This chapter develops the second core feature of the MOUDD theory, the whole nervous system model of the neurophysiological basis of phenomenal consciousness. It develops an allied conception of consciousness as involving hyperexperience and different forms and degrees of consciousness.

This chapter presents a synthesis of practise for the application of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Psychosis and Complex Mental health. An overview structure and pathway for the organisation of Psychosis and Complex Mental Health services is detailed. We suggest this service structure provides optimal context to maximise the impact of CBT directly for patient benefit and also through indirect applied psychological activity distributed to the wider multi-disciplinary PCMH staff group involved in the pathway. The adaptations of CBT for acute in-patient and crisis care are discussed which serves as context and preparation for further focus on disorder specific CBT interventions for psychosis, personality disorder and bi-polar disorder. The reader is referred to clinically applicable underlying psychological principles and concepts, orientating towards a frame of reference with which to approach therapeutic work in the complex mental health field. Additional reading is recommended where evidence based disorder specific approaches are covered comprehensively. The overall aim is to present a coherent psychologically informed pathway approach for Psychosis and Complex Mental Health with which the reader can equip themselves to begin the design, planning and implementation of CBT within a conceptual framework that supports patients, the wider mental health staff group and therapists themselves to best effect.

The definitions of the emotions in Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations 3 which refer to magnitude are not meant to represent Stoic orthodoxy, and should not be read as direct evidence for the Stoic theory. Cicero’s aims and methods in the Tusculans led him to use non-Stoic accounts of the emotions, in order to offer a kind of consolation that is neutral between Stoic and Peripatetic theories of value. This chapter also discusses the structure of the Tusculans as a unified whole.

Chapter 6 covers the topic of bipolar disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with bipolar disorder in manic and depressive relapses. We delineate the investigations to rule out organic causes and explore treatment options and its side effects. Topics covered include the symptoms, investigations, differential diagnoses, treatment of mania and bipolar depression including pharmacological and psychological therapies, lithium monitoring and side effects.

Describe in brief a comprehensive overview of the evidence-base for CBT across the range of common mental health conditions.

Critically appraise the evidence-base for CBT for depression and the anxietry disorders.

Exercise choice for your treatment approach based on the evidence-base for CBT.

Use the evidence-base for CBT to support the use of CBT where treatment protocols are lacking or are under-developed.

Better equipped to function more confidently as an evidence-based clinician by appraising yourself of outcome literature for CBT.

This chapter presents a framework for learning useful representations, or embeddings, of networks. Building on the statistical models from Chapter 4, we explore techniques to transform complex network data into vector representations suitable for traditional machine learning algorithms. We begin with maximum likelihood estimation for simple network models, then motivate the need for network embeddings by contrasting network dependencies with typical machine learning independence assumptions. We progress through spectral embedding methods, introducing adjacency spectral embedding (ASE) for learning latent position representations from adjacency matrices, and Laplacian spectral embedding (LSE) as an alternative approach effective for networks with degree heterogeneities. The chapter then extends to multiple network representations, exploring parallel techniques like omnibus embedding (OMNI) and fused methods such as multiple adjacency spectral embedding (MASE). We conclude by addressing the estimation of appropriate latent dimensions for embeddings. Throughout, we emphasize practical applications with code examples and visualizations. This unified framework for network embedding enables the application of various machine learning algorithms to network analysis tasks, bridging complex network structures and traditional data analysis techniques.

Chapter 27 covers the topic of stimulants use disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the diagnosis of a patient with stimulants use disorder on first presentation. Topics covered include symptoms and diagnosis of acute intoxication and withdrawal symptoms of stimulants use.

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Several evidence-based CBT protocols for the treatment of GAD are presented and their clinical implications discussed using case examples. These protocols are 1) the applied relaxation protocol, 2) the Penn protocol, 3) the mastery of your anxiety and worry protocol, 4) the intolerance of uncertainty protocol, and 5) the Beckian cognitive protocol. In the chapter we present a theoretical overview of GAD from the perspective of each these protocols. The difference between adaptive and excessive worry is also discussed and how this distinction is important when it comes to identifying key maintenance factors of GAD and what needs to happen in treatment. The aim of this chapter is to help the clinician understand different theoretical accounts of GAD and why and how to use therapeutic techniques such as formulations, behavioural experiments, imaginal exposure, applied relaxation and cognitive restructuring when treating GAD. Furthermore, how to address co-morbidity with other mental or physical conditions and why working within the scientist-practitioner model is important when it comes to developing treatment plans for GAD treatment.

Chapter 7 covers the topic of generalised anxiety disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with generalised anxiety disorder. We delineate the investigations to rule out organic causes and explore treatment options and its side effects. Topics covered include the symptoms, investigations, differential diagnoses, treatment of generalised anxiety disorder including pharmacological and psychological therapies.

The chapter will help you to be able to describe the impact of preoccupation, a sense of responsibility and locus of control in these related disorders, and explain how anxiety disorder interventions were further modified to better aid these populations