During the winter of 1957-58 larvae of the tent caterpilIars Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar) and M. americanum (F;.) were reared to provide material for tests on the spore-forming bacterium reported by Bucher (1957). AS there is little published information on winter rearing of sent caterpillars, except that of Sippell (1952) on M. disstria Hbn., the technique is given below.

Several insect growth regulators (IGRs) were tested against citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton), in Munger cells. In all larval tests, the IGRs worked by preventing the thrips from developing to the pupal or adult stages. After exposing adult females to IGR residues, numbers of emerging progeny were reduced, although these results did not always rank the IGRs in the same order as the larval tests. The most effective IGR tested was UC84572, followed by cyromazine. Avermectin B1, a streptomycete-derived lactone, did not show IGR activity but acted as an insecticide and controlled the thrips at a much lower percentage active ingredient.

This paper treats taxonomically 10 North American species of the genus Pardosa. The coloradensis group contains only the three species Pardosa metlakatla Emerton, 1917, Pardosa coloradensis Banks, 1894, and Pardosa ontariensis Gertsch, 1933 (= Pardosa pristina Fox, 1937, new synonym). The xerampelina group contains three Nearctic species, namely, Pardosa diuturna Fox, 1937, Pardosa xerampelina (Keyserling, 1877) (= Pardosops impavidula Roewer, 1954, new synonym), and Pardosa nordicolens Chamberlin and Ivie, 1947. The lapponica group comprises the Holarctic species Pardosa lapponica (Thorell, 1872) (= Pardosa harperi Bishop, 1949, new synonym) and the Nearctic Pardosa concinna (Thorell, 1877). The tesquorum group is composed of the Holarctic species Pardosa tesquorum (Odenwall, 1901) and the Nearctic Pardosa mulaiki Gertsch, 1934.

The Ambrosia beetles of the Scolytid genus Xyleborus present many features of interest to the student of systematic and economic entomology, and in Xyleborus xylographus we find a cosmopolitan species of unusual interest.

The overwintering mature larva of the parasite Anastatus disparis Ruschka within the intact gypsy moth, Lymantria (= Porthetria) dispar L., egg chorion is susceptible to freezing and has a mean supercooling point of −28.8±0.14°C. This level of cold hardiness is not increased by exposure to sublethal low temperatures. Over 85% of larvae survived 10 months at 0°C and 4 days at −12° or −18°C, both followed by an additional 2–3 months at 0°C, but over half of the survivors went into prolonged diapause which was not fulfilled by subsequent rearing at room temperature. The parasite is apparently capable of surviving winter conditions over the same geographic area in Canada as the gypsy moth, and the introduction of A. disparts into locations in Canada where gypsy moth is now present is recommended.

Eight species of Strepsiptera have been reported so far from Florida, but none from the Bahamas. This study reports five species from southern subtropical Florida, and one species from Andros Island, the Bahamas. Of these, Floridoxenos monroensis gen.nov., sp.nov. Kathirithamby and Peck (Corioxenidae: Corioxeninae) is described and added to the subfamily Corioxeninae based on the 4-segmented tarsi without claws; Strichotrema beckeri (Oliveira and Kogan) (Myrmecolacidae) of Brazil is reported from the United States for the first time; a second record for Elenchus koebelei Pierce (Elenchidae) from Florida is reported; and Caenocholax fenyesi Pierce (Myrmecolacidae) is a new record for Bahamas. This latter species is generally a widespread parasite of fire ants in the southern parts of North America, in the West Indies, and in the northern Neotropics.

Comparisons of three isomers of the San Jose scale [Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)] pheromone showed that SJS3 was slightly more attractive than SJS1 or SJS2. Pheromone-baited traps were compared with sticky barrier traps for the detection and monitoring of male emergence activity and each trap type produced a different activity pattern relative to both calendar days and accumulated degree-days (DD). San Jose scale phenology varied between geographic areas of the Okanagan Valley when compared by using DD accumulations above either 7.2 or 10.5°C and suggests a trend towards decreasing DD requirements as the insect’s distribution moves north.

An insecticide, diflubenzuron, suppressed 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), with reduced effect on the tachinid parasite, Doryphorophaga doryphorae (Riley), developing within the larvae. Concentrations applied to potato foliage were 50, 100, 300, and 500 mg/L. In laboratory and greenhouse tests, parasite survival was not adversely affected when the 3rd instars were treated with 50 mg/L diflubenzuron but survival decreased to 0 and 4% at 300 and 500 mg/L. Survival and emergence of the parasite from treated 4th instars were not adversely affected at any concentration tested. Fourth-instar beetle larvae were much more tolerant of diflubenzuron than were the 3rd instars. Neither fertility nor the ability to parasitize beetle larvae was adversely affected in adult parasites emerging from treated 3rd or 4th instars. Adult beetles developing from treated larvae mated normally and laid fertile eggs. Foliage consumption by the beetle larvae decreased progressively as dosage of diflubenzuron increased but only slowly once the dosage increased beyond 100 mg/L.

The North American species of Momonia Halbert, 1906, are revised. Larvae, deutonymphs, and adults of Momonia campylotibia sp.nov. are described, adults of Momonia marciae Habeeb and Momonia projecta Cook are redescribed, and deutonymphs of M. projecta are described for the first time. New morphological, life history, and distributional data are presented for all species. A new diagnosis of Momonia is proposed, and a key to adults of all known species of the genus is included.

Water deposited on peach leaves as a constantly replenished film for 48 hr killed few European red mites, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), by drowning. Considerably more, especially of larvae, were lost by their coming loose from the water-covered leaf surface and floating off; the proportion thus lost did not differ greatly between 6- and 48-hr treatments. Relative humidity of 100% and to a lesser degree, 96–99%, inhibited activity and development.

The following is chiefly a description of taxonomically important features of all stages of Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch). Heretofore the most detailed description of the stages of an incurvariid appeared in Jensen's (1932) paper on Incurvaria koerneriella Zell.

Classification and Synonomy

The maple leaf cutter, Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch), belongs to the Incurvariidae, one of the most primitive families in the suborder Frenatae (suborder Monotrysia of Börner, 1939). Asa Fitch (1856) described this species and placed it in the genus Ornix in the family Tineidae. Clemens (1860) referred it to the genus Incurvaria with the remarks that “The wing structure departs from that of the genus [Incurvaria]….”

The scolytids, M. mali, M. fasciatum, X. saxeseni, X. ferrugineus, and X. xylographus, were attracted consistently to black oak trees killed each month from March to August, 1974. More beetles were attracted to larger diameter trees and most were trapped on the north aspect. The beetles showed no trends for attraction for trees killed in different months.

The “spinach leaf miner” – referred to in North American literature consistently as Pegomyia hyoscymi (Panzer) or, in early years, as P. vicina Lintner and in European literature under a variety of names (hyoscyami, atriplicis Goureau, chenopodii Rondani, betae Curtis, spinaciae Holmgren, etc.) – is known to represent a complex in Europe of at least two species, with different morphology and host preferences. The present paper records the presence of these two species in North America. points out the recognition characters of the Nearctic forms, and summarizes the known ecological and outbreak data for the species in Canada

In northern California Parargyractis confusalis has two to three generations per year, depending on climatic conditions. Adults lead a terrestrial life, though the female re-enters the water to oviposit. The eggs, larvae, and pupae exist underwater and have been collected to a depth of 4.3 m. Larvae occur in lakes and streams and are most abundant in areas where the water velocity is between 0.4 and 1.4 m/sec. Factors influencing the distribution and density of this species include water temperature, concentration of dissolved oxygen, substrate texture, and algal growth.

In the preparation of the following notes, I have become indebted to Professor E. H. Strickland and Mr. C. A. Frost for the loan of specimens and to Mr. P. J. Darlington Jr., and the Museum of Comparative Zoology for the loan of much material and for permission to study the aedeagus of the type specimen of carbo Lec. Mr. K. G. Blair, by comparisons with types, has nlade it possible for me to identify semimetallicus Walk. and aeripennis Kby.

The number of Medetera aldrichii Wheeler adults emerging daily in 1966 and 1967 was low and irregular. Peak numbers apparently emerged 20–30 days prior to mass emergence of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins although the numbers fluctuated through the mass emergence period of the beetle. Densities of emerging adults averaged less than 1 per square foot of bark and never exceeded 6.0 per square foot. Densities of the emerging flies and beetles did not appear related.Adults mated on the bark surface of trees infested with D. ponderosae; mating habits are described.Females oviposited in degenerate resin ducts in the bark surface. Two eggs per duct were the modal number. Seven or more per duct were found in less than 5% of the ducts examined.

Lathrolestes nigricollis (Thompson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was released in New England against Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) in 1979–1980 and again in 1989–1990. By 1991, the parasitoid was widely established in southern New England. From 1979 to 1990 the commonness of leafminers at the original release site in the first generation declined from 50–54% of leaves mined to under 3%. Over 4 years at five sites, parasitism of larval birch leafminers increased between leafminer generations from 10.3% (G1) to 27.6% (G2) to 39.2% (G3). In Massachusetts, parasitism decreased (from 28 to 14%) with increasing distance from the original release site, while corresponding damage increased (from 6% of leaves mined to 33%). In areas local to the original release site (<4 km) parasitism has reduced damage from birch leafminer to inconsequential levels. Some sites in other parts of southern New England, particularly roadside sites, still have high levels of mined leaves in spite of the parasitoid’s presence in the general area.

Adult black flies were trapped at the townsite of Deep River from the early emergence of Prosimulium spp. (approx. 21 May) through to the late summer decline of Simulium spp. (in August). "Sticky" traps employing CO2 as an attractant were located at five sites throughout the town; in addition a trap was positioned at a "control" site outside the town limits near a heavily forested area. The overall numbers increased rapidly in early June, remaining at high levels until the first week in July, by which time over 110,000 flies had been captured. The numbers of flies recovered both within and outside the town fluctuated widely with weather conditions, seemingly influenced by precipitation. In the town, three centrally located traps captured only half as many adults as two traps near the southerly limits, where a small stream flowed through light forest. The control trap showed that black flies were at least 10 times more plentiful outside Deep River. Three insecticide applications did not have any measurable effect on fly numbers. The predominant local species is Simulium venustum Say.

(E)-9-Dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:OAc) and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:OAc) are major components of the sex pheromone of the cherry bark tortrix (CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli), in British Columbia. The compounds were identified in extracts of female pheromone glands by coupled gas chromatographic – electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) and coupled GC – mass spectrometry. In field experiments, traps baited with E9-12:OAc or Z9-12:OAc singly were unattractive to male CBT, but in combination at ratios of 50:50 or 40:60 captured numerous males. Increasing quantities of this two-component pheromone blend resulted in increasing captures of male CBT. This binary blend at a 10-mg dose caught more CBT males that did caged virgin CBT females. Eight other EAD-active acetates identified in extracts of pheromone glands failed to enhance attractiveness of the pheromone blend. These compounds may serve to reduce cross-attraction of heterospecific male moths or may play a role in courtship behaviour. Formulations of synthetic pheromone are being evaluated for management of the CBT using mass trapping or disorientation of male CBT moths.