In this paper, we show that if $\mathscr{C}$ is a category and if $F\colon \mathscr{C}^{\;\textrm {op}} \to \mathfrak{Cat}$ is a pseudofunctor such that for each object $X$ of $\mathscr{C}$ the category $F(X)$ is a tangent category and for each morphism $f$ of $\mathscr{C}$ the functor $F(\,f)$ is part of a strong tangent morphism $(F(\,f),\!\,_{f}{\alpha })$ and that furthermore the natural transformations $\!\,_{f}{\alpha }$ vary pseudonaturally in $\mathscr{C}^{\;\textrm {op}}$, then there is a tangent structure on the pseudolimit $\mathbf{PC}(F)$ which is induced by the tangent structures on the categories $F(X)$ together with how they vary through the functors $F(\,f)$. We use this observation to show that the forgetful $2$-functor $\operatorname {Forget}:\mathfrak{Tan} \to \mathfrak{Cat}$ creates and preserves pseudolimits indexed by $1$-categories. As an application, this allows us to describe how equivariant descent interacts with the tangent structures on the category of smooth (real) manifolds and on various categories of (algebraic) varieties over a field.

The present essay considers what, if any, metaphysical perspective can be discerned in the thought of René Girard. Aware of the fact that Girard has little to say about metaphysics and that what he does say harbours the same reservations and misgivings as his postmodern confreres, I argue that the rudiments of a metaphysics can nevertheless be identified. This metaphysics is not one of violence that Girard, following Martin Heidegger, associates with the violence of Heraclitean logos. Rather, it is one predicated upon the dynamic interplay between identity and difference realised concretely within the incarnate Christ. My claim is that ‘metaphysics’, much like what occurred to the notion of ‘sacrifice’ in Girard’s thinking, requires further development and even redemption. This essay takes an initial step in that direction.

This article considers whether Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) can develop a collective response to a globally welfare-damaging situation that impacts individual Members differentially. We conclude that collective action remains within the letter and spirit of the WTO Agreements. We set out the enabling procedures for collective action in a WTO dispute setting, in particular, the use of the rarely used situation complaint. We were motivated by the United States’ move to redraw its trade relations and break from its international trade commitments through bilateral negotiations in which it holds asymmetric leverage, buttressed by a pre-emptive announced escalation in response to any attempt by counterparties to join in forging a collective response. We conclude that, if undertaken, collective action can raise each Member’s voice into a countervailing choir and, more importantly, it can reinforce the mutual benefits derived from the multilateral trading system. Collective action thus serves a double purpose in engaging domestic concerns and the collective interests of those intending to preserve the multilateral system on which each Member depends.

Let G and H be finite-dimensional vector spaces over $\mathbb{F}_p$. A subset $A \subseteq G \times H$ is said to be transverse if all of its rows $\{x \in G \colon (x,y) \in A\}$, $y \in H$, are subspaces of G and all of its columns $\{y \in H \colon (x,y) \in A\}$, $x \in G$, are subspaces of H. As a corollary of a bilinear version of the Bogolyubov argument, Gowers and the author proved that dense transverse sets contain bilinear varieties of bounded codimension. In this paper, we provide a direct combinatorial proof of this fact. In particular, we improve the bounds and evade the use of Fourier analysis and Freiman’s theorem and its variants.

This article examines the evolution of a political order built on its citizens’ ambitious self-government and achievement and how the fit body became key to this order. In the first part, the article traces the origins of our current understanding of fitness back to the writings of John Locke and the invention of human agency and an ambitious pursuit of achievement as political paradigms. The second part moves on to the nineteenth century and shows how the body moved to the center of ambitious attention and how working on one’s body indicated a desire and responsibility for achievement. In the United States in particular, improving one’s physical ability meant living up to the demands of good citizenship. The article argues that fitness is a liberal political practice, and at the same time it means voluntary submission to the normative ideal of achievement and successful subjecthood.

Indonesia’s banking sector faces digital transformation challenges, with mobile banking growth of 52% projected for 2025, while digital literacy gaps (49.68% financial literacy) and cultural barriers threaten workforce engagement. This study investigates how Indonesian bank leaders foster meaningful work during digital transformation by examining technology factors, workforce readiness, and growth acceleration strategies within Otoritas Jasa Keuangan regulatory oversight and collectivist cultural contexts. Using qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 senior executives across 8 Indonesian banks representing government-owned, private, foreign, and digital institutions between December 2022 and February 2023. Data analysis followed the Gioia methodology, progressing from first-order concepts to theoretical themes and aggregate dimensions. The findings reveal six critical leadership practices enabling meaningful work creation: agile leadership promoting experimentation and psychological safety, tech-forward leadership integrating AI strategically, emotional intelligence managing virtual teams, recognition systems celebrating innovation, regulatory–ethical balance maintaining compliance while enabling innovation, and co-creation approaches involving customers. These practices operate across micro (individual), meso (team), and macro (organizational) levels, requiring sophisticated leadership orchestration rather than simple technology adoption. The study contributes theoretically by extending the human–individual–technology–organization–process framework for Indonesian contexts, refining meaningful work theory for digital environments, and developing an integrated leadership typology. Practically, the research provides evidence-based frameworks for banking leaders and transformation officers implementing human-centered digital transformation that preserves relationship-oriented values while enabling technological innovation within regulatory frameworks.

This article examines the Dublin House of Industry in the final decades of the eighteenth century. Established in 1773, the House of Industry was part of an effort to launch a nationwide system of workhouses and something like a poor law system for Ireland. By the 1790s however, there was a shift from the paternalistic governance of the founders of the house to a new way of managing the relief of the poor within the institution. During this decade, there emerged a new board of governors who adopted a supposed ‘scientific’ approach to philanthropy. Influenced by the ideas of such workhouse reformers as Count Rumford in Munich, the new governors attempted to enact a sweeping series of changes to transform life in the workhouse along ‘oeconomical’ lines. It argues that these transformations reflected broader patterns of social change in the capital, as well as shifts in attitudes to poor relief more generally.

Roger Smith’s Trial by Medicine: Insanity and Responsibility in Victorian Trials traced how Victorian Britain defined legal insanity. Through an interdisciplinary approach, Smith demonstrated how determinations of criminal responsibility were shaped by more than legal reasoning alone, with verdicts also influenced by professional ambition among expert witness groups often with divergent medical opinions, in addition to broader factors such as social class, gender and evolving moral values. Given its rigour and societal insights, it represents a landmark achievement in the field.

This article takes a usage-based Construction Morphology perspective to examine the polysemy of the locative prefixoid up in complex words such as upstairs, upland, upheaval and uproot. Drawing on a relational structure model of morphosemantics, it is argued that the prefixoid systematically approximates the functions of different syntactic categories in different complex words: up functions like a preposition (upstairs), adjective (upland), adverb (upheaval) and verb (uproot). These constructions consequently require bases of specific syntactic categories and differ in the ways in which the prefixoid semantically relates to the second element. These subschemas are investigated in detail using corpus data from the BNC, collostructional analysis and various productivity measures to analyze the selectional restrictions of the open slot of the constructions as well as the semantics of the complex words. This approach elegantly solves the question of category change and the difficulties in identifying the syntactic category of the base in complex words with locative prefixoids, providing an alternative to the righthand head rule.

Cyantraniliprole is a widely used insecticide that disrupts calcium homeostasis by binding to ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Insects have a type of RyR with a 47% sequence homology to mammalian RyRs. Due to the high homology and strong affinity of cyantraniliprole for insect RyRs, concerns have been raised about potential adverse effects in mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cyantraniliprole on the liver and kidneys of male Wistar rat offspring exposed to a dose of 10 mg/kg during gestation and lactation. Thirty-three 80-day-old pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either a control group or a cyantraniliprole group (10 mg/kg). The treatment period lasted from the 5th gestational day to the 21st lactational day. The offspring were euthanized on postnatal day 55 (puberty) or 90 (adulthood). Blood samples were collected for biochemical assays, and liver and kidney samples were collected for histopathological analysis, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory profile assessment. The results indicated that exposure to cyantraniliprole caused vacuolation and vascular congestion in the pubertal and adult offspring, as well as significant morphological changes in the liver and kidneys. There was an increase in catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity in response to oxidative stress induced by the insecticide in the liver, with elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the liver of adult animals and increased myeloperoxidase activity in pubertal animals. These findings suggest that exposure to cyantraniliprole induces significant damage to the organs involved in metabolism and excretion.

The first word in the title is intended in a sense suggested by Lawvere and Schanuel whereby finite sets are objective natural numbers. At the objective level, the axioms defining abstract Mackey and Tambara functors are categorically familiar. The first step was taken by Harald Lindner in 1976 when he recognized that Mackey functors, defined as pairs of functors, were equivalently single functors with domain a category of spans. In 1993, Tambara recognized that TNR-functors (that is, functors designed to have abstract trace, norm and restriction operations, and now called Tambara functors) were equivalently certain functors out of a category of polynomials. We define objective Mackey and objective Tambara functors as parametrized categories that have local finite products and satisfy some parametrized completeness and cocompleteness restriction. However, we can replace the original parametrizing base for objective Mackey functors by a bicategory of spans while the replacement for objective Tambara functors is a bicategory obtained by iterating the span construction; these iterated spans are polynomials. There is an objective Mackey functor of ordinary Mackey functors. We show that there is a distributive law relating objective Mackey functors to objective Tambara functors analogous to the distributive law relating abelian groups to commutative rings. We remark on hom enrichment matters involving the 2-category $\textrm{Cat}_{+}$ of categories admitting finite coproducts and functors preserving them, both as a closed base and as a skew-closed base.

This article studies the origins of Jafr, an apocalyptic, eschatological and occult book attributed to the first Shiʿi imam, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (d. 661). While it remains unclear whether Jafr was ever physically composed, it became associated with lettrism (ʿilm al-ḥurūf) in medieval Sunni and Shiʿi literature. Jafr gradually evolved into a crucial component of Islamic occult traditions and influenced various cosmological theories as well as the letter-magic practices of prominent Sunni and Shiʿi occultists. Despite its historical significance, confusion regarding Jafr’s roots, authorship and content in Shiʿi sources from the third to fifth centuries ah persists in scholarship. This article examines various aspects of Jafr in early Shiʿi tradition and sheds light on its status as a key text of messianism, prognostication and apocalypticism.