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When ancient Persian conquerors created a vast empire from the Mediterranean to the Indus, encompassing many peoples speaking many different languages, they triggered demographic changes that caused their own language to be transformed. Persian grammar has ever since borne testimony to the social history of the ancient Persian Empire. This study of the early evolution of the Persian language bridges ancient history and new linguistics. Written for historians, philologists, linguists, and classical scholars, as well as those interested specifically in Persian and Iranian studies, it explains the correlation between the character of a language's grammar and the history of its speakers. It paves the way for new investigations into linguistic history, a field complimentary with but distinct from historical linguistics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
In this book, Brice Halimi revives the connection between philosophy of language and philosophy of mathematics which founded analytic philosophy. Russell's logical analysis in The Principles of Mathematics aimed to identify the 'logical constants' of language with the 'indefinables' of mathematics. However context-sensitivity, which covers all the cases in natural language where the semantic content of an expression depends on the context of its utterance, is thought to hinder that program. In contrast, Halimi argues that context-sensitivity, approached as a radically dynamic process based on context-shift, is amenable to a mathematical counterpart, but that new mathematical concepts are needed. His approach leads to a renewed conception of semantic content, linguistic meaning, and their interaction, while also reconsidering the divide between semantics and pragmatics. The book will interest philosophers of language and philosophers of mathematics, and also has numerous applications to philosophy of mind, epistemology, logic, and linguistics.
The Bethe Ansatz is a powerful method in the theory of quantum integrable models, essential for determining the energy spectrum of dynamical systems - from spin chains in magnetism to models in high-energy physics. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the Bethe ansatz, from its historical roots to modern developments. First introduced by Hans Bethe in 1931, the method has evolved into a universal framework encompassing algebraic, analytic, thermodynamic, and functional forms. The book explores various Bethe ansatz techniques and their interrelations, covering both coordinate and algebraic versions, with particular attention to nested structures and functional relations involving transfer matrices. Advanced tools such as the separation of variables method are presented in detail. With a wealth of worked examples and precise calculations, this volume serves as an accessible and rigorous reference for graduate students and researchers in mathematical physics and integrable systems.
Recognizing religion in global politics is neither neutral nor benign. This book reveals how recognition operates to reinforce hierarchies, reify religious difference, and deepen political divisions. Maria Birnbaum reframes religion as a historically contingent category of knowledge and governance. She shifts the question from whether religion should be recognized to how it becomes recognizable. Through the entangled imperial histories of British India and Mandate Palestine, the book traces how colonial and anti-colonial governmental logics shaped the politics of religious minorities, representation, and border-making-dynamics that continue to shape postcolonial states like Pakistan and Israel. Offering a timely critique of the epistemic assumptions underpinning global discourses on religion, sovereignty, and political order, Before Recognition challenges conventional understandings of religion in international relations. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Paul's letter to the Colossian church addresses the challenges encountered by a Jewish community living in the Hellenistic world. Shaped by folk religion, Hellenistic mystery religions, Roman imperial cults, and other trends, the community lived in fear of turmoil and oppression if they did not placate the right gods and practice the correct rituals. Colossians is Paul's salvo into this context. More than a forceful response to a single church, it was a missive that addressed Hellenistic spiritual tendencies and how Christ confronts them. Gary Burge's study of this letter explores the Roman context for Colossians and demonstrates how Paul's gospel would overturn the religious beliefs that affected their lives. He also interrogates Paul's overlooked letter to Philemon, which accompanied Colossians and in which he instructs a Christian runaway slave to return to his Christian master. His novel interpretation offers new insights into this situation and how it enables us to understand slavery today.
Spain's musical history has often resided on – or been consigned to – the margins of historical narratives about mainstream European culture. As a result, Spanish music is universally popular but seldom well understood outside Iberia. This volume offers, for the first time in English, a comprehensive survey of music in Spain from the Middle Ages to the modern era, including both classical and popular traditions. With chapters from a group of leading music scholars, the book reevaluates the history of music in Spain, from devotional works of the Middle Ages and Renaissance to masterpieces of the postwar avant-garde. It surveys a deep legacy of classical music as well as a rich heritage of folklore comprising songs and dances from Spain's many regions, especially but not exclusively Andalusian flamenco. Folklore in turn informed the nationalist repertoire with which music lovers are most familiar, including pieces by Albéniz, Granados, Falla, Rodrigo, and many others.
Enslaved New World illuminates sixteenth-century Santo Domingo as the site of the Americas' earliest plantation and slave society and the first place where slavery became limited to people of African descent. Yet Santo Domingo was also home, Turits shows, to widespread continual flight from bondage and an ecology providing escapees with relatively easy refuge. This transformed the colony into a land in which predominantly self-emancipated Black people became the largest population group by the late seventeenth century, 150 years before slavery's abolition. Afterwards, slavery and legal racial hierarchy persisted, but the White elite often remained too poor and weak to overcome resistance and competing constructs of status and color emerged. By focusing on Santo Domingo's understudied African-descended majority population within novel frameworks, Turits opens up new understandings of Dominican history, slavery's racialization, race and racism's historical contingency, and an extraordinarily successful Afro-American trajectory of resistance.
Once considered a period of poverty and isolation, devoid of impressive material culture, the Iron Age is now regarded as a pivotal era. It witnessed how the ancient Greeks lost and regained literacy, created lifelike figural representations and monumental architecture, and eventually established new and complex civic polities. The Companion to the Greek Iron Age offers an up to date account of this critical epoch of Greek antiquity. Including archaeological surveys of different regions, it presents focused discussions of the Early Iron Age cultures and states with which Greek regions had contacts and which are integral for understanding cultural developments in this formative period. They include Cyprus, Syro-Anatolia, Italy, and Egypt, regions in which, as in Greece, the Early Iron Age is diverse and unevenly documented. Offering a synthesis of the key developments, The Companion to the Greek Iron Age also demonstrates how new archaeological and theoretical approaches have enlarged and clarified our understanding of this seminal period.
How did Jews in the ancient world depict the practices of their pagan contemporaries? In this study, Jesse Mirotznik investigates the portrayal of pagan worship in the Hebrew Bible and ancient Jewish literature. Scholars have assumed that the portrayals in these corpora are consistent over time. Mirotznik, however, shows that there is a fundamental discontinuity between earlier and later depictions of pagan worship. In the Hebrew Bible, these forms of worship are, for the most part, simply assumed to be sincere. By contrast, in ancient Jewish texts from approximately the end of the third century BCE and onward, such worship is increasingly presented as insincere, performed only instrumentally in the service of an ulterior motive. While the worshipers of other gods seem genuine in their devotion, these texts contend, they too must recognize the folly of such worship.
Shaped by important shifts in the field and a global pandemic, this Handbook provides a fresh look at the anthropology of death. It is split into five parts, with chapters examining how deathcare happens and the kinds of relationships that arise between the living, the dying, and the dead; how rituals change and also endure; and how societies make sense of and live with death – both everyday and catastrophic. It draws on theories of social death and necropolitics, as well as death's materiality and more-than-human experiences of death and grief, inviting a broader understanding of the subject itself. With contributors from within and beyond the fields of anthropology and death studies, it bridges gaps in scholarly dialogues around life from death and death's afterlife of mourning and memory. The ethnographically grounded individual studies combine to underscore why death matters in new and urgent ways beyond concerns of just human life.
For activists in West Germany, politicization often began in childhood. This was frequently followed by decades of intense political engagement, in myriad forms and venues, insisting on the free and democratic values their post-fascist country was supposed to embody. Through oral histories of fifty-five West German activists, this study explores how individuals became and remained politicized. Belinda Davis examines the diverse lived experiences of these activists, highlighting how social change took place both through protest and in the building of alternatives. In doing so, this study challenges conventional portrayals of 'the student movement' and of the ''68ers' and reveals the critical role of activists' experiences across decades, locations and venues. At a moment when we once again face challenges to democracy and peaceful political expression, this historic engagement offers valuable lessons on the achievements of grassroots politics, emphasizing just how personal is the political.
Coalition formation is an important problem in economics, politics, and a broad range of other social situations. Examples of coalitions range from those at the level of individuals (families, couples, teams, employers, workers) through to those at the level of organisations and countries (political parties, free trade agreements, environmental agreements, military alliances). Traditionally, game theory has been divided into non-cooperative and cooperative games. The former approach scrutinizes individuals' rational behaviour under a well-specified process of a game. The latter presents various cooperative solutions based on collective rationality. Games and Coalitions draws on both approaches, providing a bridge between cooperative and non-cooperative analyses of coalition formation. Offering a useful research monograph regarding the models, results and applications of non-cooperative coalitional bargaining theory, this book illustrates how game theory applies to various economic and political problems, including resource allocation, public goods, wage bargaining, legislative bargaining, and climate cooperation.