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Venal Origins is a comparative and historical study of the roots of spatial inequalities in Spanish America. The book focuses on the Spanish colonial administration and the 18th-century practice of office-selling-where colonial positions were exchanged for money-to analyze its lasting impact on local governance, regional disparities, and economic development. Drawing on three centuries of rich archival and administrative data, it demonstrates how office-selling exacerbated venality and profit-seeking behaviors among colonial officials, fostering indigenous segregation, violent uprisings, and the institutionalization of exploitative fiscal and labor systems. The enduring legacies from their rule remain visible today, in the form of subnational authoritarian enclaves, localized cycles of violence, and marginalized indigenous communities, which have reinforced and deepened regional inequalities. By integrating perspectives from history, political science, and economics, Venal Origins provides a nuanced and empirically grounded analysis of how colonial officials shaped-and still influence-subnational development in Spanish America.
Communication is central to the experience of illness and the provision of healthcare. This book showcases the insights that can be gained into health communication by means of corpus linguistics – the computer-aided linguistic analysis of large datasets of naturally occurring language use known as 'corpora'. The book takes readers through the stages that they must go through to carry out corpus linguistic research on health communication, from formulating research questions to disseminating findings to interested stakeholders. It helps readers anticipate and deal with different kinds of challenges they may encounter, and shows the variety of applications of the methods discussed, from interactions in Accident and Emergency departments, to online discussions of mental illness, and press representations of obesity. Providing the reader with a wide range of clear case studies, it makes the relevant methods and findings accessible, engaging and inspiring. This title is also available open access on Cambridge Core.
How did politicians deal with mass communication in a rapidly changing society? And how did the performance of public politics both help and hinder democratization? In this innovative study, Betto van Waarden explores the emergence of a new type of politician within a system of transnational media politics between 1890 and the onset of the First World War. These politicians situated media management at the centre of their work, as print culture rapidly expanded to form the fabric of modern life for a growing urban public. Transnational media politics transcended and transformed national politics, as news consumers across borders sought symbolic leaders to make sense of international conflicts. Politicians and Mass Media in the Age of Empire historicizes contemporary debates on media and politics. While transnational media politics partly disappeared with the World Wars and decolonization, these 'publicity politicians' set standards that have defined media politics ever since.
Reckoning with Law in Excess offers a ground-breaking approach to understanding the relationship between law and social and political transformation in a changing and uncertain world. The book's authors examine a wide range of case studies in which social movements pursue justice and social change within, against, and beyond the law. The interdisciplinary research at the heart of the volume reveals patterns in the ways in which law and legality are invested with heightened importance during certain historical moments, a process of over-loading that most often gives way to disenchantment with the ultimate limits of law. In reflecting critically and synthetically on these complicated dialectics of reckoning with law, the book shines a light on one of the most important, and consequential, dynamics in an era of climate crisis, rising populism across the political spectrum, and social conflict. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This handbook is essential for legal scholars, policymakers, animal and public health professionals, and environmental advocates who want to understand and implement the One Health framework in governance and law. It explores how One Health – an approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health – can address some of the most pressing global challenges, including zoonotic diseases, biodiversity loss, climate change, and antimicrobial resistance. Through detailed case studies, the book demonstrates how One Health is already embedded in legal and policy frameworks, evaluates its effectiveness, and offers practical guidance for improvement. It compares One Health with other interdisciplinary paradigms and existing legal frameworks, identifying valuable lessons and synergies. The book concludes by mapping a transformative path forward, showing how One Health can be used to fundamentally reshape legal systems and their relationship with health and sustainability. This is an invaluable resource for anyone seeking innovative, equitable, and sustainable solutions to global health challenges.
Salafism is a theological movement whose radical wing is today affiliated with al-Qaʿida and the Islamic State, but which draws on precedents stretching back to the medieval theology of Ibn Taymiyya. This innovative study focuses on the concept of theonomy in salafi thought: the tenet that rule by God's law is an essential component of faith, and the corresponding notion that other forms of rule based on human legislation are inherently polytheistic and thereby illegitimate. It is this tenet which furnishes radical militants with their principal casus belli against ruling regimes in the Muslim world. In this book, Daniel Lav details the intellectual grounding for modern salafi theonomy in Ibn Taymiyya's doctrine of tawhid and the writings of the early Wahhabi movement, in addition to the twentieth-century thought of Abu al-Aʿla Mawdudi and Sayyid Quṭb, while drawing on insights from comparative political theology to analyze this key school of thought.
How did dictionaries come to be? When and how did they originate in a specific language? Who was involved in that origin story? How have they evolved over time? What is the tension between scholarly and commercial, and between prescriptive and descriptive, dictionaries? What is the politics behind each dictionary? And what is the connection between dictionaries and nation-building? This fascinating book has the answers. It brings together a collection of conversations with leading lexicographers from around the world to explore the role dictionaries have played in history, comparing the parallel histories of lexicography in twenty different languages. The conversations explore the way dictionaries, which preserve language while contributing to their standardization, are always political in nature, prescribing some words while cancelling others. Covering major world languages, indigenous languages, and hybrid languages, this is essential reading for academic researchers and students of lexicography, and professional and trainee professional lexicographers.
Diodoros' Bibliotheke Historike, written in the last half of the first century BC, is a major source for ancient history from earliest times to his own era. This is the first English translation of Books 21-40 (301-62 BC) in seventy years, and the first ever commentary on those portions of the text. Major topics include the history of Sicily, the career of Hannibal, the slave wars that plagued the era, and the increasing instability of the Roman Republic. Diodoros' insight into the events of these years is a major source for that era, but his account, which survives only in fragments excerpted and to some extent paraphrased by later Byzantine scholars, has long been neglected.
Throughout the long history of Christianity, Christians have celebrated their faith in a myriad of ways. This Companion offers new insights into the theological depths of the liturgical mysteries that are the essence of Christian worship services, rituals, and sacraments. It investigates how these mysteries order time and space, and how they permeate the life of the Churches. The volume explores how Christian liturgy, as a corporeal and communal set of activities, has had a profound impact on spiritualities, preaching, pastoral engagement, and ecumenical relations, as well as encounters with religious others. Written by an international team of scholars, it also explores the intrinsic connections between liturgy and the arts, and why liturgy matters theologically. Ultimately, The Cambridge Companion to Christian Liturgy demonstrates the inextricable link between theology and liturgy and provides incentives for critical and constructive reflections about the relevance of liturgy in today's world.
Students have an almost insurmountable task in understanding statistics in the psychological sciences and applying them to a research study. This textbook tackles this source of stress by guiding students through the research process, start to finish, from writing a proposal and performing the study, to analysing the results and creating a report and presentation. This truly practical textbook explains psychology research methods in a conversational style, with additional material of interest placed in focus boxes alongside, so that students don't lose their way through the steps. Every step is detailed visually with processes paralleled in both SPSS and R, allowing instructors and students to learn both statistical packages or to bridge from one to the other. Students perform hands-on statistical exercises using real data, and both qualitative and mixed-methods research are covered. They learn effective ways to present information visually, and about free tools to collect and analyse data.
With roots in the Homeric scholarship produced in the Library of Alexandria in the third and second centuries BCE, the ancient scholia to the Iliad constitute the richest and most extensive collection of ancient criticism on the most widely read poem in Greco-Roman antiquity. Excerpted from lost works of ancient scholarship and transmitted as marginal and interlinear comments in medieval manuscripts of the Iliad, these scholia contain a remarkable wealth of insights into the constitution of the Homeric text, the readings and editorial principles of ancient grammarians, the literary interpretations of ancient critics, and the lessons that ancient readers took from Homer. This volume provides the first English translation of the ancient scholia to Iliad books 1–2. With a clear and accessible introduction, extensive explanatory notes, and a glossary of ancient scholars, this book serves as the ideal guide to this complex and fascinating tradition.
Unlock the potential of computational fluid dynamics with this essential guide for master's and graduate students, and researchers. It explores the immersed boundary method (IBM), a revolutionary approach for simulating flows in complex geometries. With a focus on fluid/structure interaction, it examines theoretical principles and practical implementations, offering insights into tackling intricate geometries and enhancing simulation accuracy. The book features a series of numerical examples that increase in complexity, and is accompanied by the source code, allowing readers to replicate results and deepen their understanding. Whether you're wanting to refine your skills or embark on new research, this introduction will empower you to master the art of complex flow simulations.
Diffusion decision models are widely used to characterize the cognitive and neural processes involved in making rapid decisions about objects and events in the environment. These decisions, which are made hundreds of times a day without prolonged deliberation, include recognition of people and things as well as real-time decisions made while walking or driving. Diffusion models assume that the processes involved in making such decisions are noisy and variable and that noisy evidence is accumulated until there is enough for a decision. This volume provides the first comprehensive treatment of the theory, mathematical foundations, numerical methods, and empirical applications of diffusion process models in psychology and neuroscience. In addition to the standard Wiener diffusion model, readers will find a detailed, unified treatment of the cognitive theory and the neural foundations of a variety of dynamic diffusion process models of two-choice, multiple choice, and continuous outcome decisions.
The Chinese Communist Party has always been ambivalent about how to treat the private sector of the economy. Professor Leng's superb study provides us with a nuanced view of this complicated relationship. Using detailed case studies (the urban bus sector and waste management) she demonstrates convincingly how the authoritarian political economy leads to the politicization of business. Businesses are seen as providing career support to individual officials through visibility projects and providing systemic support aiding social control. Far from outcomes being solely attributable to Xi Jinping's or any central leader's approach, she demonstrates how government–business relations are driven by the incentive system under which local officials operate. The book is a must-read, not only for those interested in government–business relations but also for those who seek a deeper, more nuanced understanding of China's political economy.
The rules, doctrines and policies governing corporations and financial markets are complex and ever-changing in response to global, social and commercial needs. Contemporary Australian Corporate Law is a well-established foundational text that explores these rules and laws in detail, including the history and context in which they are established, how they are developed and how they will continue to evolve in the future. The third edition has been updated to include recent developments in legislation, case law and corporate governance. Discussion of financial markets and financial services has been modified in response to changes to the Corporations Act 2001 including amendments to the continuous disclosure requirements in Chapter 6CA. It considers the recently passed Treasury Laws Amendment (Financial Market Infrastructure and Other Measures) Act 2024 which covers climate disclosure obligations. The clear structure and detailed exploration of key concepts encourages students to develop a contextual understanding of corporate law.
This Element introduces the basics of Bayesian regression modeling using modern computational tools. This Element only assumes that the reader has taken a basic statistics course and has seen Bayesian inference at the introductory level of Gill and Bao (2024). Some matrix algebra knowledge is assumed but the authors walk carefully through the necessary structures at the start of this Element. At the end of the process readers will fully understand how Bayesian regression models are developed and estimated, including linear and nonlinear versions. The sections cover theoretical principles and real-world applications in order to provide motivation and intuition. Because Bayesian methods are intricately tied to software, code in R and Python is provided throughout.
This Element explores misinformation as a challenge for democracies, using experiments from Germany, Italy, and the UK to assess the role of user-generated corrections on social media. A sample of more than 170,000 observations across a wide range of topics (COVID, climate change, 5G etc.) is used to test whether social corrections help reduce the perceived accuracy of false news and whether miscorrections decrease the credibility of true news. Corrections reduce the perceived accuracy of misinformation, but miscorrections can harm perceptions of true news. The Element also assesses the mechanisms of social corrections, finding evidence for recency effects rather than systematic processing. Additional analyses show the characteristics of individuals who have more difficulties identifying false news. Survey data is included on characteristics of people who write comments often. The conclusion highlights that social corrections can mislead, but also work as remedy. The Element ends with best practices for effective corrections.
This Element introduces the study of forensic linguistics, particularly in southern Africa, but also in Africa more generally. In the past six decades, there has been clear evidence that the discipline of forensic linguistics is, or was, unknown to general linguists, legal linguists, and applied linguists on the African continent. Now, however, the situation is rapidly changing, with forensic linguistics studies gaining momentum in various parts of Africa. In this Element the authors introduce the topic, define the discipline, address the language of record issue in southern Africa, as well as critically debate the state of court interpreting and translation of documentation into African languages, address police interviewing techniques, while also looking at possible future developments in the discipline of forensic linguistics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This book offers a rich analysis of many aspects of human rights law in the UK and the European legal framework while also including critiques of human rights and the varying conceptions of rights. This book has the advantage of engaging with both Strasbourg caselaw, domestic jurisprudence and the academic scholarship. The issues covered are the right to life, the prohibition of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, abortion and assisted dying, modern slavery and human trafficking, terrorism, immigration, privacy, hate speech, protest, religion, equality and non-discrimination.