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How do we define plagiarism in literature? In this wide-ranging and innovative study, Muhsin J. al-Musawi examines debates surrounding literary authenticity across Arabic and Islamic culture over seven centuries. Al-Musawi argues that intertextual borrowing was driven by personal desire alongside the competitive economy of the Abbasid Islamic Empire. Here, accusations of plagiarism had wide-ranging consequences, as competition among poets and writers grew fierce, while philologists and critics served as public arbiters over controversies of alleged poetic thefts. Taking in an extensive remit of Arabic sources, from Persian writers to the poets of Andalusia and Morocco, al-Musawi extends his argument all the way to Ibrāhīm ᶜAbd al-Qādir al-Māzinī's writing in Egypt and the Iraqi poet Nāzik al-Malā՚ikah's work in the twentieth century to present 'theft' as a necessary condition of creative production in Arabic literature. As a result, this study sheds light on a vast yet understudied aspect of the Arabic literary tradition, while raising important questions surrounding the rising challenge of artificial intelligence in matters of academic integrity.
In this major new interpretation of Sino-North Korean relations, Gregg A. Brazinsky argues that neither the PRC nor the DPRK would have survived as socialist states without the ideal of Sino-North Korean friendship. Chinese and North Korean leaders encouraged mutual empathy and sentimental attachments between their citizens and then used these emotions to strengthen popular commitment to socialist state building. Drawing on an array of previously unexamined Chinese and North Korean sources, Brazinsky shows how mutual empathy helped to shape political, military, and cultural interactions between the two socialist allies. He explains why the unique relationship that Beijing and Pyongyang forged during the Korean War remained important throughout the Cold War and how it continues to influence the international relations of East Asia today.
While many studies of Islamic law have centred on the development of legal theory and substantive law, especially in their formative period of development, Mariam Sheibani instead argues that the rich legal history of the postformative period and the Islamic legal philosophy that developed in it have been comparatively neglected. This innovative study traces the ethical turn in medieval Islamic legal philosophy through the pioneering work of the prominent jurist and legal philosopher Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām (d. 660/1262). Sheibani demonstrates how Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām advanced a comprehensive analysis of the law's purposive and coherent rationality, articulated in a distinctive genre, with direct bearing on legal doctrine and social praxis. Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām expanded on previous theological and legal reasoning, furthering two ideas developed by Khurasani Shāfiʿīs: maṣlaḥa (human benefit) and qawāʿid (legal maxims). He also sought to embody and deploy its teachings for socioreligious reform in Ayyubid Damascus and Cairo, breaking with the dominant formalism of legal practice. The new forms of legal reasoning and writing that Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām developed would influence subsequent jurists from diverse legal schools and across regional traditions until the present day.
How do law and morality relate to each other in Kant's philosophy? Is law to be understood merely as an application of general moral principles to legal institutions, or does law have its own normativity that cannot be traced back to that of morality? This volume of new essays is a comprehensive treatment of law and morality in Kant, which also sheds new light on Kant's practical philosophy more broadly. The essays present different approaches to this core issue and address related topics including the justification of legal coercion, the role of freedom and autonomy for law and politics, legal punishment and the question of its ethical presuppositions, moral luck, and the role of permissive laws in Kant's legal and political philosophy. The volume will be of interest to researchers and graduate students working on Kant's moral and legal philosophy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Political parties often use moral arguments-judgements about fundamental notions of right and wrong-to frame and explain their political views. Morality is an aspect of politics that people are regularly exposed to in real life. But what role does moral rhetoric play in party politics? And how does it shape our views? Focusing on Western democracies, Shared Morals examines what moral rhetoric looks like, how it affects voters, and how it is relevant for democratic representation. Drawing from studies on party competition, political behavior, and moral and political psychology, the book illustrates that moral rhetoric is an integral aspect of party communication. Yet, unlike many current narratives in the scholarly and policymaking worlds, Shared Morals draws attention to the potential for moral rhetoric to highlight common grounds, bridge differences, and bring people together.
This book offers a roadmap to applying anti-oppressive theories, frameworks, and concepts to clinical social work supervision and leadership. It introduces anti-oppressive practice, Critical Race Theory, empowerment practice, transgender and critical gender studies, DEIPAR, critical Black studies, queer studies, and intersectionality, alongside other concepts. Offering practical guidance, reference, skill-building, and critical self-reflection tools, it is ideal for courses in social work supervision, leadership, diversity, and community practice as well as self-reference for practitioners. Structured to be easily referenced and adapted, this work also incorporates skill-building and reflection activities to promote interaction across different learning contexts.
The Indian Ocean has long connected people, objects, and ideas across continents and cultures. This book asks how contemporary writers reimagine the Indian Ocean through literary figurations of the past. In doing so, it offers an oceanic perspective for rethinking the paradigms of postcolonialism by way of rich historical context and intertextual readings of Afro-Asian fiction. Drawing on historiographical research, archival theory, and literary analysis, this book explores how writers including Amitav Ghosh, Abdulrazak Gurnah, Sophia Mustafa, Ananda Devi, Shenaz Patel, and Barlen Pyamootoo imaginatively probe the historical and cultural legacies of transoceanic pasts within the political contradictions and identarian divisions of the postcolonial present. Traveling between South Asia and Eastern Africa and between the past and the present through literary, filmic, theoretical, and archival texts, this book contends that any understanding of South Asian or African present is incomplete without a consideration of their entangled pasts.
Andrew Park tells the story of the rise and fall of the plebiscite, once seen as a promising democratic solution to international conflict which – more than once – became embroiled in controversy and war in the first half of the twentieth century. The book's central figure is the brilliant but largely forgotten American scholar Sarah Wambaugh, the leading expert on the plebiscite technique whose dramatic career took her to many of the world's political hotspots. The norms she developed for the technique continue to shape how self-determination and popular suffrage in international affairs are thought about and conducted today. In a world where borders are again being redrawn by force and democracy everywhere appears under strain, this book is a timely and compelling reminder that such events are not new.
This is the first interdisciplinary work on marriage migration from the former Soviet Union to Reform-era China, almost invariably involving a Slavic bride and a Chinese husband. To understand China better as a destination for marriage migration, Elena Barabantseva delves into the politics and lived experiences of desire, marriage and race, all within China's pursuit of national rejuvenation. She brings together diverse sources, including immigration policies, migration patterns, TV portrayals, life stories, and digital ethnography, to present an embodied analysis of intimate geopolitics. Barabantseva argues that this particularly gendered and racialised model of international marriage is revealing of China's relations within the global world order, in which white femininity embodies the perceived success of Chinese masculinity and nationhood. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Understanding human temporality is a theoretical and experimental challenge, requiring ingenious ways to capture the manner in which time enters and structures human experience. This book bridges music, physics, and experimental psychology to present a unique perspective on the experience of time that is rooted in both physical theory and Gestalt psychology. Featuring a novel framework based on the idea that people sense time indirectly through the visceral feeling that time passage generates, it draws on the authors decades of research in cognitive psychology to present a unique perspective on this topic. It will be of interest to students, researchers, and anyone seeking deeper insight into how the mind and body interact to shape personal experience and the world we inhabit.
To understand why the Chinese Communist Party has sustained its authoritarian political system, it is important to examine China's politics through the eyes of its people. This book presents the first comprehensive study of the political psychology of citizens in rising China, examining their attitudes toward democracy, their government, and their authoritarian political system, alongside their views of China's rise and its relations with foreign nations. It uses data from multiple public opinion surveys to elucidate the evolution of Chinese people's political perceptions and preferences under Xi's leadership. The author develops the theory of political guardianship psychology, a novel framework for understanding the Chinese political mindset. By applying a political-psychological approach, the chapters detail the strengths and vulnerabilities of China's authoritarian system, offering valuable insights into the country's trajectory. As such, the book is an essential resource for scholars in political psychology, political science, Chinese studies, and foreign policy.
Historical Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society in its historical dimension. This is the first textbook to introduce this vibrant field, based on examples and case studies taken from a variety of languages. Chapters begin with clear explanations of core concepts, which are then applied to historical contexts from different languages, such as English, French, Hindi and Mandarin. The volume uses several pedagogical methods, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of the theory and of examples. A list of key terms is provided, covering the main theoretical and methodological issues discussed. The book also includes a range of exercises and short further reading sections for students, and suggested answers to the exercises for instructors. It is ideal for students of sociolinguistics and historical linguistics, as well as providing a basic introduction to historical sociolinguistics for anyone with an interest in linguistics or social history.
In this book, Christoph Graber explains how the fundamental right of freedom of expression is gradually being enriched to cover its technological prerequisites. It challenges the predominant legal view that technology is merely an instrument, arguing that this overlooks the complex interplay between technological materiality and communicative sociality. It builds on a core argument of science and technology studies, that there is interpretative flexibility in both the design and social reception of a technology, which lays the groundwork for a critical stance towards smart technologies and the corporations that control them. This approach can then be transposed into the legal sphere via Luhmann's systems theory. This book shows how normative expectations about digital technologies are formed and develop into legal norms and fundamental rights. It argues that, in order to achieve the implementation of fundamental rights, it is important to recognise their dimension as objective value judgments of a constitution, which the state has a duty to protect.
This volume shows how remote work is regulated by a holistic set of arrangements that govern all forms of employment, weaving together labor institutions in complex ways that the book presents and explains. The scholarship assembled here examines the handling of remote work through institutional analysis cutting across national cases and focusing on both fundamental rights and regulatory challenges. The rights that are examined – by analyzing their nteraction with employer powers – include privacy, equality and non-discrimination as well as collective rights and the distribution of responsibilities in the workplace. The book shows how the location of work interacts with new technologies redefining the universe of labor relations and the institutional system governing employment. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Establishing economic property rights is a ubiquitous human activity that is key to the creation of wealth. Why the Rush? combines economic and historical analysis to argue that the institution of homesteading, as established in the US through the Homestead Act of 1862, was a method to establish meaningful, economic property rights on the American frontier. It explains how homesteading rushed millions of people into specific areas, established a meaningful sovereignty without the use of military force and became the means by which the US Thwarted military and legal challenges. Using fine-grained data, along with a detailed theoretical analysis and exhaustive institutional content, this book makes a serious contribution to the study of economic property rights and institutions providing the definitive analysis of the economics of homesteading and its role in American economic history.
Bringing together an international team of scholars from various linguistic areas, theoretical viewpoints, and educational contexts, this book makes the case for strengthening the role of linguistics in second language (L2) teaching and learning. Seeing first-hand themselves how the strengths and tools of the science of language contribute greatly to pedagogical effectiveness in the L2 classroom, the authors of each chapter lay out the strengths of linguistics for L2 teaching and learning with examples, case studies, research, anecdotal evidence, illustrations, and sample activities for the language classroom. The book argues as well for the place of L2 theory and data in linguistic inquiry and linguistics education. Bringing these disparate disciplines together around the shared reality of language itself has great promise of mutual benefit. Accessibly written with readers from both disciplines in mind, each chapter includes recommended readings and discussion questions intended to spark conversations across the disciplines.
This handbook offers a comprehensive resource for exploring core elements of the psychology of religion. Utilizing a systematic template to describe the state of the field across thirty-two regions of the globe, it charts the subject's historical background and current research trends. The chapters also highlight common pitfalls and suggest collaborative topics for future research. By leveraging the Ingelhart-Welzel Cultural Values Framework, the text introduces key questions emerging from non-Western contexts, challenges culturally laden assumptions and promotes collaborative, international perspectives. Featuring contributions from researchers around the world on the psychology of religion within their respective geographical and cultural contexts, the work brings new voices into the conversation and offers fresh avenues of exploration for scholars and graduate students studying the psychology of religion, social psychology, religion, and theology.
The idea that regional organizations rightly occupy a central place in human rights, global governance, and international intervention has come to be taken-for-granted in international politics. Yet, the idea of regions as authorities is not a natural feature of the international system. Instead, it was strategically constructed by the leaders in the Global South as a way of maintaining their voice in global decision-making and managing (though not preventing) outside interference. Katherine M. Beall explores changes in the norms and practice of international interference in late 1970s and early 1980s, a time when Latin American and African leaders began to empower their regional organizations to enforce human rights. This change represented a form of quiet resistance to the imposition of human rights enforcement and a transformation in the ongoing struggle for self-determination. This book will appeal to scholars of international relations, international history, and human rights.