This chapter concluds the book and sketches some of the limits of what may be expected from international law

this chapter discusses the outline of the legal regulation of the global economy, focusing on how the system is divided into separate domains (trade, finance, investment, etc) and provides basic overviews of each of these

Classical mechanics obeys the principle of relativity: the same laws apply in any inertial reference frame. By “inertial” I mean that the system is at rest or moving with constant velocity.1 Imagine, for example, that you have loaded a billiard table onto a railroad car, and the train is going at constant speed down a smooth straight track. The game will proceed exactly the same as it would if the train were parked in the station; you don’t have to “correct” your shots for the fact that the train is moving – indeed, if you pulled all the curtains, you would have no way of knowing whether the train was moving or not.

This chapter assesses the role of the Department of Defense, intelligence community, and Department of Homeland Security in foreign policy as well as the coordination mechanisms across bureaucracies.

As we will learn, cognitive neuroscience had very humble beginnings back in the time of the Romans, and was essentially dormant for close to two millennia thereafter. A surge of interest in anatomy, and the brain in particular, overtook scientists in Europe in the mid-1800s, pushing the field forward. This time period coincided with interest in mapping brain structure to function and description of brain circuits that form the foundations of cognitive neuroscience today. The need to serve the veterans of two World Wars, encompassing regions across the planet, led to a worldwide examination of the behavioral consequences of brain damage. Toward the end of the twentieth century and continuing on until today, an explosion of methods has allowed scientists for the first time to link brain structure and function to mental function in neurologically intact people.

The life story of Muhammad Ali (Figure 4.1), one of the twentieth century’s most famous boxers, interweaves not only boxing and politics, but also the neural basis of motor control. Ali, who was known as Cassius Clay before his conversion to Islam, rose to prominence as an Olympic boxer, eventually turning pro and becoming a world champion. Ali said that his boxing strategy was to “float like a butterfly, sting like a bee,” meaning that his fancy footwork allowed him to flutter around the ring, evading his opponents’ punches until he could move in for a knockout. At the height of his career, Ali was drafted to serve in the US armed forces in Vietnam, but he refused induction because of his religious beliefs. Convicted of draft evasion, he was stripped of his boxing crown and not allowed to box in a sanctioned match for the next three years.

This chapter provides an overview of macroeconomics, which is the study of the economy as a whole. We first discuss what macroeconomics is about. Then we describe how different types of economies (market economy, planned economy, and mixed economy) work to solve economic problems in human society. Then we discuss how economic modeling helps to understand economic phenomena. Finally, the chapter provides a brief history of macroeconomic thought.

A gas turbine engine is a device that is designed to convert the thermal energy of a fuel into some form of useful power, such as mechanical (or shaft) power or a high-speed thrust of a jet. The engine consists, basically, of a gas generator and a power conversion section, as shown in Figures 1.1 and 1.2.

In this chapter, we will get familiar with a unique performance gauge, which is not process dependent, but is rather state dependent, by definition. In other words, the newly defined, so-called “polytropic” efficiency is independent of the size of a turbomachine (in terms of the total-to-total pressure ratio). In addition, we will have a means of computing the overall efficiency of several stages, sharing the same total-to-total magnitudes of pressure ratio and efficiency, without having to resort to the thermodynamics of each individual stage. The point is made that adding more stages to a multistage turbomachine will have drastic, but totally opposite, effects on turbines as contrasted to compressors. We will prove through this exercise that adding more turbine stages enhances the performance of the final turbine configuration. The effect in compressors, on the other hand, is that of performance deterioration.