In the early twenty-first century, New York and other cities established targets to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to help limit global climate change. Limiting these emissions is not an obvious task for local governments: no city’s efforts will materially affect planetary temperatures, and curtailing these emissions imposes costs on local actors mainly for the benefit of the world as a whole. Between 2007, when the city set its first GHG reduction target, and 2019, the city’s emission reduction efforts were consistent with the preoccupation of local elites with economic growth. The city did not impose costly requirements on local actors to reduce their emissions, and the city did not achieve significant emission reductions. However, in 2019, the city government passed a local law that establishes declining caps on greenhouse gas emissions from buildings, and portends real costs on private actors – including the owners of residential real estate – if the city enforces the law. This 2019 law emerged from the efforts of city insiders, and local progressive interest groups motivated by environmental, social justice and labor concerns in the first Trump presidency. The history of the city’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions illustrates the precarious politics of local decarbonization efforts.

Chapter 46 covers the topic of fetishistic and transvestic disorders. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the management of patients with fetishistic or transvestic disorders from first presentation to subsequent complications of the conditions and its treatment. Topics covered include diagnosis, differentials, pathology, co-morbidities, management.

CBT is an effective treatment approach for common mental health problems but is not routinely available at the levels required to support everyone. England’s National Health Service Talking Therapies for Anxiety and Depression (NHSTT – previously IAPT) programme is an attempt at rectifying this issue, arguing that the economic benefits of providing widescale therapy outweighs the cost. A key part of this concept is the stepped care model, where patients are offered the least burdensome (and cheapest) effective treatments first, to maximise how many people can be helped by each therapist. This chapter will review the rationale for NHSTT and its progress to date, as well as exploring the future of programmes such as NHSTT, both in its country of origin and worldwide.

Epikouros the philosopher said in his treatise Principal Doctrines that the just life is calm but the unjust is mostly full of disturbance.1 Thus in a short statement he completely encompassed true wisdom, which, on the whole, has the power to correct the evil in men. Injustice, being the mother city of evils,2 causes the greatest misfortunes, not only for private citizens but collectively for peoples, populations, and kings.

Those in the Carthaginian army were Iberians,3 Kelts,4 Balearians,5 Libyans, Phoenicians,6 Ligystinians,7 and mixed Hellenic slaves.8

The chapter will help you to be able to explain the overarching purpose of any CBT treatment process, consider the rationale for having therapy goals, define the most important features of a good goal, collaboratively create a set of goals with individual patients, and determine the key targets of treatment from a therapist perspective.

Chapter 6 situates John Milton’s major works – Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes – in relation to abiding conflicts over fiscal policy prompted by the Civil War and its aftermath. Milton was actively critical of the Commonwealth’s management of fiscal policy and voiced his fear about the fiscal impact of a restored monarchy. Though fiscal concerns are largely occluded from his poetry, Milton’s depiction of war and its effects continues this critique by dramatizing the disastrous consequences of security imaginaries organized around the violently expansive accumulation of wealth. Milton’s metasecurity dilemma arises in his poetry as a question about how to value people and circumstances correctly, about the relevant criteria to use to orient oneself ethically and politically within catastrophic realities. His poems thus highlight Milton’s deep uncertainty about how to define safety or about what kinds of collective security might be possible in such a disoriented moment.

Humanity’s impact on the planet is undeniable. Fairly and effectively addressing environmental problems begins with understanding their causes and impacts. Is over-population the main driver of environmental degradation? Poverty? Capitalism? Poor governance? Imperialism? Patriarchy? Clearly these are not technical questions, but political ones.

Updated to cover new debates, data, and policy, and expanded to include chapters on colonialism, race and gender, and the impacts of energy and resource extraction, this book introduces students to diverse perspectives and helps them develop an informed understanding of why environmental problems occur.

How the international community should act is deeply contested. Guiding students through the potential responses, including multilateral diplomacy, transnational voluntary action, innovative financial mechanisms, problem displacement, consumer-focused campaigns, and resistance, this book explains the different forms of political action, their limitations and injustices.

Online resources include lecture slides, a test bank for instructors, updated weblinks to videos, and suggested readings for students.

Question 1: A 26-year-old model presents to your clinic with concerns that her nose has grown bigger and become unsightly. This concern began after she was involved in an accident and was hit on the nose three months ago. Despite consulting multiple doctors and being told that her nose is normal, she is only reassured temporarily before the concerns return. It distresses her and leads her to wear a mask to cover her face, affecting her work as a model. What is the diagnosis?

The chapter will help you to be able to describe the developmental context of working with Children and Young People (CYP), assess and formulate using developmentally sensitive CBT theory, explain the evidence underpinning intervention with CYP and their families, adapt CBT for working with CYP and families at different ages (including considerations around neurodiversity).

Question 1: Jenna is a 39-year-old woman brought in by her husband for excessive worrying. These symptoms started around two years ago. She worries about not paying her bills on time, being stuck in the lift, missing her medical appointments, and even the whereabouts of her five-year-old daughter. Her family describes her as a ‘worrier’ since young, but her anxiety seems to have worsened over the past two years. She has been feeling restless and having difficulties with sleep and concentration. Her work performance has suffered, and she was recently fired. What is your diagnosis?

Various biomolecular methods increasingly augment foundational methodologies for the study of pastoralism, including isotopic analyses, analyses of ancient human and animal DNA, identification of milk proteins, and residue analyses that identify animal carcass fat and milk fat. Although the results of biomolecular analyses can significantly expand the evidentiary basis for the archaeology of pastoralism and have in many ways revolutionized the field, they are not some sort of panacea that can easily solve all of the conceptual, interpretive, empirical, and disciplinary problems laid out in Chapter 1.

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, scholars and critics in Irish studies have been changing readers’ minds about the Irish Revival, which in the century before was largely associated with the Literary Revival, especially the Abbey Theatre and its directors, W. B. Yeats, Lady Augusta Gregory, and J. M. Synge. This new scholarship has been both revisionist and restorative; the literary revivalists have remained important but within a more expansive conception of the Revival, one that acknowledges the role of nationalist historiography and political and social activism in its development from the peak era (ca. 1890–1922) to the present. Lesser known figures, movements, texts, and practices have taken their place in the cultural history of the Revival. At the same time, new scholarship reveals patterns of consistency and continuity in Irish society and culture that are clearly indicative of a “latter-day” revivalism. As the contributors to The Revival in Irish Literature and Culture attest, the Irish Revival encompassed social and political as well as cultural spheres of Irish life; in fact, the early Literary Revival was more politically progressive than the traditional conception of it as a coterie dominated by an Anglo-Irish cultural elite.

Question 1: What is the most common cardiac complication you would expect to find in a 16-year-old person with anorexia nervosa?

The introduction begins with the story of Domitila, a young campesina who escaped to the mountains at night to train for the coming insurrection. Guarding her secret, she endured beatings from her father, who accused her of promiscuity. After her father discovered the revolver hidden underneath her pillow, he affords her a form of respect that he had previously reserved for men. Through Domitila’s personal story, I explain the conditions that drove rural workers to organize, the dramatic rise of state repression against unarmed movements, the left’s radicalization, the subsequent formation of the insurgency, the outbreak of the civil war (1980–1992), women’s organizing in the guerrilla territories and in multiple countries abroad, and the postwar battles to remember an insurgent past. I also contextualize El Salvador within a regional and global Cold War history. After the major actors and temporal scope are identified, I explain how dominant narratives, many rooted in Cold War paradigms, have contributed to the erasure of revolutionary women within feminist histories. I offer an alternative framework and methodology – rooted in dialectical approaches, oral history, and movement archives – that takes seriously the political contributions of revolutionary women.