Trauma and Recovery by Judith Herman was published in 1992. This article explores its relevance and legacy for today in the trauma field, particularly with the new ICD-11 diagnosis of complex post-traumatic disorder.

Terrestrial gastropods can incorporate carbon from multiple sources, including 14C-depleted carbonate from limestone, known as the “Limestone Problem” (Goodfriend and Stipp 1983). This affects the reliability of 14C dating on terrestrial snails, and varies by species, habitat, and physiography, necessitating local validation studies. This study assessed whether two land snail taxa common in carbonate terrains of Florida (USA) accurately reflect atmospheric 14C concentration at the time of biomineralization, a necessary condition for accurate dating, or if they incorporate pre-aged carbon, leading to radiocarbon ages that are “too old.” Radiocarbon measurements were made on 11 modern, known-age specimens (collected 1967–2015) of the rosy wolfsnail (Euglandina rosea) and flatcoil (Polygyra spp.) snails, and results were compared to expected atmospheric values based on the Bomb21 NH2 calibration dataset (Hua et al. 2022). Specimens from carbonate terrains had significantly lower 14C activity than the contemporaneous atmosphere, while those from sandy terrains showed no such offsets. The magnitude of the offset varied by taxon. Flatcoils from carbonate terrains had the most unreliable dates, overestimated by 1350 ± 740 14C yr on average. Rosy wolfsnails from carbonate terrains had smaller offsets, overestimating by 270 ± 130 14C yr on average. The results suggest land snails from Florida will incorporate significant and variable amounts of pre-aged or “dead” carbonate in their shells if it is present in the landscape.

The new collective quantitative target (NCQG) of at least $300 billion per year by 2035 was adopted at COP29 held in Baku in 2024. Given that criteria for allocating climate finance have not been specified, will the current trend of economic-based climate finance continue, or will it gradually shift towards human rights-based? Since the current economic-based trend has created a fossil fuel future for fossil-fuel-producing developing countries (FFPDCs), there is a need to rethink the criteria for allocating finance based on Human Rights-Based discourse. Such a trend is applicable in compensation for leaving fossil fuel underground. The Human Rights-Based approach ensures the human rights of poor and indigenous people in the sacrifice zones in the FFPDCs in line with the Paris Agreement. In this regard, a tool for allocation of climate finance could be the Human Rights Impact Assessment of fossil fuel extraction projects, alongside the Human Development Index of FFPDCs.

Isolated atrioventricular discordance with ventriculoarterial concordance, or ventricular inversion, is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that produces transposition-like physiology. We report a case of prenatally diagnosed ventricular inversion presenting with profound systemic hypoperfusion secondary to a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Initial management included prostaglandin E1 to maintain ductal patency and balloon atrial septostomy to promote intracardiac mixing. Despite these measures, the patient developed significant pulmonary overcirculation and systemic steal, necessitating urgent transcatheter PDA closure. This intervention resulted in immediate hemodynamic improvement and stabilization, allowing for subsequent definitive repair with VSD closure and Senning atrial switch. The case underscores the importance of individualized hemodynamic assessment and the potential for transcatheter ductal closure to temporize systemic perfusion in select patients with ventricular inversion prior to anatomic correction.

It no longer seems eccentric to suggest that the guitar merits a place in any balanced account of British musical life during the nineteenth century. This article concerns three previously unknown manuscript guitar books of that period, discovered serendipitously in bookshops or auction catalogues. None has ever figured in an institutional collection or bibliographical record hitherto. After a succinct introductory account, which surveys the books in relation to aspects of guitar history that are still largely unknown to most modern players of the ‘classical’ guitar (and are usually overlooked by many scholars of nineteenth-century music in general), there is an inventory of all three. Of particular interest is the range of places where these manuscripts were copied or used, which include Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Jabalpur in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, as well as Kempsey in Worcestershire and Dover in Kent. British guitar history in the nineteenth century has a global context that encompasses distant corners of the Empire.

In this article, we report new marine reservoir age correction (ΔR) values from the Marine20 calibration for the Penghu Islands in the Taiwan Strait over the past 6700 cal BP, derived from 14C and U-Th ages of Holocene corals. Since secondary calcite from diagenetic processes can influence coral 14C ages, we developed a pretreatment protocol that ensures low calcite content (<1%, 0.8±0.2%) using a combination of thorough physical cleaning and repeated XRD measurements. We compare our new measurements with published ΔR values from the region, recalculated to conform to the Marine20 dataset. The results show larger temporal variation (∼300 yr) in ΔR from 5500 to 6700 cal BP for the Penghu Islands and ∼400 yr variability at several SCS sites from 5500 to 8200 cal BP. Relatively smaller ΔR variability is observed from 0–5500 cal BP: ∼220 yr in the Penghu Islands and ∼320 yr for South China Sea sites. The weighted mean ΔR value of –155±59 14C yr for the past 5500 cal BP is determined as the marine reservoir age correction around Taiwan and northeastern SCS, and this value is consistent with modern values inherited from the North Equatorial Current, the upstream source of the Kuroshio Current that feeds the northeastern SCS and the Taiwan Strait.

As both human longevity and diagnostic ability improve, more individuals are being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia disease (Alzheimer’s). Yet there is a paucity of new Alzheimer’s research trials. One obstacle to research is the large number of Alzheimer’s patients deemed incapable of providing informed consent for clinical research. Research advance directives (RADs) offer patients the opportunity to provide informed consent before incapacity occurs. However, critics question whether RADs guarantee informed consent, claiming that due to the nature of the disease, the consenting agent is no longer the same person after becoming incapacitated. This paper assesses the debate while using a conception of personhood, informed by the latest Alzheimer’s research, which does not reduce the concept of personhood to psychological capacities. It explains how personal identity can persist despite Alzheimer’s, such that RADs can and should suffice for informed consent.

The objective of this research paper was to assess consumer knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards dairy fat. Adult participants completed a web-based survey collected from November 2022 to February 2023, across Mexico, Chile, and Argentina. In total, 1,204 respondents completed the survey. Most respondents were between 18 and 39 years old, female, educated, and employed. For both women (χ2 = 13.7, df = 4 p < 0.01) and men (χ2 = 26.7, df = 4 p < 0.01), the percentage of people who consume dairy products at least once a day increases with age. However, neither gender nor age affected the consumption of milk, yogurt, butter, cheese, or cream. An effect of country (χ2 = 330.2, df = 18 p < 0.01), age (χ2 = 69.2, df = 36 p < 0.01), and gender (χ2 = 69.2, df = 36 p < 0.01) was observed with respect to the type of milk consumed. In Mexico, whole milk consumption rates were highest, while semi-skimmed milk was favored in Chile, and skimmed milk in Argentina. Whole milk consumption was higher in men, however, skimmed and light milk were preferred by women. An effect of country (χ2 = 30.4, df = 14 p < 0.01) and age (χ2 = 70.1, df = 28 p < 0.01) was observed in relation to the type of fat that people consider most important. More respondents (48%) considered milk fat to be “healthy” or “very healthy” while no dependence was observed between countries and the relationship between the milk fat content and health. The best-known milk fat component in Argentina was omega-6 while Chilean consumers were less familiar with this component. Mexican consumers, gave greater importance to mono-unsaturated fats. Knowledge of other dairy fat groups and nutrients was similar across countries. This study benchmarks consumer knowledge and perceptions of dairy fat in Latin America, offering valuable insights for academia, industry, and consumers in the dairy sector.

Scholarship on cross-border migration and welfare state politics has focused on native-born individuals’ attitudes. How does migration affect the redistribution preferences of migrants—key constituents in host and home countries? We argue that migration causes migrants to adopt more fiscally conservative attitudes, driven not only by economic gains but also by psychological shifts toward self-reliance and beliefs in the prospect of upward mobility. We present results from a randomized controlled trial that facilitated labor migration from India to the Middle East. The intervention prompted high rates of cross-border migration and significantly reduced support for taxation and redistribution among migrants. By contrast, left-behind family members did not become more fiscally conservative despite also experiencing economic gains. While the migrants became economically confident and self-reliant, their family members grew increasingly dependent on remittances. Our results demonstrate that globalization’s impacts on welfare-state preferences depend on the pathways by which it generates economic opportunity.