In southern Louisiana, Corticeus glaber (LeConte) outnumbered Corticeus parallelus (Melsheimer) 3.7:1 during 15-month study from October 1976 to December 1977. Corticeus spp. varied significantly (P < 0.01) among the 52 sample dates and three sample heights on infested tree boles. Corticeus spp. were significantly correlated with numbers of southern pine beetle eggs, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, in the bottom and middle samples but not in the top sample. Corticeus glaber peak arrival occurred from 14 days prior to 14 days following pine beetle mass attack, while C. parallelus peak arrival occurred from 7 days prior to 10 days following pine beetle mass attack.

Synthetic sex attractants were used to trap Rhyacionia pine tip moths throughout the western United States in spring and early summer 1977 and 1978. Some species were shown to have much wider distributions than previously known. Among species responding to (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate, R. zozana was collected over most of the area, with new records for Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota; R. neomexicana was found for the first time in Utah, as was R. salmonicolor in New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah; R. monophylliana in Nevada and Utah; R. jenningsi in New Mexico; and R. multilineata in Arizona and Oregon. Among species caught in traps baited with (E,E)-8,10 dodecadienyl acetate, R. busckana was found widely through the Northwest, for the first time in Montana and Wyoming, and R. fumosana was captured throughout the Rocky Mountain states, with new records for Montana, Utah, and Nevada. Sets of two previously unknown zozana -like moths were collected. One is closely associated with the typical form in Oregon and California; the other is a pinyon associate in Colorado and New Mexico.

The lateralis medius, an indirect flight muscle of Black Hills beetles, degenerated abruptly in females within 3 days after attack. Egg laying began at the end of the 3 days. Thickness of the muscle changed much more than width. Regeneration began in most ovipositing females about 10 days after attack. Steady development of the muscle to its maximum size, reached prior to beetle emergence, offers a method of forecasting emergence.

While there is much evidence for interrelationships between the organic components of insect diets as they relate to growth, there is very little information available on inorganic or organic-inorganic relationships. An example of inorganic interactions is found with Cu and Zn in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.) (McFarlane 1976a).Organic-inorganic interactions have been shown by Fraenkel (1958), who demonstrated effects of Zn and potassium on the expression of a carnitine deficiency in Tenebrio molitor, and by McFarlane (1974), who showed an interaction between Cu and vitamin E in the house cricket.

Mass trapping for control of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), was evaluated during 1986 in one experimental orchard near Jordan Station, Ont., and in three commercial orchards in Norfolk County, Ont. Multi-Pher II® traps were used to trap adult males, and Vineland traps were used to monitor adult activity and to obtain a measure of the effect of mass trapping on adult male abundance. In the experimental orchard, Vineland trap catches were similar in the trapped and control plots. In two of the three commercial orchards Vineland trap catches were significantly smaller in the trapped plots during one of the three yearly activity periods. Pre-adult leafminer density was significantly lower in the trapped than in the control plots on three of the seven sample dates in the experimental orchard whereas in the commerical orchards, where up to 91 times as many adult males were trapped per plot per activity period, pre-adult density was significantly lower in the trapped plots only in one orchard on one sample date.

Experiments conducted in the greenhouse and in the field by Perron et al. (1958) on 44 varieties of Allium revealed that the varieties Nebuka and Hishiko of A. fistulosum (L.) were significantly more resistant to attacks by the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.), than varieties of A. cepa (L.). This is a report of experiments conducted in 1957 and 1958 in the greenhouse and in the field on the attractiveness of seven of these varieties to oviposition by H. antiqua.

It is unfortunate that Frick (1952), in preparing his generic revision of the Agromyzidae, was unable to examine the types of many species described by Loew, Malloch, Frost, and others. In such circumstances, a few mistakes were bound to be made, and the fact that these are not more plentiful is a tribute both to the quality of the descriptions of the authors concerned, especially Malloch, and to the care with which these descriptions have been analysed. In 1949, being interested in the possibility of using Hendel's (1931) European classification for the North American fauna, I examined 71 of the types in question, and was able without difficulty to reconcile most of them wiih Hendel's generic and subgeneric concepts. Of these types, only 13 are now found to conflict with the assignment proposed for the species by Frick.

This is the species referred to in the first Faper on the parasites of Archips cerasivorana (Can. Ent., Vol. LXXXV, No. 1, pp. 19-30) under the name Zenillia blanda. The genus Eusisyropa was created by Townsend (Smiths. Misc. Colls., Vol. 51, p. 97, 1908) with blanda O.S. as type. In it he also included boamiae Coq.. Aldrich and Webber (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 63, Art. 7, 1924) placed these in Zenillia R.-D. but most workers agree that they collected a very heterogeneous assemblage of species under this name. As will be explained later, the efforts to subdivide the group on adult characters have not been entirely satisfactory. It seems best to use the restricted genera available until the matter has been studied in detail.

Observations were made on the flight patterns, sex ratios, and ovipositional activity of Pissodes strobi in Sitka spruce. There is an aggregation of adults on spruce leaders early in the flight season during which sexual maturation and mating take place. Males are more active early in the flight season, while females are more numerous during the latter half of the flight season.

The larvae, pupae, and adult males and females of Micropsectra dives (Johannsen), Micropsectra nigripila (Johannsen), Micropsectra polita (Malloch), and a new species Micropsectra geminata are described.

The beetles enumerated below were taken in 1897, some of them while the writer visited that city on the occasion of the annual meeting of The Royal Society of Canada, in June. Unfortunately, the weather was most unpropitious for insect hunting until the last day, when quite a number were taken, and later on in the season the list was increased by captures made by a brother, resident of the city.

While some of the species were well represented, very many were by only one or two specimens, and in a few cases by three or four. I feel very gratful to Prof. H. F. Wickham for kindly determining many of the species.

The pales weevil, Hylobius pales, was described in 1797 by Herbst (9), but it was not until 1916 that its importance in limiting the regeneration of white pine, Pinus strobus L., in cut-over areas was established by Carter (4). H e reported that up to 70 per cent of young reproduction trees might be killed by adults feeding on thc bark of young seedlings during the first two years following clear cutting of white pine. He concluded that it was unwise to plant white pine during the two seasons follouring cutting because seedlings in the vicinity of the stumps, in which the Weevil breeds. would be subjected to heavy feeding, and the resulting loss of trees would produce open areas in the planting. In 1921, Peirson (10) recorded in broad terms the seasonal history, distribution, host plants, habits,and control of the weevil, based primarily on a study of the insect in Massachusetts. More recently, Beal and McClintick (1), Bess (2), Savely (11), Sentell (12), and Wells (16) have emphasized the continued importance of the weevil as a forest pest and have recorded its presence in most of the United States east of the Mississippi and north of Florida, and in Canada from Nova Scotia to Manitoba. Friend and Chamberlin (8) and Ebel and Speers (5) have discussed population levels of the weevil in relation to cutting practices, and Speers (13, 14, 15) has discussed its control through the use of sprays and dips.

Only recently has serious taxonomic study of the genitalia of Membracidae been undertaken. Authors such as Fowler (1894-97), Van Duzee (1908), Funkhouser (1917) and Lawson (1922) made only cursory studies or objected to the dissection and treatment necessary for such a study. Caldwell's (1949) revision of the Ceresini based on male genitalia is the first paper of its kind for the Membracidae.

Last year a short note (Musgrave, 1949) described the possibilities of fluorescein for marking insects. The method has since been adopted and much elaborated by the Apiculture Department here (Townsend, 1950).

But another and very interesting question remained insufficiently answered: was it possible to dust a growing crop with fluorescein (and presumably, certain other solids) in such a way that visiting bees alighting on the crop would pick up the dust and carry it back to the hive an their bodies in detectable quantities? If it were then a very useful tool in field research in Entomology generally might well be available. During the summer of 1950 an experiment was devised to answer this question.

Carabid beetles can escape from pitfall traps. To determine whether or not a female-biased sex ratio for catches of Carabus lewisianus Breuning from pitfall traps could be explained by sexual differences in the rates of capture by and escape from traps, we performed two laboratory experiments to estimate these rates using mathematical models. The results indicated that the two sexes dropped into the pitfall traps at almost equal rates (0.0456/min for females and 0.0366/min for males) and that males escaped from the traps at rates of 0.0591 and 0.0889/min, but no females managed to escape. The bias of escape rates in the field is shown by the higher captures of female C. lewisianus by pitfall traps. Calibration of capture and escape rates suggested similar activity densities of the two sexes in the field. Development of more accurate measures of the number of the relevant sex on the soil surface, and of the methodology for estimating the values of parameters in the field is discussed.

Many pest and beneficial insects overwinter as larvae in a state of diapause, with development resuming in the spring. In these cases, rates of post-diapause development of parasitoids must be synchronised with the vulnerable life stages of their hosts. Phenological asynchrony between introduced parasitoids and their targeted hosts has limited the success of some biological control efforts. Here, we assess the potential synchrony between Collyria catoptron Wahl (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of the Chinese wheat stem sawfly, Cephus fumipennis Eversmann (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), which is being considered as a biological control against a novel host species, Cephus cinctus Norton, in North America. We compared development timing and emergence patterns of both native and exotic species of sawflies with that of the parasitoid. We found that the mean number of days between termination of larval diapause and adult eclosion varied by less than one day across species, and patterns of emergence were also similar. The rate of development of this egg-larval parasitoid was within the range necessary to attack C. cinctus eggs. Furthermore, the development of C. cinctus from western Montana, United States of America most closely matched that of the parasitoid, suggesting western Montana as a possible release area.

The maxillae and prementa of Trissocladius grandis (Kieff.), Chironomus anthracinus Zett. and a tanytarsine species near Lauterbornia are figured and the fine details of their external morphology are discussed. The results of a review of larvae in other genera in the Chironominae and Orthocladiinae are briefly stated to illustrate the value of these morphological characters in comparisons among higher taxa within the Chironomidae.

The development of adult and nymphal populations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), L. elisus Van Duzee, and L. borealis (Kelton) was studied in relation to seeding date and stage of plant development in four seedings of canola (cv. Westar) in field plots at Glenlea, Manitoba, in 1988 and 1989. Lygus lineolaris was the dominant species in all seedings and in both years. Colonizing adults (first-generation adults) of the three Lygus spp. first invaded the plots at about the same time from the late rosette to the early flowering stages of plant development, and Lygus adult numbers reached maxima during flowering in all seedings. The stage of plant development, and not seeding date, was important in attracting colonizing adults of Lygus to canola. Second-generation nymphs first appeared at the flowering stage of canola. All nymphal instars reached maxima and median abundances during the late flowering and pod development stages in all seedings. Second-generation adults were present from early to late pod development stages. Median abundances of second-generation adults of L. lineolaris, L. elisus, and L. borealis usually were reached at the same plant growth stage in each seeding.