As the number of working parents rises, employers are increasingly called upon to support employees’ work–family (WF) obligations. Grounded in conservation of resources theory, we examined how providing varying degrees of parental support (paid vs. unpaid leave and family-supportive vs. -unsupportive leadership) is mutually beneficial to employee and organizational well-being – the ultimate criterion for organizational science. Participants (N = 538) were randomly assigned to read vignettes that varied the amount of parental support provided for expectant working parents. We tested whether WF benefits fairness perceptions moderated the indirect effects of parental support on felt obligation through job-related anxiety. Findings supported our proposed moderated-mediation model, with the most positive effects when full parental support was provided to individuals with high fairness perceptions. Our research highlights the value of providing both paid leave and family-supportive leadership, while also considering employees’ fairness perceptions, to reap the most gains of employee and organizational well-being.

The evolution of the CJEU’s jurisprudence has led to the emergence of a distinct, sector-specific notion of economic activity in the context of services delivered within public healthcare systems. This interpretation diverges markedly from the general framework applied in other sectors. This form of conceptual dualism lacks a clear normative foundation in the provisions of the TFEU and poses a potential challenge to the integrity of the role assigned to services of general economic interest under both the Treaty and established CJEU case law. Significantly, the exclusion of practically all activities within public healthcare systems from the ambit of EU competition law has the potential to generate significant distortions of competition. This is particularly relevant in the context of healthcare systems, such as that of Poland, which exhibit a mixed structure and where public and private providers engage in substantial competition.

The pursuit of measures to enhance the environmental sustainability of societies has shifted to become a core aspect of contemporary public policy. Taxation measures, intended to alter the behaviour of individuals and households, have become a central plank of many nations’ policy response. However, these initiatives arise alongside other taxation and redistributive policy objectives focused on equity.

The purpose of this article is to explore the taxation policy design challenges raised by attempts to pursue simultaneously environmental goals and traditional social policy objectives regarding social justice in line with sustainable development principles. Focusing on the experience of two liberal political economies with broadly similar tax structures but whose approach to carbon taxation has varied, Ireland and the UK, the article develops a social policy framework, inspired by the energy justice literature, to facilitate a holistic delineation of the social implications of carbon taxation in the two countries.

The international solidarity principle is a crucial legal norm of international society. It helps guide state conduct and facilitate cooperation among international actors to respond to global challenges and uphold human rights. The European Union (EU) and its Member States have argued that their bilateral agreements with non-EU countries to prevent irregular migration to Europe is a demonstration of international solidarity that fulfils their obligations to asylum seekers and refugees. However, the EU’s interpretation of international solidarity in these arrangements has been contested. This article argues that the EU has strategically interpreted the international solidarity principle to fit in with, and complement, its migration deterrence policy framework. It posits that the EU’s interpretation abuses the international solidarity principle as it aims to separate the solidarity principle from the realisation of human rights, thereby hurting, instead of benefitting, asylum seekers and refugees. This article makes an important contribution to understanding how the solidarity principle is interpreted between EU and non-EU partners, and the intimate connection between solidarity and the realisation of human rights. More importantly, it demonstrates how the interpretation and evasion of the international solidarity principle has been shaped by, and shaped to fit, the EU’s migration externalisation policy framework.

Disease resistance breeding of wheat using molecular markers aims to efficiently identify and incorporate key resistance genes against stripe rust into elite wheat cultivars. This approach enhances the precision and speed of breeding programs to develop durable, resistant wheat varieties capable of withstanding Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infections, ultimately contributing to sustainable wheat production and global food security. A total of 174 bread wheat genotypes, comprising 94 Turkish cultivars and 80 exotic landraces obtained from the USDA, were screened using gene-specific markers for the stripe rust resistance genes Yr15 and Yr5. The Yr15 resistance gene was detected in 31 genotypes, including 22 Turkish cultivars and nine USDA landraces. The Yr5 resistance gene was not found in any of the tested germplasm, but the susceptibility gene was identified in 77 genotypes. Turkish cultivars showed higher susceptibility to stripe rust, with 46 out of 94 genotypes vulnerable, compared to 25 out of 80 USDA genotypes. These findings highlight the urgent need to integrate Yr15 and other resistance genes into wheat breeding programs to enhance crop resilience against evolving Pst isolates, thereby ensuring sustainable wheat production and contributing to global food security.

We examine the arguments made by Onitiu and colleagues concerning the need to adopt a “backward-walking logic” to manage the risks arising from the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) adapted for a medical purpose. We examine what lessons can be learned from existing multi-use technologies and applied to specialized LLMs, notwithstanding their novelty, and explore the appropriate respective roles of device providers and regulators within the ecosystem of technological oversight.

Imaging genetics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates neuroimaging and genetic data to improve behavioral prediction and investigate the genetic bases of brain structure and function. It aims to identify associations between genetic markers and brain imaging phenotypes, with a behavioral or clinical trait as the outcome of interest. Since its emergence nearly 30 years ago, the field has advanced substantially, fueled by rapid developments in molecular-genetic and neuroimaging techniques. These advances have opened new avenues for exploring individual differences in cognitive and socio-emotional development and their links to neurodevelopmental disorders. This systematic review examined studies published between 2020 and 2024, focusing on developmental psychopathology. We screened 769 articles from PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO and selected 42 publications that met specific inclusion criteria for review. The studies were categorized into three groups based on the developmental ages in which conditions typically develop: birth/early childhood, late childhood or early adolescence, and late adolescence. Although the field has seen considerable progress, multiple challenges in data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation remain. Larger sample sizes and novel analytical techniques are crucial for the continued advancement of imaging genetics, with animal studies offering potential complementary insights.

The years immediately following the issue of Magna Carta and the death of John were of fundamental importance in determining the trajectory of the nascent common law legal system. Although the existence of the Bench had functionally been permanently established under chapter seventeen of Magna Carta, the central royal court faced an uncertain future under conciliar rule and in the aftermath of extensive civil conflict. The extensive extant records of the common law fines made to initiate actions in the Bench as recorded the Fine Rolls offer a window into the roles played by the court in relation to litigants, within the wider structure of royal governance, and in relation to a rapidly evolving legal system. An analysis of these sources can therefore both illuminate the early workings of the common law legal procedures and characterize the demand for royal justice that survived the First Barons’ War before continuing to grow across the thirteenth century. What emerges is a picture of a judicial system at the onset of a period of rapid development and widespread demand that would come to lay the foundation for the massive expansion of royal justice that was to follow throughout the reign of Henry III and beyond.

Biological and physical retrospective dosimetry for ionizing radiation exposure is a rapidly growing field, and several methods for performing biological and physical retrospective dosimetry have been developed to provide absorbed dose estimates for individuals after occupational, accidental, intentional, and incidental exposures to ionizing radiation. In large-scale radiological/nuclear incidents, multiple retrospective dosimetry laboratories from several countries may be involved in providing timely dose estimates for effective medical management of several thousand exposed individuals. In such scenarios, the harmonization of methods among participating laboratories is crucial for consistency in data analysis, dose estimation, and medical decision-making. In this regard, ISO documents ensure that these practices are standardized globally across the laboratories by providing quality assurance and quality control documentation that guide laboratories in maintaining high-quality performance for consistency. With the intent of bringing standardization and harmonization of biological and physical retrospective dosimetry methodologies across national and international laboratories, the ISO working group 18 (WG18) was established under ISO/TC85/SC2 (Technical Committee 85, Subcommittee 2-Radiation Protection) in 1999. This manuscript summarizes some of the past, current, and future activities of WG18 on biological and physical retrospective dosimetry.