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Learn to program more effectively, faster, with better results… and enjoy both the learning experience and the benefits it ultimately brings. This undergraduate-level textbook is motivated by Formal Methods, encouraging habits that lead to correct and concise computer programs; but its informal approach sidesteps reliance on Formal Logic that programmers are sometimes led to believe is required. Instead, a straightforward and intuitive use of simple 'What's true here' comments encourages precision of thought without prescription of notation. Drawing on decades of the author's experience in teaching/industry, the text's careful presentation concentrates on key principles of structuring and reasoning about programs, applying them first to small, understandable algorithms. Then students can concentrate on turning those reliably into their corresponding –and correct– program source-codes. The text includes over 200 exercises, with full solutions available online for instructors' use, plus mini-projects and automated quizzes to support instructors in building their own courses.
Only when we fully appreciate the origins and foundations of child and adolescent behaviors will we succeed in uncovering why they do what they do. By emphasizing evolutionary viewpoints of human psychological development, this textbook explains the fundamental underpinnings of young minds and how they grow. New chapters on the biological basis and cultural context of development introduce students to dynamic new debates in the field. The integrative, topical approach incorporates the perspectives that guide today's practitioners and gives students a holistic and up-to-date understanding of development. Box features highlight key debates, Section Reviews reinforce essential points, and “Ask Yourself” questions and end-of-chapter exercises encourage engagement and extend learning, supporting and enhancing student understanding. Revised and updated throughout, this comprehensive, topical textbook uniquely integrates the central themes of modern developmental theory – developmental contextualism, sociocultural perspective, and evolutionary theory – in a strong, theoretical introduction to child and adolescent development.
Sylvia Plath and the Supernatural brings a fresh and interdisciplinary perspective to the reading of Plath. Following recently published new material, this book offers a novel approach to the re-examination and celebration of supernatural themes in Plath's writings. It expands Plath studies by establishing Plath's creative and intellectual interests in early modern literature about witches and demonology, knowledge of the legacies of the Salem witch trials during McCarthyism, and her depth of understanding of the complex relationship between gender and magical powers. The book also demonstrates how Plath and her contemporaries responded to post-war American and British politics through employing and repurposing supernatural concepts while engaging with popular culture, atomic warfare, and colonialism. This book provides a systematic overview of Plath's materials, from draft manuscripts to The Bell Jar, and a unique analysis of post-war literature and culture through the lens of the supernatural.
The first generations of Italian Humanists, which included Petrarch, Boccaccio, Giovanni Conversini, and Leon Battista Alberti, wrestled with the crisis of vocational choice amid struggles with their natal and conjugal families. Instead of following their fathers into conventional and reliably stable professions, they instead chose a literary and scholarly path not yet recognized as a viable profession. The inchoate nature of their careers, together with their propensity to write about themselves, created a unique setting for the emergence of modern notions of secular vocation. In this study, George McClure analyzes the rich residue of humanist writings – letters, autobiographies, dialogues, polemics, and fictional works – that defined the values of a literary life against the traditional models of monk, priest, physician, lawyer, or merchant. Collectively, they serve as the first substantive discourse on the moral and psychological meaning of work, which helped to lay the foundation for a general concept of secular vocation.
How do we define plagiarism in literature? In this wide-ranging and innovative study, Muhsin J. al-Musawi examines debates surrounding literary authenticity across Arabic and Islamic culture over seven centuries. Al-Musawi argues that intertextual borrowing was driven by personal desire alongside the competitive economy of the Abbasid Islamic Empire. Here, accusations of plagiarism had wide-ranging consequences, as competition among poets and writers grew fierce, while philologists and critics served as public arbiters over controversies of alleged poetic thefts. Taking in an extensive remit of Arabic sources, from Persian writers to the poets of Andalusia and Morocco, al-Musawi extends his argument all the way to Ibrāhīm ᶜAbd al-Qādir al-Māzinī's writing in Egypt and the Iraqi poet Nāzik al-Malā՚ikah's work in the twentieth century to present 'theft' as a necessary condition of creative production in Arabic literature. As a result, this study sheds light on a vast yet understudied aspect of the Arabic literary tradition, while raising important questions surrounding the rising challenge of artificial intelligence in matters of academic integrity.
In Germany at the close of the eighteenth century, Johann Gottfried Herder offered an important alternative to the philosophy of his teacher, Immanuel Kant. He held radical views on language, world history, the equality of all peoples, the role of climate in human life, and other topics that remain important to this day. He explored how these ideas might lead to radical intellectual practices and politics, providing an alternative to Eurocentric and racist ways of thinking. Writing in the wake of the French Revolution, Herder attempted to develop a political philosophy that would do justice to all humanity. His Letters for the Advancement of Humanity provides his mature statement on this project, available to English readers now for the first time in its entirety. An introduction situates the work within Herder's thought, and comprehensive notes provide access to its wider context.
Geraldo Vidigal thoroughly examines the judicial powers of international courts and tribunals and how these powers are used in practice. Without access to state-backed enforcement measures, international adjudicators must rely on their authority to influence real-world outcomes. The book reviews, and offers a comprehensive theory for, the various social mechanisms that explain why and how international judicial pronouncements affect the behaviour of states, influencing the views of individuals within states as well as changing states' mutual expectations of cooperative and sanction-worthy behaviour. The book considers how judicial remedies can induce compliance by targeting specific areas of disagreement, interpreting obligations, declaring violations, and establishing how wrongdoer states must offset unlawful injury. An often untapped type of remedy relies on the ability of courts to determine permissible responses to breach: what measures other actors may take to respond to violations, compelling wrongdoers to comply with their obligations and provide redress for injury.
Other than Paul, no writer has had greater influence on the theology of justification than Augustine. This landmark study fills an astonishing lacuna in scholarship, offering the first comprehensive study of Augustine's theology of justification. Bringing an innovative approach to the topic, Christopher Mooney follows Augustine's own insistence that justification in Scripture is impossible to define apart from a precise understanding of faith. He argues that Augustine came to distinguish three distinct senses of faith, which are motivated by fear, hope, or love. These three types of faith result in very different accounts of justification. To demonstrate this insight, Mooney offers a developmental reading of Augustine, from his earliest to his latest writings, with special focus on the nature of justification, faith, hope, baptism, Augustine's reading of Paul, the Pelagian controversy, and Christology. Clear and engaging, Mooney's study of Augustine also illuminates numerous related issues, such as his theology of grace, the virtues, biblical exegesis, and the sacraments.
This groundbreaking history traces the Red Army's advances across central Europe and the Balkans in 1944–1945. It focuses on the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts that occupied Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Austria. Utilizing material from archives across Russia, Ukraine, and Serbia, alongside diaries, memoirs, and interviews, Vojin Majstorivicì examines the official policies and troops' behavior in each country and analyzes military violations, from deserting and looting to widespread sexual violence. His findings show that the Red Army was an ill-disciplined force, but that military personnel committed fewer crimes against civilians in 'neutral Bulgaria' and 'friendly' Yugoslavia than in 'enemy' Romania, Hungary, and Austria. To explain the variation in troops' conduct, he stresses the interaction of several continuously evolving factors: Kremlin's policies, the severity of the fighting, the command's policies toward criminals, the official propaganda, and troops' martial masculinity, identity, and views of the local populations.
Much is known about the manifold ways in which ancient Greek religious beliefs and practices map onto the social and political structures of the ancient Greek polis. The way in which the individual served as the basic unit of ancient Greek religion, and the personal dimension of ancient Greek religion associated with it, is much less well understood. This book offers the first comprehensive study of ancient Greek personal religion since the major paradigm changes that affected the study of ancient Greek religion in recent years. An international cast of scholars explores ancient Greek personal religion in all its different facets. They do not treat the personal dimension of ancient Greek religion as an antipode of civic religion but rather as a complementary perspective that evolves within, alongside, and occasionally in opposition to the civic dimension of ancient Greek religion.
Aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate-level students, this textbook covers the core topics of quantum computing in a format designed for a single-semester course. It will be accessible to learners from a range of disciplines, with an understanding of linear algebra being the primary prerequisite. The textbook introduces central concepts such as quantum mechanics, the quantum circuit model, and quantum algorithms, and covers advanced subjects such as the surface code and topological quantum computation. These topics are essential for understanding the role of symmetries in error correction and the stability of quantum architectures, which situate quantum computation within the wider realm of theoretical physics. Graphical representations and exercises are included throughout the book and optional expanded materials are summarized within boxed 'Remarks'. Lecture notes have been made freely available for download from the textbook's webpage, with instructors having additional online access to selected exercise solutions.
This book focuses on the modernist epic, analyzing the intricate manifestations of nostalgia in these texts in order to provide a new perspective on the emotion's political ramifications. It argues that the modernist epic, with its fragmentary forms and vast allusive range, exhibits a mode of nostalgia that disrupts linear cultural tradition in favor of layering and juxtaposing past and present. Focusing on techniques like juxtaposition and parallelism not only provides insight into modernist poetics; it also permits a more complex assessment of nostalgia's cultural implications. The methodological lens of literary form illuminates how these texts seek neither to abandon nor to reconstruct the past, rather striving to preserve and reimagine it. This innovative poetics of nostalgia addresses not only literary scholarship, but also history, politics, classics, and media and cultural studies.Archlgcl Hokkdo Japan Indgns Hokkdo.
Is there a human nature? Can knowledge of it help us live better lives? This book synthesises ancient and modern philosophical ideas and draws on scientific research to answer yes to both these questions. It develops an innovative normative theory on the basis of commonsensical, naturalistic, premisses; and it defends an Aristotelian normative theory -- whereby we should understand human goods as realisations or perfections of human nature -- against both traditional and emerging challenges to perfectionist ethics, including evolutionary biology and transhumanism. The result is a ground-breaking theory of 'natural perfectionism', which both returns perfectionistic ethics to its Aristotelian roots and shows how this is compatible with evolutionary biology and cognitive science. At a time when the very idea of human nature is viewed as something that can be readily transcended, this work recalls us to a realistic, sober and better-founded vision of it.
How do we thrive sustainably on planet Earth? This is an urgent question to which this book provides a range of fresh responses. From diverse disciplinary perspectives, academics provide compelling visions for education that disrupt but also open up and inspire new pedagogic opportunities. Responding to these visions, teachers, teaching assistants and school leaders offer practical reflections, describing the ways they are living out these new ideas in their classrooms and schools. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, the book invites us to consider what education can and ought to look like in a world beset by challenges. Despite the seriousness of the manifestos, there is optimism and purpose in each chapter, as well as a desire to raise the voices of children and young people: our compassionate citizens of the future. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
In business terms, a 'unicorn' is a privately-owned startup company valued at over $1 billion. While unicorns have predominantly been a feature of well-developed economies, such as the USA and Europe, recent years have seen their increase in emerging economies – to the extent that these markets now host one-third of the world's unicorns. The emergence of unicorns from the Global South represents a transformative shift in the global business and innovation landscape. Despite limited systematic knowledge on this novel phenomenon, high-growth, innovation-driven companies from emerging economies are rapidly positioning themselves at the forefront of technology and business model innovation. These firms challenge the traditional dominance of established markets, asserting their influence on a global scale. This book offers an in-depth analysis of this fast-evolving process, covering a wide geographical range of unicorns. These dynamic new players have the impact and potential to reshape the future of business worldwide.
Bringing together an international team of scholars from various linguistic areas, theoretical viewpoints, and educational contexts, this book makes the case for strengthening the role of linguistics in second language (L2) teaching and learning. Seeing first-hand themselves how the strengths and tools of the science of language contribute greatly to pedagogical effectiveness in the L2 classroom, the authors of each chapter lay out the strengths of linguistics for L2 teaching and learning with examples, case studies, research, anecdotal evidence, illustrations, and sample activities for the language classroom. The book argues as well for the place of L2 theory and data in linguistic inquiry and linguistics education. Bringing these disparate disciplines together around the shared reality of language itself has great promise of mutual benefit. Accessibly written with readers from both disciplines in mind, each chapter includes recommended readings and discussion questions intended to spark conversations across the disciplines.
While most programmes in neuroscience are understandably built around imparting foundational knowledge of cell biology, neurons, networks and physiology, there is less attention paid to critical perspectives on methods. This book addresses this gap by covering a broad array of topics including the philosophy of science, challenges of terminology and language, reductionism, and social aspects of science to challenge claims to explanation and understanding in neuroscience. Using examples from dominant areas of neuroscience research alongside novel material from systems that are less often presented, it promotes the general need of scientists (and non-scientists) to think critically. Chapters also explore translations between neuroscience and technology, artificial intelligence, education, and criminology. Featuring accessible material alongside further resources for deeper study, this work serves as an essential resource for undergraduate and graduate courses in psychology, neuroscience, and biological sciences, while also supporting researchers in exploring philosophical and methodological challenges in contemporary research.
Consent has been celebrated as a guarantor of liberty and self-determination; however, its history suggests a different meaning. In this book, Sonia Tycko reconstructs the coercive role of contracts in early modern English labor. The long-term, long-distance, and high-risk nature of pauper apprenticeships, transatlantic indentured servitude, military conscription, and prisoners of war labor drove some English people to develop consent into a tool of labor coercion. Coercion could constitute valid consent for people whose social position, age, and gender fit the profile of natural laborers. Many subordinates experienced consenting-or the presumption of their consent-as a form of acceptance of, or even submission to, their position. This book reveals that early modern labor was one of the fields in which ideas of freedom of contract, voluntariness, and enticement developed.
South Asia's economies, as well as the scholarship on their economic histories, have been transformed in recent decades. This landmark new reference history will guide economists and historians through these transformations in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Part I revisits the colonial period with fresh perspectives and updated scholarship, incorporating recent research on topics such as gender, caste, environment, and entrepreneurship. The contributors highlight the complex and diverse experiences of different groups to offer a more nuanced understanding of the past. Part II focuses on economic and social changes in South Asia over the last seventy-five years, offering a comprehensive view of the region's historical trajectory. Together, the contributions to this volume help to reassess the impact of colonialism through a more informed lens, as well as providing analysis of the challenges and progress made since independence.