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Composer-Performer Collaboration (CPC) has become a distinct research field in the last twenty years. This article explores a long letter written by Justin Connolly to Neil Heyde in place of final workshops for Collana, for solo cello. The letter sheds forensic light on Connolly’s musical vision and approach to collaboration, revealing a distinctive combination of pedantic concern for details (with concomitant precision of notation) and great flexibility. Connolly encourages the performer as an active participant, with responsibility for a ‘parallel universe of discourse’. Heyde responds directly to extracts from the letter and outlines the shared working context. Connolly’s letter confirms the significance of the dimensions of notation, gesture and instrumental choreography that have emerged in the CPC literature but affords a perspective not shaped by academic demand characteristics. It presents an especially sophisticated approach to what recent writing has called empathetic embodiment.
Do developing-country democracies continue to struggle with revenue loss post-trade liberalization? This article revisits the evidence presented in Democracies in Peril and confirms that, despite critiques suggesting otherwise, a substantial revenue shock persists following tariff reductions, and democracies in less developed countries (LDCs) remain particularly vulnerable. Drawing on updated data from the World Development Indicators and supplemental checks with the International Centre for Tax and Development database, we show that democracies have lagged behind non-democracies in compensating for lost trade tax revenues—even after reforms aimed at expanding income taxes and value-added taxes. In addition to emphasizing ongoing domestic political obstacles in liberalizing democracies, we examine emerging challenges that impede revenue generation in LDCs. We conclude with suggested directions for future research on the politics of revenue generation in LDC democracies, emphasizing how improvements in public goods provision and global tax initiatives could help to end the downward cycle in revenue generation.
This study utilises large-eddy simulation with the actuator line model to examine the effects of the tip speed ratio (TSR) on the wake-meandering characteristics of a wind turbine in uniform and turbulent inflows. It is shown that as the TSR grows, the onset position of the wake meandering moves closer to the rotor, and the magnitude of wake oscillation is stronger. This aligns with previous work showing that a higher TSR can accelerate the instability and breakdown of tip vortices. Without a nacelle, the Strouhal number of the wake meandering is found to be independent of the TSR under both the uniform and turbulent inflows. However, with a relatively large nacelle, the Strouhal number first increases and then decreases with TSR. Therefore, the current discovery elucidates the crucial role of the nacelle and clarifies the origin of the TSR dependence of the Strouhal number in wake meandering. In addition, the characteristic frequency of the wake meandering under the turbulent inflow is much smaller than that under the uniform inflow, because of the significant influence of the freestream turbulence. Furthermore, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and spectral POD (SPOD) methods are employed to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of the meandering wake and its TSR dependence. It is found that the tip and root vortices are the prominent wake structures under the uniform inflow, whereas more complex multiscale structures from the interaction between the freestream turbulence and tip/root vortices exist under the turbulent inflow. Moreover, an amplitude modulation phenomenon of the POD time coefficients at the optimal TSR is observed in the uniform inflow case. Finally, a reduced-order model is constructed for predicting the wake dynamics by combining the SPOD and the ‘sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics’ algorithm with high accuracy and interpretability.
There has been recurrent agitation for external self-determination by most of the South-East people of modern Nigeria through the secessionist group the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). This agitation reached crisis point in 2015 with military action which escalated into a violent confrontation, in which the IPOB claimed some of their members were killed. The IPOB’s request for external self-determination fell on deaf ears, however, the counter-claim being that Nigerian territorial integrity cannot be compromised. This article examines the right to self-determination under international law and in the African system, as well as the types of this right that have been identified by scholars and whether the IPOB’s call can be justified. It argues that the type of self-determination sought by the IPOB and the manner in which they seek it may not be attainable under international law, except through a consensus-based process between the Nigerian government and the South-East people of Nigeria.
A widely esteemed and decorated scholar who currently directs the Gotha Research Centre at the University of Erfurt, where he is also Professor in the Cultures of Knowledge in Modern Europe, Martin Mulsow has been working for over two decades to better understand the early modern origins of contemporary European thought. The Hidden Origins of the German Enlightenment, his most recent English publication, is best understood as the latest installment in what is already a three-volume history of the origins of the German Enlightenment. He indicates here that a fourth book has already been finished in German and awaits translation and publication in English in the manner of his other books in this series. The bibliography lists over sixty publications authored by Mulsow, and while his work does not appear to be finished, his recent books in English mark the apex of a scholarly arc that is noteworthy for its persistent questioning of familiar interpretive paradigms and an insistent drive to offer new insights into the origins and dynamics of European Enlightenment history.
The evidence for an upwelling in small donor contributions is evident not just in response to presidential and congressional campaigns, but in statewide elections as well. The general question for this vein of research is whether growth in the donorate contributing $200 or less can be detected in states that would neither be considered hotly competitive battlegrounds nor especially visible in national party politics in terms of size or media attention. Specifically, we gather and examine campaign contribution records for individuals extending back to the early 2000s for Washington State gubernatorial contests. Given that this state has a low ceiling on total campaign contributions to state and local candidates ($2,400 per cycle for governor, $1,200 for state legislative and local offices), there is reason to expect an increasing reliance on small donors as campaign costs have risen. Unlike states with no campaign contribution limits on individuals (e.g., Texas, Pennsylvania, Oregon), candidates in the Evergreen State must go to more donors to raise the same large sums. An important related question is whether the parties are relying on the same locales to harvest small donations that they have traditionally relied upon for larger ones. We see that even in a state that would be considered out of the glare of the national spotlight, the small donor surge is democratizing campaign finance by spatially diffusing financial support. These developments fuel social science curiosity about the causes and effects of these new patterns of participation.
As extreme weather events become more pervasive due to climate change, identifying populations with lower access to resources becomes critical for timely mitigation efforts. Here we analyzed data from a survey conducted in Louisiana after Hurricane Ida to investigate demographic and housing characteristics of those vulnerable to home damage, flooding, and mold exposure after an extreme weather event.
Methods
The survey participants comprised a convenience sample of 167 total respondents, most of whom resided in the Greater New Orleans Area. Sociodemographic, housing, and geographic factors were considered that described the population reporting home damage, flooding, and/or mold due to Hurricane Ida compared with those who did not experience these outcomes from Hurricane Ida.
Results
Sociodemographic and housing factors predicting adverse impact from Hurricane Ida included race, retirement status, educational attainment, Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), type of home, and homeownership status. Of note, those whose homes had flooded prior to Ida had significantly higher odds of reporting home damage with Ida.
Conclusions
Of all the sociodemographic factors associated with Hurricane Ida damage including flooding and mold, a greater level of the SVI was most consistent and often had the strongest associations with these adverse outcomes. A public health focus on neighborhoods with higher SVI could help lead to strategies to mitigate and prevent exposure in future flood events.
Katherine Angel has recently challenged contemporary conceptions of erotic desire by suggesting that sex is a learning process in which we discover what it is to be a person. This paper brings her suggestion to bear on Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. It offers an interpretation of what Hegel calls ‘immediate desire’ and the experience an immediately desiring consciousness makes by reading a key paragraph through the lens of erotic desire. What the paper hopes to show is that Hegel’s analysis of the experience of desire and the example of sexual encounters can be mutually illuminating.
To investigate levels of knowledge and attitudes towards advance healthcare directives among inpatient psychiatry service users in Ireland.
Methods:
A survey was completed among adult inpatient psychiatry service users (n = 47) in Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin.
Results:
Just over one in ten (11%) inpatient psychiatry service users had heard of advance healthcare directives. None had created an advance healthcare directive, but over a quarter (25.5%) had written down or verbally told someone what they would like to happen when they became unwell. When asked ‘if you were supported by your healthcare provider to make an advance healthcare directive, would you like to make one?’, over two thirds responded either ‘definitely yes’ (34%) or ‘probably yes’ (34%). On multi-variable testing, future willingness to make an advance healthcare directive was significantly associated with younger age but not with ethnicity, gender, education, employment status, or prior knowledge of advance healthcare directives. All respondents would involve someone else in making an advance healthcare directive. There was high confidence that healthcare practitioners would respect an advance healthcare directive (87%).
Conclusions:
There are high levels of interest in advance healthcare directives, but low levels of knowledge and use among inpatient psychiatry service users in Ireland. Our findings indicate a need for educational initiatives and resources to increase awareness. Such efforts could usefully focus especially on appropriate use of advance healthcare directives in psychiatric care and seek to bridge the gaps between evidence of benefit, legislative reform, and their use in mental healthcare.
Despite evidence of associations between glucocorticoid treatment and adverse psychiatric and suicidal behaviour outcomes, large-scale observational evidence for serious outcomes is lacking.
Aims
To assess the risk of psychiatric and suicidal behaviour outcomes during glucocorticoid treatment.
Method
Using Swedish population registers, we identified 1 105 964 individuals aged 15–54 years who collected a glucocorticoid prescription in oral form between 2006 and 2020. We investigated associations with a range of psychiatric outcomes: unplanned specialist healthcare contacts due to depressive, bipolar, anxiety or schizophrenia-spectrum disorders; and deaths by suicide or unplanned specialist healthcare contacts due to self-harm (‘suicidal behaviour’). We estimated hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazards models in a medication-only cohort by comparing outcome rates during and outside treated periods within individuals. We further identified individuals with an autoimmune or gastrointestinal autoimmune disorder diagnosis and compared hazards of the outcomes between those who did and did not initiate a glucocorticoid using a target trial emulation approach.
Results
We found increased risks for psychiatric outcomes, with within-individual hazard ratios ranging from 1.08 (95% CI, 1.00–1.16) for depressive disorders to 1.23 (95% CI, 1.12–1.36) for bipolar disorder and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.20–1.31) for anxiety disorders. We found no clear association with suicidal behaviour (hazard ratio: 1.06; 95% CI, 0.96–1.17). These findings were similar when stratified by age and gender. Within-individual associations were attenuated in those diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder. The risk of anxiety and bipolar disorder outcomes appeared particularly elevated in the first weeks of treatment. Absolute rates were modestly elevated during treatment, and higher in those with a history of psychiatric disorders.
Conclusions
Glucocorticoid treatment is associated with elevated risks of serious psychiatric outcomes, including the onset and relapse of common psychiatric disorders. Individuals with psychiatric histories may require additional monitoring during glucocorticoid treatment.
The Pediatric Acute Care Cardiology Collaborative (PAC3) previously showed decreased postoperative chest tube duration and length of stay in children undergoing 9 Society of Thoracic Surgeons benchmark operations. Here we report how these gains were sustained over time and spread to 8 additional centers within the PAC3 network.
Methods:
Patient data were prospectively collected across baseline and intervention phases at the original 9 centres (Pioneer) and 8 new centres (Spread). The Pioneer baseline phase was 6/2017–6/2018 and Spread was 5/2019–9/2019. The Pioneer intervention phase was 7/2018–7/2021 and Spread 10/2019–7/2021. The primary outcome measure was postoperative chest tube duration in hours, with the aim of 20% overall reduction. Balancing measures included chest tube reinsertion and readmission for pleural effusion. Statistical process control methods and traditional statistics were used to analyse outcomes over time.
Results:
Among 5,042 patients at 17 centres, demographics were comparable. The Pioneer cohort (n = 3,383) sustained a 22.6% reduction in mean chest tube duration (from 91.9 hours to 70.5 hours), while the Spread cohort (n = 1,659) showed a 9.7% reduction (from 73.1 hours to 66.0 hours) in the first 13 months following intervention. Across both cohorts, rates of reinsertion (2.0% versus 2.1%, p = 0.869) and readmission for effusion did not change (0.3% versus 0.5%, p = 0.285).
Conclusions:
This multicenter prospective quality improvement study demonstrated sustained reduction in chest tube duration at 9 centres while successfully spreading improvement to 8 additional centres. This project serves as a model for post-operative multicentre quality improvement across a large cohort of congenital cardiac surgery patients.
This article explores the dynamics of urban peripheries in Mandate Palestine, focusing on the Jewish neighbourhoods of Bat Galim in Haifa and HaTikvah near Tel Aviv and Jaffa. It argues that the social and geographical isolation of these peripheries created a dual dynamic: strengthening bonds within the neighbourhood communities while also giving rise to significant conflicts, both within the Jewish society and in Jewish–Arab relations. Drawing on archival sources, letters and interviews, the research examines resident agency, social tensions and inter-communal interactions, demonstrating how these peripheries shaped urban society and culture under British colonial rule through processes of separation and connection.