We report for the first time in India one genus, Bathanthidium Mavromoustakis, and the following four species of the bee tribe Anthidiini (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) based on material deposited at the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata: Anthidium (Anthidium) florentinum (Fabricius), Anthidium (Proanthidium) qingtaoi Niu and Zhu, Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) carinatum (Wu), and Bathanthidium (Manthidium) binghami (Friese). Illustrations of each of these species are provided, together with the information about their distribution, floral association, and diagnostic features.

In 1938 (1) we recorded twenty-eight species of Psyllidae which had been captured in Alberta. Of these, twenty-one were taken, for the first time on record, during the summer of 1937. Although psyllids were far less numerous in 1938 than they had been in 1937, it is now possible to add eleven additional records to the list of species which occur in this province. These include three previously undescribed forms all of which are described by Caldwell in an accompanying article. We are indebted to Mr. Caldwell, also, for the determination of the other species here recorded.

The life history, behaviour, and mortality of the western ash bark beetle, Hylesinus californicus (Swaine), was investigated in green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanicus var. subintergerrima (Vahl) Fern., in Calgary, Alberta. This species is univoltine with an apparent obligate diapause in the adult (overwintering) stage. Adults emerge from overwintering sites in the bases of ash boles from mid-April to mid-May and fly or walk up the bole to the crown where maturation feeding, mating, and reproduction occur. Eggs are present by late April, larvae by early May, pupae by mid-July, and new adults by late July. There are three larval instars. Beetles emerge from larval galleries in August and enter fresh phloem in uninfested parts of branches to feed for up to 6 weeks. Beetles leave feeding galleries from mid-September to early November and migrate by walking, falling, and flying to overwintering sites in the base of ash boles. Total mortality from egg to eclosed brood adult was 80.6%. Disease, parasitoids, and dehydration were the main causes of mortality. Eight hymenopterous parasitoid species were identified; the pteromalid wasp Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker was the most abundant. Tree hazard rating, maintenance of tree health, removal of susceptible and infested host material, and application of pesticides are suggested for management of western ash bark beetle populations.

The first record of Frumenta nundinella (Zeller) in Canada is reported, with notes on development in the only known host, Solanum carolinense L.

Respiration rates and drowning times after complete submergence were observed in diapausing Heliothis zea (Boddie) pupae at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 27°C. Respiration rate in pupae 2.5–12 weeks in diapause increased as an exponential function of temperature. The respiration rate of post-diapause pupae at 27°C increased over 10-fold in an approximately linear fashion during 12 days of pharate adult development. Time to 50% drowning in diapausing pupae decreased with increasing temperature, varying from 22.9 to 4.1 days at 5 and 27°C, respectively. Drowning rates in these pupae increased approximately exponentially with temperature. Diapausing and post-diapause pupae at 27°C had similar times to 50% drowning. An empirical model of drowning fitted the results well at all five temperatures, but a mechanistic model based on respiration predicted drowning considerably before it was observed. When the latter model was modified to allow withdrawal of dissolved oxygen from the water, it predicted longer survival periods, as observed. Our evidence suggests that respiration and drowning rates are closely correlated. Given the long survival times under complete submergence at 5–20°C, we speculate that pupae overwintering in the field in deep diapause are relatively resistant to drowning, whereas pre- and post-diapause pupae, with higher respiration rates, are at much greater risk.

Results of a field experiment indicate that adults of the pine weevil Hylobius pales (Herbst) respond to pheromones of bark beetles. Each sex of H. pales was more attracted to traps baited with the combination of a pine bolt infested with male Ips calligraphus Germar plus the synthetic Dendroctonus Erichson pheromones frontalin and exo-brevicomin, than to traps baited with pine bolts alone. The combined numbers of male and female H. pales caught in traps baited only with Ips calligraphus-infested bolts were significantly greater than numbers caught in traps baited with uninfested control bolts. The attraction of H. pales to bark beetle pheromones may represent a kairomonal response in which weevils exploit semiochemicals from other species that signify a suitable host resource.

Incidence of damage to needles of Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, by larvae of gall midges has been noted in British Columbia since 1935. In 1953 severe midge damage to Douglas fir occurred in sections of British Columbia, Washington, Idaho and Montana. Outside of brief and general reference to these gall midges in literature and in unpublished notes, almost nothing was known of their biology, and the species remained undescribed. Relatively little interest has been shown these insects until recent years, when severe infestations in southeastern British Columbia affected the sale of Douglas fir for use as Christmas trees.

Psallus salicicola sp.nov. is described from northern Canada. Dorsal habitus and male genitalia illustrations are included. Psallus aethiops Zetterstedt is considered to be the senior synonym of P. drakei Knight. Additional distributional records are given for P. aethiops and P. betuleti (Fallén) from Alaska and northern and maritime Canada, which indicate that these two species are genuinely Holarctic taxa.

Rangeland grasshoppers commonly are reared through a single generation in the laboratory from eggs collected in the field or produced by field-collected adults. These grasshoppers usually undergo an obligate egg diapause. The only exceptions are nondiapause strains of an economically important grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) (Pickford and Randell 1969; Henry 1985).

The types of the species of North American Scolytidae (Coleoptera) described by J. M. Swaine are catalogued. Holotypes of 62 species are listed and 48 lectotypes are selected. All types, with a few noted exceptions, are in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.

The two primary functional response models extant in recent entomological literature were compared using a common set of data. Use of an iterative least squares parameter estimation routine was shown to be essential to a comparison of these two models. With parameters properly determined, the Watt model fit data on one out of five experiment days best, the Holling model fit data best on four out of five experiment days. The "handling time" submodel was shown to require iterative least squares parameter estimation rather than the usual log transformation and subsequent fitting of this logistic function by standard linear regression techniques. The conclusion was reached that if accuracy in prediction by nonlinear functional response models is desired, proper methods of determining parameter values are of critical importance.

In a test at St. John's from 20 August to 9 September 1964, grooved-board traps captured more specimens of the Eluropean earwig, Forficula auricularia L., than pitfall traps containing attractants. On 19 August two replicates of one grooved-board and eight Legner traps (Fig. 1) containing bran flakes plus an attractant were set up on a city lot. The Legner traps were set in the soil so that their tops were level with the surface. They were protected from rain by a 12 in. × 12 in. board held in position over the opening by short legs at the four corners. The attractants used were: peanut butter, cod oil, sugar, molasses, honey and macerated earwigs. The traps were attended from 21 August to 9 September and all earwigs removed daily and counted in the laboratory.

Antepenultimate Instar: Width of head 1.4 to 1.5 mm. Body 10 to 11 mm. in length and 1.5 to 1.9 mm. in width. Epicranial index 1.2 to 1.3. Ocelli 1 and 2 often contiguous but occasionally slightly separated. Crochets on ventral proleg number about 40.

Penultimate Instar: Width of head 1.9 mm. Body 12 mm. in length and 1.5 mm. in width. Epicranial index 0.8. Ocelli 1 and 2 contiguous. Crochets on the ventral proleg number 35.

Oak twig pruner (Anelaphus parallelus (Newman); Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae develop inside twigs pruned from host plants. Reasons for this behaviour are unknown and differential emergence due to twig diameter has not been explored. Twigs pruned from walnuts (Juglans nigra Linnaeus; Juglandaceae) (n=179) and oaks (Quercus Linnaeus; Fagaceae) (n=84) were collected in Pennsylvania, United States of America in 2010; 118 pruned oak twigs were collected in New York State, United States of America in 2012. Twigs from 2012 were dissected to determine rates of emergence and larval mortality; both samples were examined for parasitoids. As the diameter of oak twigs (range of 3–16 mm) increased, larval mortality increased and adult emergence decreased. Date of collection did not influence twig diameter nor emergence rates. Three new parasitoids were associated with the oak twig pruner: Atanycolus Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Eubazus denticulatus (Martin) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and a potentially new genus of wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Hormiinae near Pambolus Haliday). Parasitism rates were an order of magnitude greater among twigs that contained more than one larva or pupa (23.1%; n=26) compared to those that contained only one (2.3%; n=341).

Species of the Aleiodes compressor (Herrich-Schaeffer) species group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) from the New World are revised. Two new species are described (Aleiodes mantiqueirensisnew species and Aleiodes marinoniinew species) and geographical range of the species group is extended into the Neotropical Region. Both new species are known only from the type locality in Brazil. Including the current descriptions, there are six species within the Aleiodes compressor species group, four of them from the New World. Some new diagnostic characters for the group are proposed such as the relative length of antenna and the shape of ovipositor sheaths. The males of this group are difficult to distinguish from males of the Aleiodes gastritor-circumscriptus species group because most diagnostic features are found only in females.

On August 22, 1933, while the members of the Montreal staff were inspecting a nursery in Montreal, P. Q., a small number of sawfly larvae was observed feeding on the mugho pine trees. These were submitted to Ottawa and were identified as the larvae of Diprion simile Htg. This was the second record of the appearance of this species in Canada; the first being a record from Oakville, Ont., in 1931. This insect had previously been studied in the Northeastern United States by Britton and Zappe (1917) and Middleton (1923).