While statistical learning of adjacent constructions is well-documented in SLA, our knowledge of this cognitive mechanism concerning nonadjacent constructions remains limited. To address this, we investigated the acquisition of Mandarin predicate-argument constructions containing the preposition duì. Specifically, via a corpus-based approach, we probed whether learners’ core predicate use within these nonadjacent constructions mirrors the patterns of frequency and contingency in their natural language input. Our findings show that learners’ usage aligns with target language distributional regularities, which is consistent with statistical learning. However, our study underscores the necessity of going beyond a sole focus on distributional factors within learners’ input to more fully comprehend L2 production choices and the intricacies of statistical learning. This includes examining variables that shape learners’ exposure to input, such as input accessibility, proficiency, and prototypicality. Finally, we demonstrate the suitability of mixed-effects negative binomial regression to effectively address non-normality and overdispersion in linguistic data.

Lipids are essential for child development. Nutritional recommendations are numerous, evolving over time and are often based on expert opinions more than evidence-based medicine. The objective of this review is to critically analyse the evolution of current nutritional recommendations, identify existing knowledge gaps and propose avenues for improvement to optimise infant nutrition and development. A narrative literature review on Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases (2001–22) was conducted with the keywords: ‘alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, children, cholesterol, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, guidelines, infant, long-chain (LC) PUFA, linoleic acid, lipids and dietary intakes, newborn, palmitic acid and toddler’. Among 861 articles identified, 133 were selected. The main current recommendations are issued by the French Agency for Food Safety (AFSSA), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES) and the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (FAO-WHO). In infants from 0 to 3 years of age the main challenge is to increase lipid intake while maintaining an optimal omega 6/omega 3 ratio. Current recommendations are focused on polyunsaturated fatty acids, emphasising the intake of linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids without any specific recommendation for arachidonic acid before the age of 6 months. Points of interest, but without any recommendation, are the incorporation of milk fat, cholesterol, monounsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids for infants under 6 months. In conclusion, this article identifies knowledge gaps regarding the structural aspect of lipids and the integration of new categories of lipids in future recommendations to promote the quality of infant formulas.

This article examines the parallel yet divergent histories of Indiaʼs and Chinaʼs Antarctic programmes, exploring their geopolitical, scientific, and cultural dimensions. Both nations, initially excluded from the Western-dominated Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), joined in the 1980s, marking a shift in their approach to the southern polar region. India, driven by post-colonial solidarity and environmental concerns, has focused on scientific research and conservation, while China has expanded its activities to include resource extraction and satellite surveillance, aligning with Russia to influence ATS policies. Both countries have leveraged their Antarctic presence to reinforce civilisational narratives—Indiaʼs Akhand Bharat and Chinaʼs tian xia—extending their cultural and geopolitical spheres. This article highlights their shared ambivalence towards ATS governance, their evolving strategies, and the role of Antarctica in their broader worldmaking projects. It argues that understanding these intertwined histories is crucial for addressing the conceptual clash between Global North-led environmental restrictions and Global South approaches to common resources, with implications for global climate and environmental governance.

This article analyses the naming of streets in late nineteenth-century Kyiv. Building on scholarship on critical toponymy and using unpublished archival sources, it presents street naming as more multifunctional than usually recognized. Besides orientation and ideology, toponyms were believed to be able to raise property value and attract tourists. By highlighting the debates among landlords, municipal authorities and imperial officials around commercialization and temporalization of the streetscape of late imperial Kyiv, the article demonstrates how economic priorities accompanied and even sometimes outweighed political considerations in determining toponymical choices.

This paper examines how automated multiphasic health testing and services (AMHTS), which were originally developed in the United States but never widely adopted there, gained traction in Japan despite being excluded from the country’s public health insurance system. Drawing on Fitzgerald et al.’s theory of interlocking interactions, we show how Japanese physicians and other stakeholders reframed AMHTS as a streamlined and affordable alternative to Ningen Dokku, Japan’s high-cost, elite medical checkup service. This creative reinterpretation helped spur efforts by actors such as the National Federation of Health Insurance Societies (Kenporen) to provide health screening subsidies outside the formal insurance framework, which supported the widespread adoption of the AMHTS by middle-class consumers. We introduce the concept of the “democratization of premium health services” to explain how care originally designed for elite users was redefined as both accessible and trustworthy. By highlighting how symbolic framing can promote innovation diffusion even beyond formal institutional boundaries, this study contributes to the business history of health care.

Bishkek became the administrative centre of the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast in December 1924, meaning that Bishkek became the capital city for the Soviet Kyrgyz Republic when it was declared in 1926. This elevation in status coincided with an inauspicious economic and social situation for the city, which was still recovering from the violence of the late imperial era. Ethnic relations in Bishkek and its environs were strained, particularly over the land question. Yet, the acquisition of pastureland by the Kyrgyz population in the Bishkek region appears as a quirk of urban land management rather than a conscious policy of reparations.

In this study, we aimed to develop high permittivity $\text{TiO}_{2}$ ceramics ideal for the fabrication of all-dielectric metamaterials (ADM) operational in the terahertz frequency. $\text{TiO}_{2}$ ceramic pellets have been fabricated from a commercial powder. A comparative analysis was conducted between spark plasma sintering (SPS) and conventional sintering process. Characterizations were then carried out in the range of 0.2–1.4 THz using THz time-domain spectroscopy. We observed that the samples fabricated by the SPS and post-annealing treatment exhibit a high permittivity associated with minimal loss (${\varepsilon^{ \prime}} \simeq$ 100 and $\tan\delta \lt $ 0.015). These characteristics make these samples optimal candidates for achieving a negative or near-zero effective index in all-dielectric metamaterials. In addition, four micro-structuring processes were investigated to produce ADM operating in the terahertz range from the ceramics:

(i) micro-molding,

(ii) direct $\text{TiO}_{2}$ etching by inductively coupled plasma,

(iii) saw cutting and

(iv) femtosecond laser etching.

In this paper, we introduce a unified framework based on the pathwise expansion method to derive explicit recursive formulas for cumulative distribution functions, option prices, and transition densities in multivariate diffusion models. A key innovation of our approach is the introduction of the quasi-Lamperti transform, which normalizes the diffusion matrix at the initial time. This transformation facilitates expansions using uncorrelated Brownian motions, effectively reducing multivariate problems to one-dimensional computations. Consequently, both the analysis and the computation are significantly simplified. We also present two novel applications of the pathwise expansion method. Specifically, we employ the proposed framework to compute the value-at-risk for stock portfolios and to evaluate complex derivatives, such as forward-starting options. Our method has the flexibility to accommodate models with diverse features, including stochastic risk premiums, stochastic volatility, and nonaffine structures. Numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of our approach. In addition, as a theoretical contribution, we establish an equivalence between the pathwise expansion method and the Hermite polynomial-based expansion method in the literature.

Genus Citrus L. (Family: Rutaceae), thrives best in tropical/sub-tropical climates, finds a perfect ecosystem in Meghalaya (home for National Citrus Gene Sanctuary), a North-Eastern Indian State. This state harbors rich diversity of Citrus species; however, they are under severe threat due to anthropogenic activities. Hence, present study was undertaken during 2021–22 to explore, collect, characterize and document Citrus species diversity for their conservation and posterity use. Total of 57 accessions belonging to 13 different Citrus species were collected and 48 traits (16 quantitative and 32 qualitative) were recorded for each accession, using IPGRI descriptors (1999). Garo and Khasi hills are hotspots for Citrus diversity, harboring a significant number of citrus species. Notably, South Garo Hills and West Khasi Hills emerged as critical regions for the conservation of wild Citrus species, particularly C. indica in South Garo Hills. Most species exhibited large leaf length (>75 mm), whereas, wild species C. latipes had smaller leaves (29.7 mm). Cluster analysis formed the dendrogram by using jaccard’s similarity index based UPGMA method with six clusters and showed higher levels of complexity between Citrus species at inter and intra-cluster levels. PCA analysis explained about 73.3% cumulative genetic variation present among them and the first three PCs as 37.7, 20.5 and 15.1%, respectively. Fruit-related traits (size, shape, colour, apex shape, surface texture, rind thickness, axis, pulp colour and firmness) were identified as diagnostic character for distinguishing different Citrus species or major Citrus fruit groups and also useful for field identification during exploration trips and curators in Genebank management.

This article re-examines the geography of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Havana through the gendered lens of Black freedom and enslavement. The author uses fragmentary evidence surrounding the disappearance of Margarita, a young, enslaved girl in 1820s Havana, to suggest how the city’s African and African-descended residents navigated urban space in opposition to colonial design and function. In the process, the author suggests the ways in which the interventions of Black residents, influenced by the ecologies internal to the port, were pivotal to the production of urban space and the geographies of slavery.

Starting in the 1830s, French musicians began to fully engage with the concept of nostalgia as an affective category and as a musical trait. The deliberate artistic process of naming music and musical works as ‘nostalgia’ contributed to the demedicalization of the term while transforming its original meaning as homesickness into a spectrum of spatiotemporal emotions. Musical renditions of nostalgia also displaced expressions and discussions of this emotion away from the countryside, where it had originally been rooted, towards the city. Musicians thus directly participated in the transformation of nostalgia into a commodity, a fashionable product that could be purchased in music stores, experienced firsthand in entertainment venues, and tailored to the needs and desires of an urban population.

This article traces the shift in the evocation of nostalgia in music and the musical press during the nineteenth century in Paris, where it became most prevalent in dozens of vocal romances and instrumental pieces. The compositions that I analyse, rather than forming a unified depiction of the city, offer a range of sonorous and thematic ideas that provide a more comprehensive understanding of the place nostalgia played in the imagination of an urban population increasingly conscious of its artistic value and impact. I thus uncover three main stages in this shift, which show how successive generations of musicians, influenced by different attitudes to urbanity, conceived nostalgia. I investigate why composers drawn to nostalgia were attracted to certain types of musical and formal models, what these choices reveal about their understanding of nostalgia and its purpose, and, more importantly, what this musical nostalgia sounded like. This article provides the first overview of works that deliberately use nostalgia as an explicit topic across genres and generations in nineteenth-century Paris.

The Antikythera shipwreck provides a rare chronological anchor in the history of Greek sculpture. The cargo, a massive haul of more than four-dozen bronze and marble statues, in addition to amphorae and portable luxury goods, was lost at sea c. 70–50 BCE, possibly later, along the north-east coast of the island of Antikythera. Previous research on the sculptural assemblage from the wreck has focused on the style and iconographic heritage of individual statues. This article examines the statuary as a gathered whole to isolate trends in material, size, and subject matter. The results suggest a main setting where some, maybe all, of the statues might have originally been displayed: the gymnasion. The statues were probably obtained through plunder or extortion, not normal commercial activity. The study concludes by considering where the statues might have been set up once they reached their presumed destination in Italy. It is shown that the statues were most appropriate for display in a lavish public building in Rome.

Human milk and direct breastfeeding provide the optimal, biologically normative nutrition for hospitalised infants, with well-established benefits for immune, gut, cardiac, brain, and maternal health. Despite these benefits, human milk and breastfeeding rates for infants with CHD in high-resource countries are typically low, and there are no formal guidelines to drive CHD breastfeeding practice. Our aim is to (1) summarise the evidence on breastfeeding for infants with CHD, (2) discuss key barriers to and facilitators of breastfeeding in this population, (3) identify critical research and practice gaps to improve breastfeeding care in CHD, and (4) provide recommendations for clinical practice and future research.

Primary breastfeeding barriers for infants with CHD include (1) concern for dysphagia/aspiration, (2) concerns related to weight gain, (3) clinical instability/sickness, (4) developmental considerations, (5) general breastfeeding challenges, and (6) workflow and implementation issues, with racism and health disparities also contributing. The evidence to support these barriers is limited and often conflicting. Breastfeeding facilitators for preterm infants are well described, but facilitators may require modification for infants with CHD. Most lactation interventions have not been tested in CHD populations. Current evidence does not support automatic withholding of breastfeeding from infants with CHD; rather, the benefits of breastfeeding likely outweigh many potential concerns. There is a critical need for research and quality improvement to identify interventions that equitably and effectively support breastfeeding for infants with CHD and to evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on short- and long-term physical, psychological, and developmental outcomes for infants and families.

We evaluated the impact of silencing penicillin cross-reactivity alerts on perioperative antibiotic prescribing and surgical site infections (SSIs) in 6 hospitals using an interrupted time series analysis. Silencing the alerts minimally increased cefazolin prescribing among penicillin allergy labeled patients (sensitivity analysis only; P = 0.03) and had no influence on SSIs (P = 0.32).