Cognitive decline is a hallmark of brain ageing. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has emerged as a candidate biomarker related to brain ageing and neurodegeneration; however, reported associations with cognition and brain structure vary across cohorts. Long‑chain omega‑3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), exert anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant effects that may, in some contexts, relate to slower telomere attrition. Here, we synthesize evidence on n‑3 PUFAs, telomere biology, and cognitive outcomes, integrating clinical, epidemiologic, and experimental data. We emphasize biological plausibility (oxidative stress/inflammation, membrane remodeling, mitochondrial function and expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) through PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NRF2 and epigenetic modifications) while acknowledging heterogeneous human findings and methodological considerations (assay variability, life‑course timing, cognitive domains, and biomarker stratification). We outline priorities for future studies to clarify causal pathways and inform dietary strategies that support healthy cognitive ageing.

The improvement of the accuracy and real-time performance of sector traffic flow prediction is of great significance to air traffic management decision-making. Sectors operate under complex spatial structures and time dimensions. Some neural network methods adopt sequence order to gradually transmit information, which makes it difficult to achieve complete parallel training. Not only does it take too long to train, resulting in low training efficiency, but it is also easy to lose the effective correlation information of long sequence data. To this end, a sector traffic flow prediction method based on attention-improved graph convolutional transformer (AGC-T) network is proposed to improve the current traffic prediction problem for sectors. First, the graph structure information and historical traffic data of the sector are input into the graph convolutional network improved based on the attention mechanism to fully capture the spatial relationship with sectors as nodes. Combined with the transformer’s multi-head self-attention mechanism, it can directly focus on the sequence data at any position without gradually transmitting information. Not only does it improve efficiency through parallel training, but the encoder-decoder structure can also mine the information features in the traffic data, focus on the traffic data features of key nodes and more accurately predict sector traffic. Finally, the operation traffic data of sectors in typical areas in central and southern China are taken as an example to analyse the model. The results show that compared with other prediction models, the AGC-T model $RSME$, $MAE$ and ${R^2}$ are 45.16%, 46.78% and 2.63% higher than the GCN model in the 15-min single-day traffic prediction task, and 41.74%, 35.27% and 1.20% higher than the GRU model. In the single-week traffic prediction task, $RSME$, $MAE$ and ${R^2}$ are 37.12%, 40.54% and 3.55% higher than the GCN model, and 35.15%, 35.17% and 0.65% higher than the GRU model, respectively, showing better prediction performance. This study will help air navigation service providers (ANSP) to make sector traffic predictions more accurately, thereby implementing more scientific and reasonable traffic management measures.

This study provides quantitative evidence on UK public attitudes towards stateless people, comparing them with attitudes towards refugees and asylum seekers. A cross-sectional UK survey (n = 385) was conducted. Network analysis modelled associations between social policy attitudes and prejudice towards stateless people, refugees, and asylum seekers, alongside other variables, including political orientation and perceived threat. Social policy attitudes were more restrictive towards stateless people than refugees, but less restrictive than towards asylum seekers. Prejudice towards stateless people was not significantly different to that towards refugees or asylum seekers. Prejudice and social policy attitudes were highly interrelated between all three groups, with political orientation and perceived threat the strongest predictors. Findings demonstrate similarities in UK public attitudes towards stateless people, refugees, and asylum seekers. Awareness-raising interventions and interventions addressing political and threat-based narratives may be most effective in reducing discrimination and fostering inclusion of stateless people.

This article contains editions of three new copperplate charters of the kings of Valkhā who, in the late fourth and early fifth centuries ce, ruled a territory situated to the north of the Vākāṭaka kingdom along the Narmadā river. Ramesh and Tewari, the editors of the famous Bagh hoard of plates discovered in 1982, furnished a straightforward chronology of five successive Valkhā rulers on the basis of 32 plates known to them. However, one of the plates edited here flatly contradicts the sequence they proposed. It turns out that the dating of several previously known Valkhā charters is also controversial. It has been suggested by other scholars that there were, in fact, two kings of Valkhā by the name of Rudradāsa as well as two by the name of Bhuluṇḍa. A reinvestigation of old data combined with the newly edited plates confirms the former and shows a high likelihood of the latter.

Due to the extractive nature of quarrying activities, quarry workers are relatively invisible within the archaeological record. Through a focus on quarry implements, we argue that scholars can identify the individuals involved in the quarrying process as well as evaluate the economic and political networks tied to the extraction of limestone resources. In the Maya region, studies of quarrying tools are evaluated based on contextual and use-wear studies; however, quarrying tools are frequently recovered from mixed assemblages. To increase the identification of quarry workers within the archaeological record, we advance a limestone-quarrier tool kit, which emerges from previous archaeological, experimental, and ethnoarchaeological research. We evaluate this toolkit using a case study from Xultun, Guatemala to consider the multiple sociopolitical identities held by Classic period Maya quarry workers.

The study presents a novel approach to address challenges posed by singularities in robotic arm motion, focusing on Cartesian path planning and geometric path adherence. Recognizing limitations in traditional singularity avoidance methods, the research proposes a comprehensive strategy: reconstructing motion patterns in singular regions through singularity-consistent representations, applying arc-length reparameterization to Cartesian geometric paths, and incorporating path curvature as a dynamic weighting factor for sampling interval adjustment. This method achieves a balance between joint velocity smoothness and geometric tracking accuracy in Cartesian space, significantly enhancing the robot’s ability to adhere to prescribed geometric paths, particularly near singularities. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in facilitating smooth singularity transitions, improving joint velocity continuity, and enhancing geometric path adherence. The study contributes to robotic arm path planning by offering a practical solution for applications requiring precise trajectory following and effective singularity handling.

This paper seeks to summarise and critique aspects of our understanding of the famous monumental building inscriptions from the Antonine Wall, traditionally known as the distance slabs. It addresses the following themes: uniqueness; positioning; audience and message; disposal; units of measurement; records of distance; allocation of labour; order of construction; advance preparation; and location of the eastern terminus. It draws attention to some misconceptions and misinterpretations, and offers some new insights.

A ParasiteBlitz event offers a brief, intense opportunity to discover diverse parasite species and to reveal life cycles of heteroxenous parasite taxa. In this study, we describe Monomyxum ligophori n. sp., a hyperparasitic myxozoan (Monomyxidae) proliferating in two dactylogyrid monopisthocotylan flatworms (Ligophorus saladensis, Ligophorus mugilinus) infecting mugilid fishes (Mugil cephalus, Mugil curema) on the Atlantic coast of North America. Furthermore, we used DNA barcoding to infer the parasite’s complex life cycle, matching its hyperparasitic myxospore stages with actinospore stages infecting the polychaete Streblospio benedicti found in the same locality during the ParasiteBlitz and also reported previously from the same region. Thus we report the first life cycle of a myxozoan that most likely does not require a vertebrate host. Hyperparasitic myxozoans are rare with only five species reported worldwide to infect flatworms. This study provides more information on the previously discussed host specificity towards monopisthocotylan hosts of these monomyxid myxozoan hyperparasites. Notably, Monomyxum ligophori n. sp. was detected in two out of four gill-infecting parasitic flatworms (being absent in Ligophorus uruguayensis and Metamicrocotyla macracantha) found infecting the same fish individuals during the ParasiteBlitz. Our molecular data and phylogenetic analysis support the previously suggested common origin of Monomyxum species infecting monopisthocotylan flatworms, and contribute to understanding the life cycle and host interactions of this unique hyperparasitic myxozoan lineage.