This chapter focuses on how the thermal evolution of transform margins is controlled by deformation related to ridge migration parallel to the margin, creating pronounced thermal perturbation. It draws from insights provided from the three-dimensional thermal finite element models using a kinematic boundary condition to account for sea-floor spreading center migration. The models are used to quantitatively investigate the complex spatial patterns and temporal changes in the thermal regime of the ocean–continent transform development stage and subsequent transform margin. The models demonstrate the consequences for the uplift history, structural style and crustal structure of a transform margin as lithospheric strength is strongly temperature dependent.

The debate about Christ’s incarnation, and the intention behind the incarnation, is wide-ranging and far-reaching. It concerns God’s purpose and the exercise of God’s will; the identity of Christ; the reason for creation; the nature of salvation; and the destiny of humankind. The thirteenth-century Franciscans had a particular perspective on these questions, characterised by their twin emphasis on creation and incarnation. Rupert of Deutz pointed out that if the incarnation was subject to the fall, God must have intended the fall. He countered that God had always intended the Word to have an earthly role in the divine plan for the chosen people. Figures such as Bonaventure, Grosseteste and Duns Scotus amplify and qualify these issues, and Scotus concludes that Christ would have come in the maximal glory of creation – even if there had been no fall.

The pursuit of a fulfilling life encompasses happiness, health, and personal growth. Amid the complexities of our global environment, achieving a state of wellbeing becomes critical. Barbara Sahakian’s involvement in the UK Government Foresight Project on Mental Capital and Wellbeing underscored the significance of mental health in societal advancement. The project emphasized cognitive enhancement and resilience-building as essential components for individual and collective prosperity. Identifying promoters such as exercise, education, and social support, the project highlighted pathways to cognitive health and wellbeing. Conversely, stress and substance abuse were recognized as detriments. Cognition, encompassing both ‘cold’ and ‘hot’ processes, plays a pivotal role in navigating societal demands and interpersonal dynamics. As technology reshapes industries and societies, preserving mental health amid AI advancements is imperative. Early detection and proactive interventions for mental health issues are crucial steps towards holistic wellbeing. Through evidence-based lifestyle strategies encompassing exercise, nutrition, social engagement, and mindfulness, individuals can promote brain health, cognitive resilience, and overall wellbeing, thereby living fuller, happier lives and contributing to a flourishing society.

This chapter sets the stage for the volume, describing an approach to Otto Neurath’s last years that weaves together biographical, historical, and philosophical strands. Neurath can also be examined from the angle of ‘exile studies’, enthusiastically adapting to British life and making contributions to philosophy, economics, and visual education that were ahead of his time. The themes of planning and education are introduced as narrative hooks to understand Neurath’s late work.

State responses to the recent ‘crisis’ caused by misinformation in social media have mainly aimed to impose liability on those who facilitate its dissemination. Internet companies, especially large platforms, have deployed numerous techniques, measures and instruments to address the phenomenon. However, little has been done to assess the importance of who originates disinformation and, in particular, whether some originators of misinformation are acting contrary to their preexisting obligations to the public. My view is that it would be wrong to attribute only to social media a central or exclusive role in the new disinformation crisis that impacts the information ecosystem. I also believe that disinformation has different effects depending on who promotes it – particularly whether it is promoted by a person with a public role. Importantly, the law of many countries already reflects this distinction – across a variety of contexts, public officials are obligated both to affirmatively provide certain types of information, and to take steps to ensure that information is true. In contrast, private individuals rarely bear analogous obligations; instead, law often protects their misstatements, in order to prevent censorship and promote public discourse.

Chapter 4 is dedicated to the concept of informality as a crucial legal concept for the understanding of trilogues. It begins from a twofold observation. First, the informal nature of trilogues is stated in black and white in a significant variety of legal instruments. Secondly, the role of legal scholarship is to make sense of that unequivocal characterization. Drawing on institutional theory, this chapter argues that informality is a full-blown concept of EU law, and it sets about defining its characteristics. To that end, it compares trilogues with two other informal bodies, namely the Euro Group and the Informal Council meetings. The core idea of this chapter is that the codification of informality translates into legal terms the intention of the institutions to protect certain spaces from an excessive penetration of legal normativity. This intention, in turn, is indicative of the desire to preserve those spaces for the emergence of powerful social frameworks where genuine exchanges among actors may occur; exchanges that should be conducive to compromise.

What does it mean “to tolerate” in a post-Christian and post-secular state? This chapter argues that antecedents of contemporary conflicts over diversity in Europe can be found in early modernity, specifically in early modern practices of toleration, which impacted on both the belonging and the visibility of minorities. New forms of intolerance pertain to the position of religious, ethnoreligious, and sexual minorities in public life, echoing the concerns of the public visibility of minorities inhering in historical Christendom. The political articulation of certain groups as “other” to “the nation” is increasingly mediated through constitutional repertoires, such as constitutional revision and amendments, developments in the hermeneutics of constitutional concepts, or pseudo-constitutional behaviour. This chapter introduces the main themes: tolerance and intolerance, constitutionalism, secularisation, and their significance across the liberal–illiberal divide.

The last major chapter of the book reflects on the question of ‘happiness’ as discussed by Popper, Hayek, and Neurath, but also presents a case study of how Neurath not only theorized on such matters but also sought to make a practical difference by collaboration in planning projects. He became a consultant for the redevelopment of Bilston, a small town blighted by the legacy of the Industrial Revolution. In discussion with town councillors and architects, he steered plans by taking into account the needs of residents, seeking to represent those whose voice was generally not heard. This finally led to Neurath being interviewed in the mainstream media, marking acceptance and respect for Neurath in British culture. He did not want to use his broad learning to set himself apart as an intellectual but instead to articulate the needs of ordinary people.

The KBD theorem is about embedding subsequences of shifts of a suitably regular set into some target set. Developing work of Kingman (1963, 1964), we extend this here to embedding into all members of a family of sets. Useful here is the idea of shift-compactness. We also begin to pass effortlessly between the category and measure cases by working bitopologically, using the Euclidean topology for the category case and the density topology (Chapter 7) for the measure case.