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Heritage branding and heirloom cultures are twin strategies for building brands in global markets. In this Element, the authors analyze these strategies through skyr; a traditional, sour dairy from Iceland. They explore how live microbial cultures in skyr have been 'heritagized' as heirloom cultures to build a brand advantage. Live skyr cultures, they show, illustrate symbiotic relations over millennia between microbial cultures and human cultures. The industrialization of this species interaction in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, they argue, ultimately converted a mutualistic relation into a parasitic one. Moreover, they demonstrate a parallel inversion of gender relations in the production and consumption of skyr as part of its industrialization and export. Ironically, these transformations undermine the industry's promotion of the cultures and heritage to which it has effectively put an end. They ask whether there is a more general lesson in this about the relationship between industrialization, capitalism, and heritage.
Pat Easterling's articles are fundamental to her status as one of the most influential Hellenists of her generation. Characterised by unostentatious astuteness and an arresting capacity for observation, they put forward tersely considered arguments that have the weight of much longer discussions. Exacting attention to language and detail combines with clear-sighted openness to new developments within and beyond the discipline to allow the texts to speak in deeply human terms. This collection gathers significant articles from all stages of Easterling's career, many of them major points of reference. Volume 1 is devoted to Greek tragedy, and represents in particular her great affinity for Sophocles. Volume 2 presents work on other Greek literature, acting, transmission, scholia, reception, history of scholarship. Reflecting Easterling's extensive academic ties, several of the articles were originally published in less well-known volumes and are here made more widely available.
The narrative art of Herodotus' Histories has always been greatly admired, but it has never received an in-depth and systematic analysis. This commentary lays bare the role of the narrator and his effective handling of time, focalization, and speech in all the famous and much-loved episodes, from Croesus, via the Ionian Revolt, to the climax of Xerxes' expedition against Greece. In paying close attention to the various ways in which Herodotus structures his story, it offers crucial help to get a grip on the at first sight bewildering structure of this long text. The detailed analysis of Herodotus' narration shows how his masterful adoption and expansion of the epic toolbox endowed the new genre of historiography with the same authority as its illustrious predecessor. The commentary is suitable for all readers of Herodotus' Greek text: students, teachers, and scholars.
The objective of this edited volume is to explore the role that digitalisation and new technologies play in the law and practice relating to international investment. The traditional view of international investment law, focusing on physical movement of investors and greenfield establishment, is currently confronted by the increasing diffusion and varying use of technological advances around the world. Digital assets and digital services pose challenges to conventional conceptions of territorial nexus in investment protection. Utilisation of algorithms and artificial intelligence in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) is also not free of controversy when it comes to ensuring fair (and reasoned) outcomes and due process. Moreover, cybersecurity-related concerns exacerbate geopolitical fragmentation often negatively affect investment flows, both at the inward and at the outward levels. The contributors of this edited volume examine these and other related issues of contemporary investment law and critically reflect on how digitalisation and new technologies reshape the foundations of international investment law.
Grounded in legal ethnomethodology, this book explores terrorism trials in France. Drawing on extensive court ethnography, a multidisciplinary research team examines how terrorism logics are reflected, represented, and negotiated within criminal proceedings. Based on hundreds of hearing days – ranging from small terrorism criminal cases to the so-called trials for history, commonly known as the 'Charlie Hebdo' and the 'Bataclan' trials – this study offers a nuanced, bottom-up perspective on the role of courts. Through courtroom immersion, close observation of legal performances, and interviews with judicial actors, it investigates how justice is shaped in practice. Identifying three generations of trials, the book provides original insights into the evolving role of courts in terrorism cases. From an empirical and comparative perspective, it also seeks to make criminal trials more accessible to Anglophone readers, offering a deeper understanding of how terrorism is prosecuted in France, highlighting the role of judges, prosecutors, lawyers and victims.
David Collier is among the most influential thinkers on conceptualization, foundational to social science inquiry. An eminent political scientist, he specializes in mixed methods and comparative politics. Working with Concepts brings together David Collier's most influential research on concepts and measurement, refined and reframed, to offer a systematic approach to concept analysis. It serves as a reference book for both students and seasoned scholars grappling with concepts. Collier's essays are accompanied by commentaries by twelve scholars who connect his contributions to ongoing debates in the field. The commentaries open up new lines of research and provoke ongoing scholarly reaction and innovation. Tightly organized with the aim of moving the field forward, this collection of essays explores some of the contours of the field and its milestones to show how careful work with concepts is a foundation of good methodology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Providing comprehensive yet accessible coverage, this is the first graduate-level textbook dedicated to the mathematical theory of risk measures. It explains how economic and financial principles result in a profound mathematical theory that allows us to quantify risk in monetary terms, giving rise to risk measures. Each chapter is designed to match the length of one or two lectures, covering the core theory in a self-contained manner, with exercises included in every chapter. Additional material sections then provide further background and insights for those looking to delve deeper. This two-layer modular design makes the book suitable as the basis for diverse lecture courses of varying length and level, and a valuable resource for researchers.
Understand how to make wireless communication networks, digital storage systems and computer networks robust and reliable in the first unified, comprehensive treatment of erasure correcting codes. Data loss is unavoidable in modern computer networks; as such, data recovery can be crucial and these codes can play a central role. Through a focused, detailed approach, you will gain a solid understanding of the theory and the practical knowledge to analyze, design and implement erasure codes for future computer networks and digital storage systems. Starting with essential concepts from algebra and classical coding theory, the book provides specific code descriptions and efficient design methods, with practical applications and advanced techniques stemming from cutting-edge research. This is an accessible and self-contained reference, invaluable to both theorists and practitioners in electrical engineering, computer science and mathematics.
Islam and Modern Cosmology examines how contemporary cosmological theories intersect with Islamic theology, exploring how modern science and Islamic thought can be brought into meaningful dialogue. It begins with a concise overview of modern cosmology, followed by an exploration of the Qur'an's cosmological perspectives and the philosophical models of creation proposed by Muslim thinkers, comparing these ideas with current scientific understandings. The discussion then considers the fine-tuning argument for God's existence and addresses the multiverse hypothesis, proposing that, under certain reasonable assumptions, the Islamic conception of God suggests the possibility of multiple universes. Finally, from a Muslim – specifically Sufi – perspective, it reflects on the problem of the significance of human life within this vast cosmos.
Operations management has an important role in improving healthcare. Some of its core concepts and tools, such as Lean and statistical process control, have their own Elements in this series. In this Element, the authors offer an overview of three major topics in healthcare operations management: capacity and demand, focus, and people and process. They demonstrate how queuing theory reveals counterintuitive insights about capacity utilisation and waiting times, examine how strategic focus can achieve significant productivity gains while creating potential inequities, and explore why process improvements must account for human behaviours like multitasking and workarounds. Using practical examples, the authors illustrate both the critical role and the limitations of operations management against a backdrop of high demand and resource constraints. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Retailing is one of the world's largest industries, yet few books cover the core knowledge needed for students studying the topic or people working in the industry. This rigorous retail marketing guide blends theory with real-world applications, helping students uncover the secrets behind successful retailing, as well as the psychology motivating customers to behave the way they do. This thoroughly revised edition is structured into four parts, covering the fundamentals of retailing, consumer perception and decision-making, store atmospherics and layouts, and digitalisation. Learning outcomes, case studies, key takeaways, study questions and exercises are included in each chapter, making it an ideal resource for Retail Marketing and Retail Management courses. Teaching PowerPoint slides and sample course syllabi are available as supplementary materials to support instructors.
Samuel Beckett was a writer of the everyday. Despite his association with the literary avant-garde and his commitment to an increasingly austere aesthetic, his writing betrays an enduring preoccupation with the quotidian rhythms of modern life, including the experiences of boredom, routine, habit, and consumption. Quotidian Beckett: Art of Everyday Life explores the writer's evolving response to this realm of experience, which philosophers and sociologists have paradoxically described as both everywhere and nowhere, obvious and enigmatic. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre's influential theories of everyday life, the Element demonstrates how Beckett's writing, by producing forms that resist transparency and closure, invites us to see the mundane in unfamiliar, unsettling, and politically charged ways. In this regard, his artistic achievement lies in rendering the elusiveness of the quotidian with a vividness that other modes of discourse seldom achieve.
Effective leadership is critical to ensuring safety, efficiency and maximum productivity in the operating room (OR). This practical, evidence-based third edition focuses on the dynamics of a successful OR environment to underline the key techniques for management of policies, systems, staff members and teams. Fully updated to include recent clinical guidelines, the book provides the 'A-Z' of OR management, including sections on metrics, scheduling, human resource management, leadership principles, economics, quality assurance, recovery, ambulatory practice and topics specific to anesthesia and pain service providers. Featuring new chapters on the role of artificial intelligence in transforming operating room perform, training, certification and career development, instrumentation management, and safety of operating room personnel. With contributions from authors with unrivalled experience in the field, this new edition continues to be an essential guide for anyone working in the OR including anaesthesiologists, surgeons, nurses, and administrators.
Due to the multi-faceted nature of food – as sustenance, symbol, and commodity – diverse theoretical perspectives have been used to study it in archaeology. One of the more influential and versatile of these approaches is behavioral ecology: the study of behavioral adaptation to local environments. Behavioral ecology provides a powerful body of theory for understanding human decision-making in both the past and present. This Element reviews what behavioral ecology is, how it has been used by archaeologists to study decision-making concerning food and subsistence, how it articulates with other ecological approaches, and how it can help us to better understand sustainability in our contemporary world. The use of behavioral ecology to bridge the archaeological and the contemporary can not only explain the roots of important behavioral processes, but provide potential policy solutions to promote a more sustainable society today.
The first of its kind, this textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of semantics and pragmatics from an interactionist perspective, grounded entirely on empirical methods of social/behavioural science. Designed for advanced undergraduate students, beginning graduate students, and practicing researchers, it responds to the growing requirement that rather than relying on their own native speaker intuitions, students gather and analyze semantic data in a broad range of research contexts, from fieldwork to psycholinguistic and child language research. Practical in its approach, it provides the tools that the advanced student needs in order to 'do' this semantic research, in both field and laboratory contexts. This is facilitated by an innovative view of meaning that combines reference and mental representations as aspects of communicative interaction. It is accompanied by a glossary of terms and a range of exercises for students, along with model answers to the exercises for instructors.
This Element traces the origins and earliest manifestations of gender bias in the English language. The analysis is based on a corpus of Old English prose texts, written between the ninth and the eleventh centuries. The results are interpreted in the historical, cultural and literary context of Anglo-Saxon England and early medieval Europe. The investigation shows a significant difference in the way women and men are presented in Old English texts, with the former clearly associated with family life, portrayed in the context of their physical appearance, marriage and childbearing, rarely involved in meaningful activities and presented as possessions of their male relatives. Situating the linguistic representations of women in the context of Christianity, the Element demonstrates that late Old English can be seen as a vehicle of language bias that will establish male domination for centuries to come. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Although rarely acknowledged, Buddhist monastics are among the most active lawmakers and jurists in Asia, operating sophisticated networks of courts and constitutions while also navigating—and shaping—secular legal systems. This book provides the first in-depth study of Buddhist monastic law and its entanglements with state law in Sri Lanka from 1800 to the present. Rather than a top-down account of colliding legal orders, Schonthal draws on nearly a decade of archival, ethnographic and empirical research to document the ways that Buddhist monks, colonial officials and contemporary lawmakers reconcile the laws of the Buddha and the laws of the land using practices of legal pluralism. Comparative in outlook and accessible in style, this book not only offers a portrait of Buddhist monastic law in action, it also yields new insights into how societies manage multi-legality and why legal pluralism leads to conflict in some settings and to compromise in others.
In a time of great contest and confusion over the future of democracy as a governing principle, the example of Abraham Lincoln continues to provide encouragement and direction about democracy's viability in the face of immense challenges. In The Political Writings of Abraham Lincoln, Allen Guelzo brings into one volume Lincoln's most famous political documents and speeches from his earliest days as a political candidate under the banner of the Whig Party, to his election and service as the first anti-slavery Republican president, from 1861 to 1865, and the nation's leader in the fiery trial of civil war. While many anthologies of Lincoln's political documents routinely concentrate on his presidential years or only on his anti-slavery writings, Guelzo concentrates on documents from Lincoln's earliest political activity as an Illinois state legislator in the 1830s up through his presidency. The result is an accessible resource for students, researchers, and general readers.
In our scientific era, there has been widespread talk about the demise of conventional notions about our agency. In this book, Jason Runyan examines our conventional thought and talk about our agency and the basis for thinking that it is inconsistent with scientific findings. Using clear language and concrete examples, he brings philosophy and science to bear on fundamental questions: What is true about us? Do we accomplish what we think we do in everyday life? And should our scientific discoveries upend the way we think about our agency? In the process, Runyan shows how analytic and empirical approaches should inform one another – how, together, they enable a more precise and expansive view, save us from the pitfalls of overreaching, and yield insights to live by.