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In today's globalized world, a deep understanding of how culture affects international business phenomena is critical to scholarship and practice. Yet, armed with only superficial measures of national cultural differences proliferated by easy-to-use, statistically testable, generalized classifications, scholars and practitioners find themselves stereotype rich and operationally poor where culture meets real-world international business context. “Culture” is much more complex: made up of various multifaceted and interacting spheres of influence – national, regional, institutional, organizational and functional – and enacted by individuals, many who are multicultural themselves. International business settings are therefore rife with multilevel cultural interactions as individuals with differing cultural assumptions work together in real time (often virtually) across distance and differentiated contexts. Ethnography is the most effective approach for gaining insights into such microlevel embedded cultural phenomena. This coursebook provides detailed examples of three types of ethnography especially suited to researching and building theory in today's complex cultural environments.
Is a religious naturalism possible? 'Scientific' naturalism accommodates only 'thin' religiousness. A more robust religious naturalism posits an ultimate reality that supports the ideals of eco-morality and the hope that human fulfilment may be achieved by following those ideals. Such an account may yet be 'expansively' naturalist in taking the natural world to be the only (concrete) reality, and in not going against, only beyond, well-confirmed science. For the core content of an expansive religious naturalism, this Element proposes the idea of an inherent integrative cosmic purpose. The authors reflect both on Indigenous worldviews and on theist traditions in pursuing this proposal.
This book describes the development of our understanding of the strong interactions in particle physics, through its competing ideas and personalities, its false starts, blind alleys, and moments of glory – culminating with the author's discovery of quarks, real particles living in a deeper layer of reality. How were quarks discovered, what did physicists think they were, and what did they turn out to be? These questions are answered through a collection of personal remembrances. The focus is on the reality of quarks, and why that reality made them so difficult to accept. How Feynman and Gell-Mann practiced physics, with their contrasting styles and motivations, presented different obstacles to accepting this reality. And how was the author, as a graduate student, able to imagine their existence, and act on it? Science buffs, students, and experts alike will find much here to pique their interest and learn about quarks along the way.
This revision guide is an invaluable resource for psychiatric trainees preparing for exams. With 55 case vignettes and over 200 topical multiple-choice questions (MCQs), the content covers a broad spectrum of relevant psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, addiction, and gender dysphoria. Case vignettes provide a focused discussion of each disorder, while strategically placed topical MCQs consolidate learning and highlight concepts across disorders. Recurring features are included at the end of each chapter, including 'Exam Essentials,' which highlight the most crucial information students should remember, 'Clinical Pearls', which provide tips for practical application, and the 'Diving Deep' section allows interested students to explore specific concepts further. An engaging and comprehensive revision resource, this will be a go-to resource for MRCPsych candidates and those taking specialist examinations.
Bridging theory and practice in network data analysis, this guide offers an intuitive approach to understanding and analyzing complex networks. It covers foundational concepts, practical tools, and real-world applications using Python frameworks including NumPy, SciPy, scikit-learn, graspologic, and NetworkX. Readers will learn to apply network machine learning techniques to real-world problems, transform complex network structures into meaningful representations, leverage Python libraries for efficient network analysis, and interpret network data and results. The book explores methods for extracting valuable insights across various domains such as social networks, ecological systems, and brain connectivity. Hands-on tutorials and concrete examples develop intuition through visualization and mathematical reasoning. The book will equip data scientists, students, and researchers in applications using network data with the skills to confidently tackle network machine learning projects, providing a robust toolkit for data science applications involving network-structured data.
Violence is one of the key themes in the Dead Sea Scrolls. It captured the imagination of the Sectarians who wrote these scrolls, and who saw themselves as victims of persecution. Their vision for the end of days included fantasies of revenge against their enemies. In this volume, Alex P. Jassen explores the intersection of violence and power in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the ancient sectarian movement which generated and preserved these texts. Bringing a multi-disciplinary approach to this topic, he offers insights into the origins and function of violence for the people behind the Dead Sea Scrolls. He demonstrates how they positioned themselves in a world dominated by more powerful Jews and the overwhelming might of foreign empires. Jassen addresses the complex relationship between violence, power, and social groups by drawing on cross-cultural examples of sectarianism, millennial movements, and disempowered groups, with particular emphasis on New Religious movements such as the Branch Davidians.
William of Ockham's Summa Logicae (The Sum of Logic), composed in the mid-1320s, is a major work in the history of Western philosophy. It was highly influential for several centuries following its appearance. Ostensibly a textbook on logic, the work is an essential resource for understanding Ockham's philosophical project at large and contains numerous innovative ideas about thought, language, and ontology that are now attracting much interest in contemporary philosophy. Despite an abundant growth in Ockham scholarship in recent decades, this Critical Guide is the first collection of essays to be devoted to the Summa Logicae. The volume covers a wide range of topics, including nominalism, metalanguage, modes of signifying, Ockham's theory of the categorical syllogism, and modal logic. It provides both fresh perspectives on existing debates and new contributions on topics that have not yet entered mainstream scholarship on Ockham.
This in-depth exploration of Ottoman Izmir is the first book to study a Mediterranean port city through an environmental historical lens. Onur İnal documents the development of this major Eastern Mediterranean port-city from small coastal town, to transport hub, to a gateway linking the river valleys of Western Anatolia to worldwide markets. Key to this evolution, he argues, was the relationship between a city and countryside which not only shared a common past, but fundamentally reshaped each other during the years of the late Ottoman Empire. Introducing a cast of both human and non-human historical actors, including camels, horses and micro-organisms, İnal demonstrates the transformative impact of their interaction on the city and its hinterlands. By proposing the 'gateway city' model, this rich analysis provides an alternative way to understand the creation of an integrated economic and ecological space in Western Anatolia.
Beer affects the law, and the law affects beer. The regulation of beer goes back thousands of years, and beer laws have shaped society in both obvious and unexpected ways. Beer Law provides a fun and accessible account of the complex interaction between law and beer. The book engages with a broad range of beer law topics including:Health,Intellectual property,Consumer protection and unfair competition,Contract,Competition,International trade,Environment,Tax.The book also provides a detailed description of beer, brewing, beer as a product, and the brewing industry, as well as an overview of some broad lessons from the regulation of beer. Given the importance of understanding law in context, the book also explores beer, beer culture and beer laws in more detail with a focus on Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, the Nordic countries, North America, and Britain and Ireland.
The practice of surgery has been revolutionized since the introduction of video-assisted endoscopy. Minimally invasive procedures are now available for almost all severe gynecologic diseases and conditions and innovations such as the use of video-assisted and robotic-assisted hysteroscopy and vaginoscopy make this one of the most dynamic and technically demanding specialties. The new edition of this authoritative textbook covers the full spectrum of laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures used in gynecologic surgery. Containing descriptions of new techniques such as fetoscopic surgery and practical advice on how to set up the operating theater, the avoidance and management of complications will be stressed throughout. Over 700 high-quality images and accompanying videos are included in the book, illustrating the concepts covered and helping readers incorporate information.
Thought experiments play an important role in philosophy and philosophical theorizing. In this book Eleanor Helms examines thought experiments and charts their use in the work of Danish thinkers Hans Christian Orsted (1777–1851) and Soren Kierkegaard (1813–55), arguing that both were influenced by Kant. She demonstrates how key Kantian concepts shape the methods of both thinkers, especially Kant's claim that regulative ideas like the self, God, and nature cannot be directly represented. Kant proposed some ways in which we can make sense of, or 'cognize,' these kinds of abstract ideas, and Ørsted and Kierkegaard take up the practical challenge of realizing Kant's optimism by designing thought experiments to make these big ideas meaningfully accessible to individual thinkers. Helms's book is the first comprehensive study of Kierkegaard's use of thought experiments as a method, and reveals its significance for our contemporary understanding of how thought experiments work.
Palestinian doctors became a dynamic, vocal, influential, and fascinating professional community over the first half of the twentieth century, growing from roughly a dozen on the eve of World War I to 300 in 1948. This study examines the social history of this group during the late Ottoman and British Mandate periods, examining their social and geographic origins, their professional academic training outside Palestine, and their role and agency in the country's medical market. Yoni Furas and Liat Kozma examine doctors' interactions with the rural and urban society and their entangled relationship with the British colonial administration and Jewish doctors. This book also provides an in-depth description of how Palestinian doctors thought and wrote about themselves and their personal, professional, and collective ambitions, underlining the challenges they faced while attempting to unionize. Furas and Kozma tell Palestine's story through the acts and challenges of these doctors, writing them back into the local and regional history.
This book provides a concise and up-to-date guide to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), from the history and supporting theory, through to the most recent empirical evidence and practical aspects of delivery. Starting with an overview of the structure of CBT, practitioners can utilise this detailed guide to deliver therapy in clinical practice, whilst its coverage of various adaptations of CBT, such as group therapy and working with older adults, allow therapy to be tailored to different settings with different timeframes attached. Covering all the major CBT protocols necessary to work with a wide range of common mental health conditions. A comprehensive resource for a wide range of practitioners providing practical approaches, goals, and strategies to manage mental health problems using CBT. Part of the Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies series, offering all the latest scientifically rigorous, and practical information on a range of key, evidence-based psychological interventions for clinicians.
Origen of Alexandria stands at the headwaters of the entire history of Gospel reading. In this study of the earliest extant Gospel commentaries, Samuel Johnson explores questions, often associated with modern Gospel criticism, that were already formative of the first moments of the Christian interpretative tradition. Origen's approach to the Gospels in fact arose from straightforward historical and literary critical judgments: the Gospel narratives interweave things that happened with things that did not. Origen discerned that the Gospels depict events in Jesus's life not merely as matters of historical fact, but also figuratively. He did not just interpret the Gospels allegorically. Johnson demonstrates that Origen believed the Gospel writers themselves were figurative readers of the life of Jesus. Origen thus found no contradiction between discerning the truth of the Christian Gospels and facing the critical challenges of their literary form and formation. Johnson's study shows how they constitute a single unified vision.
Challenge outdated views of evolution and embrace a clearer understanding of life's incredible diversity with this enlightening exploration of evolutionary trees. Far from being a linear ladder of progress, evolution is a vast, branching tree where all species-humans included-are evolutionary cousins, not ancestors or descendants. Every organism alive today shares the same 3.5 billion years of evolutionary history, uniquely adapted to its own environment. This book takes readers on a journey through the tree of life, beginning with humanity's closest relatives and expanding outward to the most distantly related organisms. By unravelling the misconceptions perpetuated by news articles and traditional depictions of evolution, it offers a fresh perspective on life's interconnectedness. With engaging insights and vivid illustrations, this book fosters a deeper appreciation for the remarkable complexity and diversity of life on Earth, making it an essential read for anyone curious about our evolutionary story.
Abductive reasoning is a form of inference that infers some hypothesis because of what that hypothesis explains. Unlike deductive reasoning, it yields a plausible conclusion but does not definitively verify it. The theory of compositional abduction developed in this book provides a novel theory of confirmation. Aizawa uses case studies to analyse how scientists interpret the results of experiments to support compositional hypotheses (hypotheses about what things are composed of) and suggests that they use a kind of abduction. His theory is offered as an alternative account of scientific reasoning that the logical empiricists would have interpreted as hypothetico-deductive confirmation. It is also an alternative to the Peircean interpretation of the role of abduction in science. It will be valuable to philosophers of science, those working on hypothetico-deductive confirmation, Peirce's view of abduction, inference to the best explanation, and the New Mechanism. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Now more than ever the international community plays a central role in pressing governments to hold their own to account. Despite pressure to adhere to global human rights norms, governments continue to benefit from impunity for their past crimes. In an age of accountability, how do states continue to escape justice? This book presents a theory of strategic adaptation which explains the conditions under which governments adopt transitional justice without a genuine commitment to holding state forces to account. Cyanne E. Loyle develops this theory through in-depth fieldwork from Rwanda, Uganda, and Northern Ireland conducted over the last ten years. Research in each of these cases reveals a unique strategy of adaption: coercion, containment, and concession. Using evidence from these cases, Loyle traces the conditions under which a government pursues its chosen strategies and the resulting transitional justice outcomes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
In the 'Age of Discovery', explorers brought a wealth of information about new and strange lands from across the oceans. Yet, even as the Americas appeared on new world maps, China remained a cartographic mystery. How was the puzzle of China's geography unravelled? Connected Cartographies demonstrates that knowledge about China was generated differently, not through exploration but through a fascinating bi-directional cross-cultural exchange of knowledge. Florin-Stefan Morar shows that interactions between Chinese and Western cartographic traditions led to the creation of a new genre of maps that incorporated features from both. This genre included works by renowned cartographers such as Abraham Ortelius and Matteo Ricci and other less-known works, 'black tulips of cartography,' hidden in special collections. Morar builds upon original sources in multiple languages from archives across three continents, producing a pioneering reconstruction of Sino-Western cartographic exchanges that shaped the modern world map and our shared global perspective.