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15418 results in Military history

Page 211 of 771

  • 2 - The Afterlives of First World War Heroines

  • Alison S. Fell, University of Leeds
  • Book:
    Women as Veterans in Britain and France after the First World War
    Published online:
    23 June 2018
    Print publication:
    12 July 2018, pp 52-90

  • Summary

    My second chapter examines those who were designated as ‘war heroines’, either officially, such as Edith Cavell, or more locally, by the press, regional authorities or by members of organisations. I also trace in this chapter the ‘afterlives’ of surviving French and British wartime heroines as they attempted to reintegrate into peacetime life after the Armistice. Where women died, their heroine status remained largely uncontested, as they were fixed forever in the public imagination as ‘martyrs’ of the war. For the women who survived, however, their experiences were more varied. Some women were able successfully to use their heroine status to intervene in public life in various ways, becoming public speakers, joining male veteran associations, or publishing their stories in books and newspapers. Others, however, were less accepted once the guns had fallen silent, and found the post-war years dissatisfying. Their writings often express a degree of nostalgia for their wartime lives, a sense in which their experience as veterans was one of disappointment with the limitations of peacetime – a sentiment which is also to be found in many male veteran writings of the period.

  • 4 - Writing as a Veteran

  • Alison S. Fell, University of Leeds
  • Book:
    Women as Veterans in Britain and France after the First World War
    Published online:
    23 June 2018
    Print publication:
    12 July 2018, pp 127-160

  • Summary

    My fourth chapter examines women who sought to enter the literary market in the 1920s. It looks at two groups of female writers who used their war experiences as the raw material for their published works with the aim of entering the male-dominated ‘war literature’ market: nurses and women who were part of resistance movements in occupied France and Belgium. I consider how these women adapted the genres created by male writers in order to present themselves as war writers. In order to do so they cast themselves as war veterans, thereby endowing their autobiographical narratives with authenticity and authority. As I will show, sometimes this resulted in a degree of reinvention and fictionalisation to fit in with the generic tradition established by male combat writers. An analysis of the memoirs of female members of Resistance networks, for example, reveals the importance of aligning themselves to positive models of service and self-sacrifice associated with war heroism in order to distance themselves from widespread cultural stereotypes of female spies as untrustworthy prostitutes, often embodied in the figure of Mata Hari.

  • 1 - Women as Veterans in the Commemorative Landscapes of Interwar Britain and France

  • Alison S. Fell, University of Leeds
  • Book:
    Women as Veterans in Britain and France after the First World War
    Published online:
    23 June 2018
    Print publication:
    12 July 2018, pp 20-51
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  • Summary

    Chapter 1 begins with a discussion of women who were considered to be veterans by others and explores the ways in which these women were positioned as veterans in commemorative culture. It analyses the uses made of ‘symbolic’ women included in war memorials to the male dead, particularly the nurse, who became a symbol in both nations of patriotic female participation in war. It also considers the ways in which memorials and other commemorations of women who were killed or who died on active service in the war attempted to define female deaths as ‘war deaths’, thereby implying a degree of equivalence to the male war dead.

  • 3 - ‘That Glorious Comradeship’

  • Alison S. Fell, University of Leeds
  • Book:
    Women as Veterans in Britain and France after the First World War
    Published online:
    23 June 2018
    Print publication:
    12 July 2018, pp 91-126

  • Summary

    Chapter 3 focuses on collective expressions of female veteran identity, examining the publications and activities of two groups of female war veterans: French war nurses, and British ex-members of the Queen Mary Army Auxiliary Corps. These groups of women formed associations in the early 1920s that were modelled on those formed by their male counterparts. As was the case for male veteran associations, they had both private and public functions, on the one hand providing networks of support and care for their members, and on the other operating as political lobby groups attempting to draw public attention to women’s sacrifices and contributions to the war, and arguing for equal treatment by the state in relation to pensions and other veteran benefits. I explore the uses made by these networks and groupings by former nurses and auxiliary workers, and in particular trace the trajectories of women who continued to make use of their veteran status to allow them to access professions or roles that may otherwise have been unavailable to them.

  • 5 - Women’s Wartime Industrial Action and the Limits of Female Veteran Identity

  • Alison S. Fell, University of Leeds
  • Book:
    Women as Veterans in Britain and France after the First World War
    Published online:
    23 June 2018
    Print publication:
    12 July 2018, pp 161-192

  • Summary

    In Chapter 5 I focus on female industrial workers who were leaders of episodes of wartime industrial unrest, particularly the widespread factory strikes amongst women workers that took place in 1917 and 1918. Women who had led strikes on behalf of women workers were able to gain positions of influence within left-wing networks after the war because they were seen to have proven skills in the successful mobilisation of women workers. This mattered because the post-war years were a period in which unions and political parties were keen to recruit more working-class women. What an analysis of these women’s post-war rhetoric demonstrates, however, are the limits of the identity of war veteran for women; when and by whom it could be claimed, and when it was better to finesse or avoid altogether mention of one’s wartime history. Although these women attempted to claim both cultural capital and solidarity with others through their evocation of the wartime sacrifices of industrial workers in relation to the immorality of profiteers or shirkers, the association of the strikes of 1917 with social and political revolution, particularly in France, meant that they were unable to claim to have selflessly served the nation.

  • 1 - Russia’s Historical Experience in Mountain Warfare

  • Alexander Statiev, University of Waterloo, Ontario
  • Book:
    At War's Summit
    Published online:
    15 June 2018
    Print publication:
    28 June 2018, pp 11-33
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  • Appendix 1 - The Composite Index of National Capability Score

  • from Appendices
  • Roger L. Ransom, University of California, Riverside
  • Book:
    Gambling on War
    Published online:
    21 June 2018
    Print publication:
    28 June 2018, pp 273-278

  • Summary

    Appendix A.1 discusses the Composite Index of National Capability [CINC] Score developed by the Correlates of War Project. The CINC uses data on six broad measures to estimate the ability of a country to wage war: military personnel and Expenditures, total and urban population, energy consumption, and production of iron and steel. The CINC scores for the major powers is provided for selected years from 1850 to 1935.

Page 211 of 771