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11366 results in Ancient philosophy

Page 112 of 569

  • 11 - Ancient Greek Mechanics and the Mechanical Hypothesis

  • Edited by Liba Taub, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Science
    Published online:
    17 January 2020
    Print publication:
    30 January 2020, pp 229-247

  • Summary

    There is a real danger, in approaching the topic of the history of mechanics in antiquity, of becoming entangled in modern terminology. E. J. Dijksterhuis, in his 1961 classic study The Mechanization of the World Picture, approached the ancient antecedents to his topic by looking at the history of atomist thought; it could be equally misleading to suppose that the history of mechanics in antiquity coincides with the development of mathematical laws to describe the motion of heavy bodies. If we look instead at the history of the body of technology that the ancient Greeks called ‘mechanics’ – ta mêchanika or hê mêchanikê technê – and the theories evolved to explain their workings, we would be tracing a different story. That is the topic of this chapter.

  • 1 - Presocratic Natural Philosophy

  • Edited by Liba Taub, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Science
    Published online:
    17 January 2020
    Print publication:
    30 January 2020, pp 15-38

  • Summary

    Recent studies have revived interest in the early Greek philosophers as both scientists and philosophers. This chapter explores the relation between these kinds of activity, suggesting that early Greek interests in the possibility of human knowledge and in science support each other. The early philosophers’ analyses of knowledge included developing new views about the nature of human intellect and of divinity, making room for human knowledge about the world that is independent of the traditional divine inspiration or warrant.

The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Science
  • Edited by Liba Taub
  • Published online:
    17 January 2020
    Print publication:
    30 January 2020
  • This book provides a comprehensive overview of the key themes in Greek and Roman science, medicine, mathematics and technology. A distinguished team of specialists engage with topics including the role of observation and experiment, Presocratic natural philosophy, ancient creationism, and the special style of ancient Greek mathematical texts, while several chapters confront key questions in the philosophy of science such as the relationship between evidence and explanation. The volume will spark renewed discussion about the character of 'ancient' versus 'modern' science, and will broaden readers' understanding of the rich traditions of ancient Greco-Roman natural philosophy, science, medicine and mathematics.

Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics Book X
  • Translation and Commentary
  • Edited and translated by Joachim Aufderheide
  • Published online:
    19 December 2019
    Print publication:
    16 January 2020
  • Accompanied by a new translation of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics X, this volume presents a hybrid between a traditional commentary and a scholarly monograph. Aristotle's text is divided into one hundred lemmata which not only explore comprehensively the content and strength of each of these units of thought, but also emphasise their continuity, showing how the smaller units feed into the larger structure. The Commentary illuminates what Aristotle thinks in each lemma (and why), and also shows how he thinks. In order to bring Aristotle alive as a thinker, it often explores several possible ways of reading the text to enable the reader to make up their own mind about the best interpretation of a given passage. The relevant background in Plato's dialogues is discussed, and a substantial Introduction sets out the philosophical framework necessary for understanding Book X, the final and most arresting section of the Ethics.

  • Chapter 4 - The Extended Hylomorphic Model: GC II 9

  • Devin Henry, University of Western Ontario
  • Book:
    Aristotle on Matter, Form, and Moving Causes
    Published online:
    14 November 2019
    Print publication:
    05 December 2019, pp 77-104

  • Summary

    As we have seen Physics I identifies matter and form as ‘the causes and principles’ from which naturally generated substances first come into being (e.g. 190b10–23; cf. Metaph. VII 8). On this model, matter plays the role of the subject from which the change proceeds while form is the positive state acquired as a result of the change. When Aristotle returns to the principles of natural generation in GC II 9, he goes to great lengths to show that these two principles alone are not sufficient to account for the change. Instead, we must posit a third principle over and above those two.

Page 112 of 569