There are a number of reasons to consider realistic models of supersymmetry that go beyond the MSSM. The first reason is connected to the $\mu$ problem, which was introduced in Section 14.6. Naively, one would expect the dimensionful parameter $\mu$ to be of the same order of magnitude as the largest possible mass scale.

The cases and materials in this book complement the introduction to administrative law provided in Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law, third edition (‘the textbook’). It is assumed that readers of this book will also have access to the textbook. The chapters in this book mirror those in the textbook. We envisage that readers will begin their study of a topic by reading the relevant section of the textbook and will turn to this book to study key cases and concepts in greater depth. This introductory chapter provides a range of perspectives on the relationship between administrative law and the rule of law, and introduces the overarching concept that we use to explain administrative law principles and mechanisms: the idea of accountability.

In the Standard Model of particle physics presented in Section 4.7, the three neutrinos are exactly massless. However, the experimental observation of neutrino mixing strongly suggests that at least two of the three neutrinos are massive.

The cases and materials in this book complement the introduction to administrative law provided in Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law, third edition (‘the textbook’). It is assumed that readers of this book will also have access to the textbook. The chapters in this book mirror those in the textbook. We envisage that readers will begin their study of a topic by reading the relevant section of the textbook and will turn to this book to study key cases and concepts in greater depth. This introductory chapter provides a range of perspectives on the relationship between administrative law and the rule of law, and introduces the overarching concept that we use to explain administrative law principles and mechanisms: the idea of accountability.

Describes the rationale for, and approach to, regulation of the water industry. Considers the effects of restructuring, the impacts of private participation in water, and the use of formal water markets

Defines economic regulation and explains the importance of economic regulation to modern life. It also describes the changes from the first edition and the structure of the book

This chapter complements Chapter 14 of Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law, third edition. The grounds of review in this chapter arise as a matter of general presumption or implication, unless excluded by statute. The extracts relate to the grounds of improper purpose, acting under dictation and inflexible application of policy, unreasonableness, irrationality/illogicality, and no evidence. Several of these cases illustrate the interplay between different grounds of review.

Describes the characteristics of digital platforms and the debates about the need for regulation of such platforms. Also sets out the policies that have been introduced in different jurisdictions

This chapter complements Chapter 8 of Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law, third edition. This chapter provides perspectives on tribunal independence and the relationship of tribunals to primary decision-makers. These perspectives give readers the tools to understand and evaluate the characteristics of individual tribunals, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of merits review by a tribunal. The second section of the chapter highlights pivotal moments in the development of Australia’s system of administrative tribunals at the Commonwealth and state/territory level respectively. Key government reports – starting with the Kerr Committee’s seminal 1971 contribution – and commentary provide snapshots of how tribunals have been considered at their inception, during their operation, and after amalgamation. The chapter concludes with extracts from landmark High Court cases explaining the role of merits review tribunals.

To motivate the introduction of four component spinors for spin-1/2 particles, it is instructive to compare real and complex scalar fields that describe spin-0 particles. Consider a free scalar field theory with two real, mass-degenerate scalar fields ${\varphi }_1\left(x\right)$ and ${\varphi }_2\left(x\right)$.