and English-languages sources and employing novel perspectives, the book provides a timely analysis on this significant phenomenon. It constructs a compelling narrative on the profound impact of China's domestic energy transition and the changing geopolitical landscape on the country's international energy engagements.
The Middle Ages laid the foundations for the long European and Middle Eastern history of voyaging, colonialism, and expansion: the Papal embassies that took over a year of overland travel to reach Mongolia, Ibn Battuta's thirty years of voyaging to Africa and East Asia, or the arrival of European colonialism in the Americas. With a focus on medieval Europe, this is the first book to cover global medieval travel writing from Iceland to Indonesia, providing unrivalled insight into the experiences of early travellers. Paying special attention to race, gender and manuscript culture, the volume's vast geographical and linguistic range provides expert coverage of Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, and Chinese literature. An essential resource for teaching and research, the collection challenges established views of the Middle Ages and Western ideas of history.
In late antiquity as in the present age, death left its mark on the lives of families, communities, and societies. Syriac funerary hymns provide important insights into the social, emotional, funerary ritual histories of early Christian communities. Maria Doerfler here explores this body of largely ignored literature that has been attributed to Ephrem the Syrian. Different parts of the collection focus on individuals from a variety of social and ecclesiastical backgrounds: women and children, clergy and ascetics, as well as those who fell victim to natural disasters. The hymns provide insights not only into Syriac Christian ideas about death and the afterlife, but also into their existence, beliefs, and practices more broadly. Through engagement with different theoretical lenses, Doerfler uses instances of personal and communal crisis to elucidate historical and philosophical patterns among late antique Christians, addressing, inter alia, their responses to pandemics, understanding of wealth, and forging communal bonds that transcended death.
Five Economies of World Literature is a comprehensive revision of nineteenth-century conceptualizations of 'world literature' in view of their intersections with economic thought. The book demonstrates that with a routinized identification of world literature as the cultural manifestation of modern capitalism, recent discussions have lost sight of an important historical and conceptual dynamic. Based on reinterpretations of the work of Goethe, Thomas Carlyle, Fichte, Hugó von Meltzl, and Marx, the chapters center on five economic notions (free trade, the gift, central planning, protectionism, and common ownership) that have shaped the theory and praxis of transnational exchange. At a time of profound reconfigurations in global political, cultural, and economic landscapes, this analysis deepens our historical understanding of cross-cultural encounters and also offers a better grasp of many of our current concerns about the globalization of cultural production and consumption.
Few authors attract as much fascination as 'Michael Field', thecollaborative pseudonym of Katharine Bradley (1846–1914) and Edith Cooper (1862–1913), an aunt and niece living and working together in devoted fellowship. As Michael Field, Bradley and Cooper published over thirty volumes of poetry and verse drama across a career lasting from the 1880s to the 1910s. Here, chapters by thirty-six experts introduce the historical and cultural contexts crucial to understanding Field's work, including the late-Victorian aesthetic and decadent movements, fin-de-siècle poetry, and debates around gender and sexuality. Michael Field's connections with other authors, including Wilde, Pater, and New Women writers are also explored. Experimental in lyric poetry, ekphrasis, verse drama, and the prose poem, and fascinated by the ancient worlds of Greece, Rome and Egypt, the Renaissance, and the Romantic era, Michael Field's work remains profoundly relevant to current debates, including ecology, race, empire, and gender non-conformity.
Since the advent of Web 2.0, the interaction of user-generated content on participatory platforms has democratized content creation and reshaped communication, identity, authority, and knowledge across various fields, from health to politics, amid the post-truth phenomena. This timely book provides essential insights into the transformative effects of the evolving digital landscape. It gives a comprehensive analysis of how areas such as health, politics, and language ideology have been influenced by digital communication, and explores how online spaces have amplified minority voices, promoting inclusion and representation, while also addressing the backlash that challenges human rights associated with Internet use and the free exchange of information. The book also examines the intersection of law and digital crime, revealing the legal challenges posed by the online world. As our understanding of identity, knowledge, and authority increasingly intersects with Generative AI, it also discusses the impact of intelligent tools and the challenges they present.
Designed for graduate students, instructors, and seasoned researchers, this is an essential guide for robust research design and methodology in applied linguistics, covering qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research. It adopts a structured approach, starting with the foundational principles of research design, methodology, and data collection and analysis, to writing and interpreting, explaining, and reporting research results, bringing together all the steps and processes of research from start to finish in one single volume in a way that is practical, easy to follow, and easy to understand. Throughout, the emphasis is on the process of research and the application of various research techniques and principles across different areas. These characteristics, coupled with numerous pedagogical features such as key term reviews, visuals, research scenarios, and many discussion and activity questions, make the book an indispensable reference and a valuable textbook for courses in second language and applied linguistics research.
Every five years, the World Congress of the Econometric Society brings together scholars from around the world. Leading scholars present state-of-the-art overviews of their areas of research, offering newcomers access to key research in economics. Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Twelfth World Congress consist of papers and commentaries presented at the Twelfth World Congress of the Econometric Society. This two-volume set includes surveys and interpretations of key developments in economics and econometrics, and discussion of future directions for a variety of topics, covering both theory and application. The first volume addresses such topics as contract theory, industrial organization, health and human capital, as well as racial justice, while the second volume includes theoretical and applied papers on climate change, time series econometrics, and causal inference. These papers are invaluable for experienced economists seeking to broaden their knowledge or young economists new to the field.
Every five years, the World Congress of the Econometric Society brings together scholars from around the world. Leading scholars present state-of-the-art overviews of their areas of research, offering newcomers access to key research in economics. Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Twelfth World Congress consist of papers and commentaries presented at the Twelfth World Congress of the Econometric Society. This two-volume set includes surveys and interpretations of key developments in economics and econometrics, and discussion of future directions for a variety of topics, covering both theory and application. The first volume addresses such topics as contract theory, industrial organization, health and human capital, as well as racial justice, while the second volume includes theoretical and applied papers on climate change, time series econometrics, and causal inference. These papers are invaluable for experienced economists seeking to broaden their knowledge or young economists new to the field.
In today's globalized world, a deep understanding of how culture affects international business phenomena is critical to scholarship and practice. Yet, armed with only superficial measures of national cultural differences proliferated by easy-to-use, statistically testable, generalized classifications, scholars and practitioners find themselves stereotype rich and operationally poor where culture meets real-world international business context. “Culture” is much more complex: made up of various multifaceted and interacting spheres of influence – national, regional, institutional, organizational and functional – and enacted by individuals, many who are multicultural themselves. International business settings are therefore rife with multilevel cultural interactions as individuals with differing cultural assumptions work together in real time (often virtually) across distance and differentiated contexts. Ethnography is the most effective approach for gaining insights into such microlevel embedded cultural phenomena. This coursebook provides detailed examples of three types of ethnography especially suited to researching and building theory in today's complex cultural environments.
Colonial Caregivers offers a compelling cultural and social history of ayahs (nannies/maids), by exploring domestic intimacy and exploitation in colonial South Asia. Working for British imperial families from the mid-1700s to the mid-1900s, South Asian ayahs, as Chakraborty shows, not only provided domestic labor, but also provided important moral labor for the British Empire. The desexualized racialized ayah archetype upheld British imperial whiteness and sexual purity, and later Indian elite 'upper' caste domestic modernity. Chakraborty argues that the pervasive cultural sentimentalization of the ayah morally legitimized British colonialism, while obscuring the vulnerabilities of caregivers in real-life. Using an archive of petitions and letters from ayahs, fairytales they told to British children, court cases, and vernacular sources, Chakraborty foregrounds the precarious lives, voices, and perspectives of these women. By placing care labor at the center of colonial history, the book decolonizes the history of South Asia and the British Empire.
This Element analyzes Kant's metaphysics and epistemology of the exact science of nature. It explains his theory of true motion and ontology of matter. In addition, it reconstructs the patterns of evidential reasoning behind Kant's foundational doctrines.
Lean is one of the most widely used improvement approaches in healthcare. With origins in manufacturing, it focuses on improving efficiency, eliminating waste, and streamlining processes. This Element provides an overview of the evidence for the use of Lean in healthcare, summarises the supporting tools and techniques, and emphasises the importance of developing an organisational culture committed to continuous improvement. The authors offer two case studies of attempts to implement Lean at scale, noting that, despite its popularity, implementation is not straightforward. Challenges include terminology that isn't always easy to grasp, perceived dissonances between the manufacturing origins of Lean based on repetitive, standardised, automated production and the human-centred world of healthcare, and problems with fidelity. The authors make the case that there is a lack of a robust evidence base for Lean and call for well-designed studies to advance the implementation of Lean and associated process improvement techniques in healthcare. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Ling Li unveils the often-hidden inner workings of the Party as the ruler of a party-state. The Party has crafted and relied on an integrated regulatory system, where politics and law are fused, to govern both its internal operations and its relations with the state. Drawing on two decades of in-depth research, Li delves into the “black box” of decision-making in the Party-state, analysing the motivations and strategies driven individual and institutional choices in corruption, anti-corruption investigation, and power struggles at the Politburo. This insightful book reveals the critical role of rules and institutions within the Party, illuminates the complex relationship between corruption and regime stability, and captures the evolving dynamics of the Party-state relations. A must-read for students, academics, business leaders, and policymakers alike, this book is a vital guide for anyone who seeks a nuanced understanding of law, politics and governance in China and its global implications.
As managers digitize judgment using AI, their evaluations of persons risk imposing benefits and burdens in opaque and unaccountable ways. A wide range of harms may occur when access to one's personal data (and meaningful information about its use) is denied. Key data access rights and AI explainability guarantees in US. and EU law are designed to ameliorate the harms caused by irresponsible digitization, but their definition and range of application is contested. A robust policy evaluation framework will be needed to inform the proper level and scope of information access, as regulators clarify the contours of such rights and guarantees. By revealing the stakes of data access, this Element offers a useful evaluative framework for those interpreting and applying laws of data protection and AI explainability. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Bridging theory and practice in network data analysis, this guide offers an intuitive approach to understanding and analyzing complex networks. It covers foundational concepts, practical tools, and real-world applications using Python frameworks including NumPy, SciPy, scikit-learn, graspologic, and NetworkX. Readers will learn to apply network machine learning techniques to real-world problems, transform complex network structures into meaningful representations, leverage Python libraries for efficient network analysis, and interpret network data and results. The book explores methods for extracting valuable insights across various domains such as social networks, ecological systems, and brain connectivity. Hands-on tutorials and concrete examples develop intuition through visualization and mathematical reasoning. The book will equip data scientists, students, and researchers in applications using network data with the skills to confidently tackle network machine learning projects, providing a robust toolkit for data science applications involving network-structured data.