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3356294 results

Page 76 of 167815

Interrogating Lesbian Modernism
  • Histories, Forms, Genres
  • Edited by Elizabeth English, Jana Funke, Sarah Parker
  • Published by:
    Edinburgh University Press
    Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    01 June 2023
  • Makiko Minow coined the phrase 'lesbian modernism' in 1989. Since then, scholars of lesbian modernism have produced crucial work to critique and expand the modernist canon. At the same time, there has been ongoing critical debate about what constitutes a lesbian modernist text, who counts as a lesbian modernist author, and how lesbian modernism relates to queer and trans modernism. This edited volume presents twelve newly commissioned chapters that reassess and interrogate the meanings, uses and limitations of lesbian modernism by exploring a broad range of authors, genres and histories. Individual chapters investigate what work the concept of 'lesbian modernism' has done in the past, how its boundaries have been defined and contested, and what voices have been included and excluded. As a whole, the book demonstrates how the concept of lesbian modernism can be mobilised in new and meaningful ways to continue to inform and enrich modernist studies.

An Introduction to Ethics
  • 2nd edition
  • John Deigh
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • Now in an expanded and revised second edition, this book offers clear, penetrating examination of the central questions of ethics through study of the most important ethical theories in Western philosophy. Readers are introduced not only to the main ideas of each theory but also to contemporary developments and defenses of those ideas. Among theories the book covers are egoism, the eudaimonism of Plato and Aristotle, act and rule utilitarianism, modern natural law theory, Kant's moral theory, and existentialist ethics. Two new chapters add to this coverage expositions of Hume's ethics, Sidgwick's program for defending utilitarianism, and Rawls's hypothetical contractarianism. The discussions throughout draw the reader into philosophical inquiry through argument and criticism that illuminate the profundity of the questions under examination. Students will find this book to be a helpful guide to how philosophical inquiry is undertaken as well as to what the major theories of ethics hold.

Moderate Liberalism and the Scottish Enlightenment
  • Montesquieu, Hume, Smith and Ferguson
  • Constantine Christos Vassiliou
  • Published by:
    Edinburgh University Press
    Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    31 July 2023
  • Moderate Liberalism and the Scottish Enlightenment responds to a perennial problem in political theory: how to balance commercial considerations with the public good. It investigates this dilemma through the lenses of Enlightenment thinkers whose liberal theories responded to the hazards of commercial innovation during capitalism's nascent stages. Vassiliou argues that Montesquieu, David Hume, Adam Smith, and Adam Ferguson represent a moderate perspective in foundational liberal thought, which emphasizes the critical importance of honour. He compares how their liberal theories uniquely channel human beings' desire for honour to nourish a sense of interpersonal magnanimity within an inward-looking, liberal commercial world. In an age of polarized extremes, we have witnessed restive democracies flirting with populist, illiberal responses for managing the hazards of capitalist innovation. Montesquieu and his Scottish counterparts' foundational liberal theories offer us more viable, middle-ground prescriptions which are sensitive to the emotional constitution of a liberal society.

Gendering Secession
  • White Women and Politics in South Carolina, 1859–1861
  • Melissa DeVelvis
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    13 March 2025
  • Gendering Secession explores the lives and politics of South Carolina's elite white women from 1859 to 1861. The political drama that unfolded during the secession crisis of 1860 has long captured our attention, but scant regard has been paid to the secessionist women themselves. These women were astute political observers and analysts who filtered their “improper” political ideas through avenues gendered as feminine and therefore socially acceptable. In recreating the rhythms of the year 1860, Melissa DeVelvis spotlights the moments when women realized that national events were too overwhelming to dismiss. Women processed these changes through religious metaphor and prophecy, comparisons to history and the American Revolution, and language borrowed from popular novels. Drawing from emotions history, literary analysis, and even handwriting analysis, DeVelvis reveals how these fiercely patriotic South Carolinian women responded to threats of disunion with fears and misgivings that men would or could not express.

Globalizing Europe
  • A History
  • Edited by David Motadel
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    13 March 2025
  • Globalizing Europe explores modern Europe's myriad entanglements with the wider world, considering the continent not only as an engine but also as a product of global transformations. It looks at the ways in which the global movements of peoples and ideas, goods and raw materials, flora and fauna have impacted life on the continent over the centuries. Bringing together a group of leading historians, the book shows how the history of Europe can be integrated into global history. Taken together, its chapters will help reshape our understanding of the boundaries of Europe – and the field of modern European history.

Decoherence and Quantum Darwinism
  • From Quantum Foundations to Classical Reality
  • Wojciech Hubert Zurek
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    13 March 2025
  • The measurement problem has been a central puzzle of quantum theory since its inception, and understanding how the classical world emerges from our fundamentally quantum universe is key to its resolution. While the 'Copenhagen' and 'Many Worlds' interpretations have dominated discussion of this philosophically charged question, Zurek builds on the physics of decoherence and introduces the theory of 'Quantum Darwinism' to provide a novel account of the emergence of classical reality. Opening with a modern view of quantum theory, the book reconsiders the customary textbook account of quantum foundations, showing how the controversial axioms (including Born's rule) follow from the consistent core postulates. Part II discusses decoherence and explores its role in the quantum-to-classical transition. Part III introduces Quantum Darwinism, explaining how an information-theoretic perspective complements, elucidates, and reconciles the 'Copenhagen' and 'Many Worlds' interpretations. This insightful book is essential reading for any student or researcher interested in quantum physics.

The Status of the Girl Child under International Law
  • A Semioethic Analysis
  • Clara Chapdelaine-Feliciati
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    13 March 2025
  • Clara Chapdelaine-Feliciati offers the first comprehensive study of the status of the girl child under international law. This book significantly contributes to bridging two fields usually studied separately: law and semiotics. The author engages in the novel legal semiotics theory to decode the meaning of international treaties (mainly the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, and International Covenants) and assess whether the provisions, as formulated, clearly identify the girl child and take into account the obstacles she faces as a result of sexism, childism, and intersectional discrimination. This is also the first book to apply The Significs Meaning Triad – Sense, Meaning, Significance – in international law, and Semioethics for both a diagnosis and prognosis of problematic signs in view of modifying the wording of relevant treaties.

Immoral Traffic
  • An Ethnography of Law, NGOs, and the Governance of Prostitution in India
  • Vibhuti Ramachandran
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    30 April 2025
  • This insightful ethnography delves into the complex intersection of India's anti-prostitution law and global anti-trafficking campaigns, and how they impact sex workers in both voluntary and involuntary situations. Immoral Traffic examines the role of legal actors and NGOs in implementing these interventions, revealing the mix of paternalism, humanitarianism, punitive care, bureaucracy, and morality in their efforts. Through a sequence of interventions prescribed by India's anti-prostitution law, the book follows the experiences of sex workers, from rescues to courts to carceral shelters. It sheds light on the ways in which donor-driven NGOs draw upon this law to implement anti-trafficking agendas, and how these interventions are navigated by women removed from the sex trade. Detailed and eye-opening, this book is a valuable resource for scholars and students of anthropology, law and society, gender and sexuality studies, South Asian studies, global studies, and critical studies of NGOs and humanitarianism.
Science, Pseudoscience, and the Demarcation Problem

Science, Pseudoscience, and the Demarcation Problem
  • Dániel Bárdos, Adam Tamas Tuboly
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    06 March 2025
    • Element
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  • This Element examines various aspects of the demarcation problem: finding a distinction between science and pseudoscience. Section 1 introduces issues surrounding pseudoscience in the recent literature. Popper's falsificationism is presented in Section 2, alongside some of its early critics, such as Thomas Kuhn and Imre Lakatos. It is followed in Section 3 by the notable criticism of the Popperian program by Larry Laudan that put the issue out of fashion for decades. Section 4 explores recent multi-criteria approaches that seek to define pseudoscience not only along a single criterion, but by considering the diversity and historical dimension of science. Section 5 introduces the problem of values (the 'new demarcation problem') and addresses how we can use values in the problem of pseudoscience. Finally, Section 6 concludes by emphasizing the need for an attitude-oriented approach over a rigid, method-based demarcation, recognizing scientific practice's evolving and multifaceted nature.
Islamic Finance and Sustainable Development

Islamic Finance and Sustainable Development
  • M. Kabir Hassan, Aishath Muneeza, Rashedul Hasan
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    06 March 2025
    • Element
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  • Islamic finance is rooted in Shariah or Islamic law, which promotes the well-being of humanity and discourages harmful practices. This Element highlights the nexus between Islamic finance and sustainable development, emphasizing the ethical and socially responsible nature of Islamic finance. It discusses how Islamic financial institutions contribute to sustainable development through the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals , Environmental, Social, and Governance criteria, and Socially Responsible Investment practices. Case studies from different parts of the world demonstrate practical applications of Islamic finance principles in supporting SDG. It suggests reforms that can unlock the full potential of Islamic finance, including the institutionalization of Islamic social finance, convergence with commercial finance, leveraging technology, integrating Shariah-based financial products, considering social return as a benchmark for approving products, introducing blended finance, and collaborating with humanitarian agencies. The potential of Islamic finance for sustainable development provides valuable insights for academicians, practitioners, and policymakers.
Metacognition in Language Teaching

Metacognition in Language Teaching
  • Mark Feng Teng
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    06 March 2025
    • Element
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  • Metacognition, the awareness and regulation of one's own learning process, is a cornerstone of effective language learning. This element is a ground-breaking text that offers a comprehensive guide to incorporating metacognitive strategies into the teaching of reading, writing, vocabulary, and listening. This element stands as a bridge between theoretical frameworks and actionable teaching practices, enabling educators to enhance their students' language proficiency in a holistic manner. This element is replete with case studies, examples from diverse learning contexts, and evidence-based practices. It is an invaluable resource for language educators who aspire to cultivate independent learners capable of self-assessment and strategy adjustment. By fostering metacognitive awareness across all facets of language learning, this element empowers students to take charge of their own learning journey, leading to more profound and lasting language mastery.
The Orchestra of the Cappella Reale, Naples, 1750–1800

The Orchestra of the Cappella Reale, Naples, 1750–1800
  • Anthony R. DelDonna
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    30 April 2025
  • The most prestigious musical ensemble of early-modern Naples remained the Royal Chapel or Cappella Reale di Palazzo. Conceived to serve directly the ruling authority of the capital city – whether the viceroy (Spanish or Austrian) or monarchs (Carlo di Borbone then Ferdinando) – membership in this elite organization offered prestige, financial security, and access to the broader networks of music culture in Naples, attracting the best musicians within and beyond the physical confines of the capital. This Element introduces readers to the largely unknown history of the Neapolitan Cappella Reale in the second half of the eighteenth century. It is based on primary sources, reconstructing the entire personnel of the ensemble (1750–99), recovering previously unstudied contractual agreements, offering details about the musicians while also examining the original music of the principal musicians of the orchestra.
Staging Class Conflict in the UK

Staging Class Conflict in the UK
  • Liz Tomlin
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    31 March 2025
    • Element
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      • Open access
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  • This Element focuses on the frequent staging of the most precarious fraction of the working class in the context of a theatre industry, academy and audiences that are dominated by the cultural fraction of the middle class. It interrogates the staging of an abjectified figure as a means of challenging the stigmatisation of the poor in political discourse, defined here as an ideological imaginary of moral and cultural deficit. The Element argues that in seeking to subvert such an imaginary, theatre that stages the abjectified subject may risk consolidating two further imaginaries of working class deficit that have been confected in political discourse from the 1990s to the 2020s. In conclusion, the Element reflects on the political potential of theatre that rather seeks to eradicate class descriptors, conflicts and hierarchies altogether. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

  • Chapter Five - Alberti in Rome (c. Late 1420s–1434)

  • Peter Weller
  • Book:
    Leon Battista Alberti in Exile
    Published online:
    07 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 March 2025, pp 243-316

  • Summary

    Alberti was possibly in Rome by 1431; Mancini speculates by 1428. The Curia employed composers and authors and editors of papal bulls, and Alberti was employed as such. Recreated in visual topography by Poggio and Flavio, Rome’s surviving monuments would advance Alberti’s dynamic visual encounters. Giotto’s and Cavallini’s formative works in Rome further endowed the spatial avant-garde in the city of Gentile, Pisano, Masaccio, Masolino, Ghiberti, and Donatello. The textual and visual gifts gleaned from Padua, Bologna, and northern Europe would evolve into Rome’s validation of all prescriptions in De pictura.

  • Self-reports vs clinician ratings of efficacies of psychotherapies for depression: a meta-analysis of randomized trials

  • Clara Miguel, Mathias Harrer, Eirini Karyotaki, Constantin Yves Plessen, Marketa Ciharova, Toshi A. Furukawa, Ioana A. Cristea, Pim Cuijpers
  • Journal:
    Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 34 / 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    06 March 2025, e15
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Aims

    The comparability between self-reports and clinician-rated scales for measuring depression following treatment has been a long-standing debate, with studies finding mixed results. While the use of self-reports in psychotherapy trials is very common, it has been widely assumed that these tools pose a validity threat when masking of participants is not possible. We conducted a meta-analysis across randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychotherapy for depression to examine if treatment effect estimates obtained via self-reports differ from clinician-rated outcomes.

    Methods

    We identified studies from a living database of psychotherapies for depression (updated to 1 January 2023). We included RCTs measuring depression at post-treatment with both a self-report and a clinician-rated scale. As our main model, we ran a multilevel hierarchical meta-analysis, resulting in a pooled differential effect size (Δg) between self-reports and clinician ratings. Moderators of this difference were explored through multimodel inference analyses.

    Results

    A total of 91 trials (283 effect sizes) were included. In our main model, we found that self-reports produced smaller effect size estimates compared to clinician-rated instruments (Δg = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03–0.21). This difference was very similar when only including trials with masked clinicians (Δg = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.00–0.20). However, it was more pronounced for unmasked clinical ratings (Δg = 0.20; 95% CI: −0.03 to 0.43) and when trials targeted specific population groups (e.g., perinatal depression) (Δg = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.08–0.32). Effect sizes between self-reports and clinicians were identical in trials targeting general adults (Δg = 0.00; 95% CI: −0.14 to 0.14).

    Conclusions

    Self-report instruments did not overestimate the effects of psychotherapy for depression and were generally more conservative than clinician assessments. Patients’ perception of improvement should not be considered less valid by default, despite the inherent challenge of masking in psychotherapy.

  • Time for a break?: On Tanner’s vision of temporal discontinuity

  • David Newton
  • Journal:
    Scottish Journal of Theology , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    06 March 2025, pp. 1-10

  • This article begins by critiquing Kathryn Tanner’s Christianity and the New Spirit of Capitalism on two fronts. It suggests that her presentation of ‘Financially Dominated Capitalism’ (FDC) is problematically one-dimensional, and it takes issue with her theological construal of time. The article then argues for an alternative temporal vision which both makes better sense of Christian experience and finds resonance with economic policy proposals that undercut FDC.

  • 5 - How Do Drugs Cause Harm?

  • Owen Bowden-Jones, University College London
  • Book:
    How to Talk to Your Child About Drugs
    Published online:
    13 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 March 2025, pp 72-97

  • Summary

    • Psychoactive drug use can cause physical, psychological and social harm.

    • Drug-related harm depends on factors related to the drug and factors related to the person taking the drug.

    • Drug-related factors include the type of drug, how it is used, the amount taken and the length of use.

    • Person-related factors include genetic make-up as well as mental, physical and social health.

    • Drug use can be broadly classified as recreational use, harmful use or dependence.

    • For some people, the risk of drug dependence results from faulty brain functioning.

    • Understanding patterns of harm helps clinicians decide if treatment is needed and, if so, which treatment is most likely to help.

    • Some behaviour, such as gambling, can cause brain changes similar to those seen in drug dependence.

Page 76 of 167815