This chapter focuses on how urban development relates to coastal flood risk. It begins with key concepts related to coastal geomorphology and flooding in river deltas and estuaries (e.g., processes of landscape formation, protective benefit of wetlands, storm surge, human impacts on coastlines). It then presents the urban development and flood histories of New Orleans (including Hurricane Katrina) and New York City (including Hurricane Sandy). The cases are assessed and compared using the Urban Risk Dynamics framework. Both demonstrate how urbanization in coastal cities often entails extensive loss of wetlands, construction of navigational waterways that inadvertently funnel storm surge, and floodplain expansion through land subsidence or building out the waterfront. Urban expansion into more hazardous lands may be intentionally enabled through construction of flood protection structures. Generally, the least economically valuable land was occupied by the most socially vulnerable populations. Catastrophic events like Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy spur mitigation but reinforce ongoing urbanization trends. Lower density areas, however, provide opportunities for strategic retreat.

Cities are economic entities. Their location, functioning, growth, decline, and internal structure are all heavily influenced by economic forces. This chapter draws from the fields of urban economics, economic geography, and regional science in order to present some core concepts of urban growth and change organized around three questions: Why are cities where they are? What drives urban growth and change? And how does a city grow across a landscape? Foundational concepts (e.g., first and second nature, competition between cities, agglomeration economies, density gradients, transport technology and urban form, the monocentric city model, nonmarket forces) are explained narratively and illustrated through examples from cities around the world. A key message is that the economic logic of urban development is constrained by geography, enabled by technology, and shaped by human institutions, including urban planning. The chapter emphasizes that the urban built environment at risk from hazards is a tangible accumulation of the city’s economic history.

The upbringing and professional career of Wu Jian (1462–1506) and his uncle, Wu Cong, shed light on two key issues. First is the gradual transformation of merit nobles within the Ming polity, particularly their role in dynastic defenses. Second is the dynasty’s continued efforts to secure military ability through instituting new practices, including the education and training of young merit nobles and entrusting capable civil officials with substantial military responsibilities. Before turning to Wu Jian’s career, however, we first consider the experiences of his mother and other women, whose abilities both in managing large, complex households and negotiating with the dynastic state, were essential to the fortunes of all merit noble families.

1. What can social work educators do to help students with mental health issues? 2. What kinds of resources are needed to help social workers recover from childhood adversity? 3. What are the human rights issues in this story?

1. What are the necessary issues of engagement in rural, traditional, and agricultural communities to make a change? 2. What kind of justice actions are required from social workers engaged with agrarian communities? 3. How can social work learn from different community approaches to update professional social work education, theory, and practice? Can this learning promote local solutions to local problems?

In the introductory volume of The History of Sexuality, Michel Foucault counters the prevailing view of the Victorian era as sexually repressive, noting instead a proliferation of discourses that coalesced into a science of sexuality. The emergence of modern drama in the late nineteenth century bears out Foucault’s challenge to the repressive hypothesis. This chapter considers the relation between modernist theatre and the history of sexuality as articulated by Foucault, tracing a shared concern with the intertwined figures of the hysterical woman, the sexualised child, the perverse adult, and the reproductive couple. Foregrounding representations of these figures in modernist plays across a range of styles and genres, the chapter suggests the integral role of modernist theatre in the production of modern sexual identities and how, through revivals, adaptations, and performative responses, the modernist dramatic and theatrical archive continues to shape/shift the living, corporealised repertoire of contemporary sexualities/theatricalities.

Chapter 5 shows that German housing programs reached a turning point in the mid-1970s. Initially, these programs reinforced the postwar export-oriented growth regime by alleviating housing shortages and creating low-cost housing that limited wage demands and inflation. However, as housing shortages abated, policymakers started criticizing them for contradicting the growth regime by increasing public debt, diverting capital from manufacturing, and fueling inflation. Unlike American policymakers who expanded housing support in response to post-Keynesian challenges, German policymakers began scaling down housing programs. By the late 1980s, they had gradually reduced large-scale rental housing programs. At the same time, they protected homeownership support, including through Chancellor Helmut Kohl's 1986 tax reform, not as a growth strategy but as policies for family support, wealth creation, and old-age security. However, key actors in the German growth regime critiqued homeownership programs for limiting labor mobility, inflating prices, and shifting capital away from manufacturing. For the time being, German politicians prioritized political factors and ignored macroeconomic critiques.

Chapter 8 highlights the paradoxes of American and German housing policymaking amid surging house prices during the 2010s and early 2020s. American housing programs reinforced demand-led growth but also fueled financial bubbles and economic turmoil. In the post-2008-2009 period, this pattern persisted as policymakers continued stimulating housing-based growth, which simultaneously contributed to skyrocketing house prices, fears of a housing bubble, and an affordability crisis. In contrast, German policymakers retrenched housing programs that once supported the country's export-oriented growth regime by deflating housing costs. Consequently, they deprived themselves of the tools to respond to rapidly rising housing costs and affordability problems of recent years that risked fueling inflation and wage demands detrimental to export competitiveness. The conclusion of this book extends the broader lessons beyond the United States and Germany to such countries as Austria, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, illustrating how these countries' different growth regimes channel housing policymaking in different directions.

Americans understood the importance of establishing judicial authority over maritime war from the moment they began resisting British hegemony in the 1770s. The states’ unwillingness to prevent American seafarers from violating the rights of foreigners during the American Revolution provoked diplomatic controversies that undermined the drive for independence. After the war, supporters and skeptics of the new Constitution fiercely debated its creation of a federal judiciary. Anti-Federalist critics feared the centralizing and despotic tendencies of life-tenured judges who would be “subject to no control.” But even the “most bigotted idolizers of state authority,” Alexander Hamilton famously wrote in The Federalist, agreed that the federal courts should have exclusive authority over maritime cases. If Americans truly wanted a government that could fulfill the nation’s international obligations and maintain harmony with other sovereigns, they needed a judiciary with the power to resolve disputes arising at sea.