Corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious pest insect of corn production. It is estimated that farmers in the United States have losses of over $1 billion each year as a result of crop damage and treatment costs for this pest (Metcalf 1986). Chemical control is the main method of suppressing corn rootworm populations and the amount of insecticide used against Diabrotica spp. is greater than for any other pests of corn in the United States (Suguiyama and Carlson 1985). The development of nontoxic and biodegradable alternatives to chemical insecticides is highly desirable.

The brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. and A., is a widely distributed phytophagous pest of apple trees in Nova Scotia. Many predators have been observed feeding on this pest, particularly the predacious mites of the sub-family Phytoseiinae. It is difficult to assess the influence of these predators on brown mite in the field because fungicides, which are necessary in the commercial production of apples in Nova Scotia, often disrupt the relationships. Furthermore, other species of predators and prey usually found in apple orchards obscure the influence of phytoseiids on brown mite.

Galls of Diplolepis variabilis (Bassett) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on their host plant Rosa woodsii Lindley (Rosaceae) support a diverse community of parasitoid and inquiline wasps that exploit the gall inducer and the gall itself. Here, we studied quantitative variation in local structure of the gall community in the Okanagan Valley of southern British Columbia, Canada, from the United States border north, to test the hypothesis that dispersal limitation would generate a distance decay in gall community similarity. We also explored gall community richness in relation to latitude, as the northern range limit of the gall inducer occurs within our study area. We found that gall communities exhibited strikingly similar composition across the study region, with most of the major inquilines and parasitoids present across the gall's range. However, the increased richness of rare parasitoid taxa near the northern range limits of D. variabilis generated a marginally significant positive relationship between gall community richness and latitude. Overall, our study suggests that dispersal constraints do not influence the composition of the Diplolepis Geoffroy gall community at regional scales, and that gall communities offer useful models for studying the association between community structure and range limits.

Morphometric analysis was studied on the measurements of the forewings, ovipositor, hind tibia, and antenna of female Anagrus giraulti Crawford reared from the following hosts: Circulifer tenellus Baker, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and Scaphytopius nitridus (DeLong). Results showed that A. giraulti emerging from E. fabae had significantly shorter antennal segments, ovipositor, and tibia III than those reared from the other two host species. Host eggs of C. tenellus produced female A. giraulti with significantly longer wing lengths than did the other two species and wider wing widths than did E. fabae.

The woolly pine needle aphid, Schizolachnus pini-radiatae, was described in 1909 by Davidson as Lachnus pini-radiatae from specimens collected near Stanford University, California. In revising the subtribe Cinarina, Gillette and Palmer (1931) placed this species in the genus Schizolachnus. Detailed descriptions of the species were given by Davidson (1909), Gillette and Palmer (1931), and Palmer (1952), but none of the earlier workers studied the life history of this aphid. The present study was carried out during 1960 in a seven-year-oId red pine stand in kirkwood Township, about 50 miles east of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.

Use of gerrids (Hemiptera: Gerridae) as primary hosts by the solitary egg parasitoid Lathromeroidea sp.nov. is established and parasitoid reproductive behaviour is described. Four species of Limnoporus (L. dissortis Drake and Harris, L. notabilis Drake and Hottes, L. rufoscutellatus Latreille, and L. esakii Miyamoto) and two of Gerris (G. buenoi Kirkaldy and G. pingreensis Drake and Hottes) were successfully parasitized in the laboratory. A greater proportion of wasps eclosed successfully from eggs of Gerris than from Limnoporus. Host size was directly proportional to both weight and body length of adult parasitoids. Sex ratios were female-biased, with males emerging before females.

Recent conflicting theories regarding host finding by blood-sucking flies and the mode of action of repellents are examined and discussed. The claim that repellents owe their activity to infra-red absorption in a narrow waveband (449–467 cm.−1) was examined by measurement of published curves for infra-red absorption by repellent, non-repellent, and doubtful chemicals. Peaks of absorption at this waveband in comparison with adjacent Wave numbers are three times as common in repellent as in non-repellent materials, but in comparison with absorption over the entire spectrum studied all groups of materials show a trough of absorption at this narrow waveband. No supporting evidence could be found for the claim that mosquito repellents masquerade as water vapour by virtue of their infra-red absorption spectra, nor for the suggestion arising out of this, that such repellents should be attractive at low humidities. Repellency of indalone was found to increase as humidity decreased.

Regardless of the role molecular vibration may play in olfactory perception, the usefulness of infra-red radiation to blood-sucking flies seeking their hosts and to man seeking repellents for the flies remains to be demonstrated.

We record 392 species or morphospecies of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Manitoba, Canada, which is 154 more species than reported in 2015 and includes five new generic records since 2015 (Ashmeadiella, Brachymelecta, Eucera, Neolarra, and Triepeolus). Thirteen new records reported here are new for Canada: Calliopsis (Nomadopsis) australior Cockerell, Perdita (Perdita) tridentata Stevens, Brachymelecta interrupta (Cresson), Diadasia (Dasiapis) ochracea (Cockerell), Melissodes bidentis Cockerell, Nomada crawfordi crawfordi Cockerell, Nomada fuscicincta Swenk, Nomada sphaerogaster Cockerell, Nomada xantholepis Cockerell, Triepeolus cf. grindeliae Cockerell, Dianthidium (Dianthidium) parvum (Cresson), Coelioxys (Xerocoelioxys) nodis Baker, and Megachile (Megachiloides) dakotensis Mitchell. We remove the following species from the list of Manitoba bees based on re-examination of voucher material: Andrena (Ptilandrena) geranii Robertson, Andrena (Rhacandrena) robertsonii Dalla Torre, Andrena (Simandrena) nasonii Robertson, Andrena (Trachandrena) ceanothi Viereck, Andrena (Trachandrena) quintilis Robertson, Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) pectoraloides (Cockerell), Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) forbesii (Robertson), and Dianthidium (Dianthidium) concinnum (Cresson). We propose that Nomada alpha paralpha Cockerell, 1921 and N. alpha dialpha Cockerell, 1921 are junior synonyms of N. alpha Cockerell, 1905. Nomada arenicola Swenk, 1912 is considered a junior synonym of N. fervida Smith, 1854. Protandrena albertensis (Cockerell) and Neolarra mallochi Michener are recognised as valid species. We provide additional notes on taxonomy, nomenclature, and behaviour for select species in the list.

From the early descriptive work, focussed on documenting the forest insect faunaand the impacts of destructive species, Canadian forest entomology has passedthrough several distinct phases, each triggered by new societal demands offorests and of forest entomologists. We review the various stages that Canadianforest entomology gone through in the last 100 years. Following the initialdescriptive and cataloguing phase, forest entomology entered a pest control orforest protection phase, which eventually evolved into the integrated pestmanagement (IPM) era. Although IPM dominated the forest entomology discourse forat least two decades, this approach is now considered to be narrow andpest-centric and is being superseded by a more holistic approach where theemphasis is on ensuring the health and sustainability of forests at landscapelevels. The new trends point away from the “command and control”approach of attempting to eradicate pests or reducing pest damage, and towardsworking with natural processes in the context of ecosystem management. Weindicate several areas where 21st century forest entomology could make acontribution towards the sustainable management of Canadian forests.

The black army cutwarm, Actebia fennica (Tausch.), is the most important pest of foliage of the low-bush blueberry in New Brunswick. Although usually of minor importance, it periodically appears in outbreak proportions and destroys the entire crop in heavily infested helds. Such an outbreak occurred in Charlotte County in 1944 and 1945, when the present study was initiated.

The data presented in this paper are based on insectary-reared material, supplemented where possible by field observations. Larvae were reared individually in jelly jars or waxed cardboard cups and fed daily on fresh blueberry foliage. Observations on oviposition were made possible by mating reared moths.

The eggs of the pale western cutworm. Agrotis orthogonia Morr., are laid in the soil between about August 15 and September 15, the peak of oviposition usually occurring hetween August 25 and September 5. The eggs commence development as soon as they are laid and in most years the embryos are fully developed by winter (Jacobson and Blakeley, 1958). Hatching occurs in the spring, usually soon after all snow has melted and the soil has thawed.

The cave-living and monobasic fungus gnat genus Speolepta Edwards is reviewed with a description of the first Nearctic species, Speolepta vockerothisp. nov., from Canada (caves in Ontario and British Columbia) and the United States (Alaska). Its morphology, life history, and biology are documented and compared with the single European species Speolepta leptogaster (Winnertz). A further new species, Speolepta orientalissp.nov., is described based on a single male from northern Vietnam, representing the first record of this genus from the Oriental Region.

Adults of Bandakia hoffmannae sp.nov., Bandakia mexicana sp.nov., Chappuisides notialis sp.nov., and Neoacarus adocetus sp.nov., all collected in the mountains west of Mexico City, are described. These are the first reports of species of these three essentially holarctic genera from south of the United States border in North America. These discoveries provide new insight concerning the extent of refugial areas for freshwater arthropods in southern North America during the Pleistocene.

The pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae), is an introduced sawfly that is becoming increasingly important as a pest of pine plantations in Ontario. Laboratory bioassays of 10 insecticides, applied to excised pine branches containing eggs immediately prior to hatching, indicated that carbaryl and permethrin at low dosages were efficacious in controlling larvae. Neither carbaryl nor permethrin affected egg hatch, and field trials at various dosages indicated that 500 g AI per ha of carbaryl significantly reduced larval numbers and mitigated defoliation of 1-year-old and current-year foliage. Comparisons of single early (during egg hatch), single late (mean instar about 3.8), and combinations of early and late applications of lower concentrations of both chemicals suggested that the late application better reduced webworm populations. All tested application rates of permethrin and carbaryl provided significant foliar protection, particularly to current-year foliage. Dosages as low as 35 g AI per ha of permethrin and 125 g AI per ha of carbaryl in mistblower applications of third- and fourth-instar larvae may provide suitable protection, depending on management objectives. Ground applications using a mistblower resulted in no differences in efficacy on branches from different vertical strata, but reduced efficacy was observed on branches on the sides of the trees opposite where sprays were applied. Spray drift tests with carbaryl at 500 g AI per ha indicated that some population reduction occurred in trees up to two 2.1-m-spaced rows downwind from treated trees. Thus, each row would not need to be sprayed in operational programs.

A test for the occurrence of either hybrid inviability or hybrid sterility was made using five geographical races of the codling moth. None was found.

Scymnus marginicollis Mannerheim was reared on green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). At 20°–25 °C and a 16-h photoperiod, durations of egg, larval, and pupal stages were about 5, 10, and 7 days, respectively. Adults survived more than 80 days. The ingestion of wax-producing prey was not required for the beetle larvae to produce their woolly wax covering. Larvae fed exclusively by sucking fluids from appendages of the aphid prey. The coccinellid consumed about 16 adult aphids during the larval stage. Adults fed on fluids and tissues of M. persicae. Female adults consumed about five aphids per day, nearly twice as many as did males. The beetle populations increased in July and reached peak abundance in August. The seasonal trend of S. marginicollis suggests one generation per year.

In southern Louisiana, Corticeus glaber (LeConte) outnumbered Corticeus parallelus (Melsheimer) 3.7:1 during 15-month study from October 1976 to December 1977. Corticeus spp. varied significantly (P < 0.01) among the 52 sample dates and three sample heights on infested tree boles. Corticeus spp. were significantly correlated with numbers of southern pine beetle eggs, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, in the bottom and middle samples but not in the top sample. Corticeus glaber peak arrival occurred from 14 days prior to 14 days following pine beetle mass attack, while C. parallelus peak arrival occurred from 7 days prior to 10 days following pine beetle mass attack.