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Now more than ever the international community plays a central role in pressing governments to hold their own to account. Despite pressure to adhere to global human rights norms, governments continue to benefit from impunity for their past crimes. In an age of accountability, how do states continue to escape justice? This book presents a theory of strategic adaptation which explains the conditions under which governments adopt transitional justice without a genuine commitment to holding state forces to account. Cyanne E. Loyle develops this theory through in-depth fieldwork from Rwanda, Uganda, and Northern Ireland conducted over the last ten years. Research in each of these cases reveals a unique strategy of adaption: coercion, containment, and concession. Using evidence from these cases, Loyle traces the conditions under which a government pursues its chosen strategies and the resulting transitional justice outcomes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Ancient Christians understood themselves to be enslaved to God, an attitude that affected their ethics, theology, and self-understanding. This widespread belief is made especially clear in the Shepherd of Hermas, an overlooked early Christian text written by an enslaved person, which was nearly included in the New Testament. In this book, Chance Bonar provides a robust analysis of the ancient discourses and practices of slavery found in the Shepherd of Hermas. He shows how the text characterizes God's enslaved persons as useful, loyal property who could be put to work, surveilled, and disciplined throughout their lives – and the afterlife. Bonar also investigates the notion that God enslaved believers, which allowed the Shepherd to theorize key early Christian concepts more deeply and in light of ancient Mediterranean slavery. Bonar's study clarifies the depth to which early Christians were entrenched – intellectually, practically, and theologically – in Roman slave society. It also demonstrates how the Shepherd offers new approaches to early Christian literary and historical interpretation.
The Holocaust is now widely recognized as a central event in twentieth-century Europe. But how did the genocide of the Jews affect European attitudes towards Jews, Judaism and Jewishness after 1945? While many histories of antisemitism exist, Good Jews offers an investigation of philosemitism – defined as a politics of post-Holocaust friendship. Gerard Daniel Cohen presents a critical exploration of the languages of philosemitism in mainstream European politics and culture from 1945 to the present day, with particular emphasis on Germany and France. Within this framework Cohen explores how the 'Jewish question', or the problem of Jewish difference and incorporation in Western countries during the postwar decades, has been distinctively foregrounded in the language of philosemitism. Ultimately, Good Jews demonstrates that philosemitic Europe is not an idealised love story, but a reflection of European attitudes towards Jews from the Holocaust to the present.
Over a century after racial zoning was invalidated, American land use remains racially unjust. When racist tools were abolished, other facially neutral tools were created or adapted to maintain white power and wealth. Policies, practices, and laws evolved to embed racial inequality and white supremacy deeply into institutional structures and landscapes. Despite modest improvements since the early twentieth century, land use and neighborhood conditions for Black people and other people of color remain dramatically worse than for whites. Discrimination and segregation persist. This enduring and multi-faceted nature of racial injustice in the American land use system means that there is no one cause and no one solution. Instead, this book advocates for nuanced systemic change. Using cross-disciplinary analysis in social-movement history, legal theory, and public policy, the authors call for a racial-justice transformation that integrates grassroots racial-justice activism, newly revitalized anti-subordination legal theories, and many different public policy reforms.
This unique transnational history explores the extraordinary lives of left-wing volunteers who fought in not just one, but multiple conflicts across the globe during the mid-twentieth century. Utilising previously unpublished archival material, Heiberg, Acciai and Bjerström follow these individual soldiers through military conflicts that were, in most cases, geographically centred on individual countries but nonetheless evinced a crucial transnational dimension. From the Spanish Civil war of 1936 to the Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979, the authors marshall these diverse case studies to create a conceptual framework through which to better understand the networks and recruitment patterns of transnational volunteering. They argue that the Spanish Civil War created a model for this transnational left-wing military volunteering and that this experience shaped the global left responses to a range of conflicts throughout the twentieth century.
This Element, through detailed example, scrutinizes the exact nature of Christian storytelling in the case of the Greek Pseudo-Clementines, or Klementia, and examines what exactly is involved in the correct interpretation of this Christian prose fiction as a redefined pepaideumenos. In the act of such reconsideration of paideia, Greek cultural capital, and the accompanying reflections on prose literature and fiction, it becomes clear that the Klementinist exploits certain cases of intertextual and meta-literary reflections on the Greek novelistic fiction, such as Chariton's Chaereas and Callirhoe and Achilles Tatius' Leucippe and Cleitophon, in order to evoke these reconsiderations of storytelling, interpretive hermeneutics, and one's role as a culturally Greek reader pepaideumenos. This Element argues that the Klementia bears witness to a rich, dynamic, and Sophistic context in which reflections on paideia, dynamics regarding Greek identity, and literary production were neatly intertwined with reflections on reading and interpreting truth and fiction.
This Element revisits the historiographical and archaeological paradigms of Roman rural economies, with a particular focus on the peasant communities of Roman Iberia. Traditionally overshadowed by the dominance of the villa schiavistica model, which centers on large-scale slave-operated agricultural estates, recent interdisciplinary research has unveiled the complexity and persistence of peasant economies. By integrating data from archaeological surveys, rescue excavations, and textual analyses, this volume highlights the significance of dispersed settlements, small-scale farms, and sustainable agrarian strategies that defined the peasant landscape. Case studies from diverse sectors of the Iberian Peninsula demonstrate diverse modes of land use, such as intensive cultivation, crop rotation, and manuring, which contrast with the economic assumptions tied to elite-dominated production models. Furthermore, the author explores Roman peasants' socio-economic structures and adaptive strategies, emphasizing their pivotal role in shaping landscapes. This Element advocates for reexamining Roman peasantries as active and complex agents in ancient history.
This book explores counterterrorism measures in Belgium and the UK, focusing on rights to liberty in the wake of European terrorist attacks during the first two decades of the century. Delve into legal frameworks, case studies, and recommendations for aligning Belgian legislation with European human rights standards.
Sociology of Mental Health, 4th Edition offers a comprehensive introduction to the impact of social forces on mental health. Fully updated throughout, it features eleven new chapters on such topics as immigration, the work-family interface, and LGBTQ+ mental health. Part I addresses the central theoretical developments in the sociology of mental health. Part II examines the social context of mental health, including the social structures, statuses, and positions that affect mental health. Part III moves to the system level, focusing on the structural forces that shape mental health care. Each chapter is written by leading scholars who have defined our understanding of the relationship between mental health and society. This book is designed for mental health students, educators, researchers, and providers, serving as an essential resource for anyone seeking to understand mental health and mental health delivery systems.
The Yoruba Are on a Rock focuses on the Africans who arrived in Grenada decades after the abolition of the British slave trade and how they radically shaped the religious and cultural landscape of the island. Rooted in extensive archival and ethnographic research, Shantel A. George carefully traces and unpacks the complex movements of people and ideas between various points in western Africa and the Eastern Caribbean to argue that Orisa worship in Grenada is not, as has been generally supposed, a residue of recaptive Yoruba peoples, but emerged from dynamic and multi-layered exchanges within and beyond Grenada. Further, the book shows how recaptives pursued freedom by drawing on shared African histories and experiences in the homeland and in Grenada, and recovers intriguing individual biographies of the recaptives, their descendants, and religious custodians. By historicising this island's little-known and fascinating tradition, the book advances our knowledge of African diaspora cultures and histories.
A Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Judgments: Why did the Judgments Project (1992-2001) Fail? provides the first comprehensive analysis of the question of why the original Judgments Project of the Hague Conference on Private International Law failed in 2001. The ‘Judgments Project’, sometimes referred to as the holy grail of private international law, was a remarkable and important undertaking. Its purpose was to create a global regime to secure the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters, as well as globally applicable rules on international direct jurisdiction, determining which national courts can hear international civil and commercial proceedings. Key players in the project included the member states of the European Community and the United States of America.
By applying an interdisciplinary approach of legal analysis and project management, the book demonstrates that the preparation and management of the pre-negotiation phase of the project were not commensurate to the complexity of the endeavour, which is likely to have contributed substantially to the discontinuation of the project. The patterns of previous successful Hague Conference project management, as demonstrated by the work on the 1980 Hague Child Abduction Convention and the 1993 Intercountry Adoption Convention, are also analysed, with the perspective that these patterns, which comprised an assessment of the need for and the desirability of new convention projects, as well as their technical and political feasibility, were largely absent from the Hague Judgments Project.
Do donor-conceived children have a right to know the identity of their sperm or egg donor or should donors have a choice to remain anonymous? What does relinquishing donor anonymity mean for establishing parentage? Should laws regulating access to donor information have a retroactive effect? What are the experiences of children conceived with donor sperm? How can we prepare prospective parents for raising a donor-conceived child? Finally, how can we facilitate contact between children and their donors? These are some of the questions that are discussed in this book, which is the result of a multidisciplinary seminar on the right to identity and access to information about genetic origins and parentage, organised by RETHINKIN_, a Scientific Research Network (WOG) 2015–2024 of the Research Foundation Flanders.
The Right to Identity and Access to Information on Genetic Origin and Parentage explores the right to identity from an international human rights perspective and compares the national regulations of states that have waived donor anonymity. It describes different legal paths to discover or establish one’s genetic origins. In addition to legal analyses, the book includes findings from psychological research on the experiences of (intending) parents, donor-conceived people and donors. Moreover, this book not only delves into the theoretical framework, but, additionally, assesses the practices of counselling, registration and providing information, and DNA databases. In particular, the last two chapters focus on experiences in the Netherlands, which may be valuable for other jurisdictions developing regulations surrounding the knowledge of origins.
Based on national reports by family law experts from more than twenty European jurisdictions, The Principles of European Family Law Revisited provides an insight into recent developments in family law in Europe in the areas of divorce, maintenance between former spouses, parental responsibilities, property relations between spouses and de facto unions. This book presents a comparative analysis between these developments and the five sets of Principles that the Commission of European Family Law has established in these areas over the last twenty years.
The Principles of European Family Law Revisited contains a wealth of information for comparative family lawyers in academia or practice, with the comparative charts in particular providing a useful reference for comparative research. Additionally, in a move that marks a historical first in legal publishing, this book reproduces all the CEFL Principles in one collective volume.
This book is aimed at analysing how court decisions (precedent) function as a source of law by drawing on the comparison between jurisdictions from all over the world, from different legal families and with diverse legal traditions, including Brazil, China, England & Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, South Africa and Sweden.
The contributions cover various aspects such as: The history of precedent; Formal support for precedent as a source of law; The binding nature of precedent; Reporting systems and style of reasoning; Judges as law-makers.
The contributions to this book highlight the differences between the jurisdictions on a formal level and points to how precedent is considered a source of law. Addressing the ‘mystery’ that surrounds precedents, the book explores where there is a significant gap between what is said and what is actually done in various jurisdictions.
The book gives a compelling analysis into how precedents being used as a source of law is an arrangement well-suited to accommodating what all jurisdictions aspire to, namely a legal order that promotes certainty and efficiency by a coherent application of the law and a law that is in harmony with legitimate expectations.
The contributions provide stimulating materials for comparison, exploring nuanced attitudes (both traditional and modern), different court systems and the different relationships between the judiciary and the legislature.
Cosmology and astrophysics provide a unique resource for philosophers of science: due to novel physics, the remoteness of their targets, and the range of relevant spatiotemporal scales, research in these areas pushes the methodology of empirical science to its limits. It should therefore not be surprising that philosophy of cosmology, and, to a lesser degree, philosophy of astrophysics, have seen an explosive growth over the past two decades. This Cambridge Element surveys the existing literature, identifies areas for future research, and highlights how philosophy of cosmology and astrophysics have implications for debates in general philosophy of science.
In this introduction, we first describe the contents of the Summa Logicae in some detail, situating the work in the larger context of medieval logical texts of the thirteen and fourteenth centuries and explaining why it occupies pride of place in Ockham’s philosophical project. Second, we argue that the Summa Logicae was most likely composed in Avignon between 1324 and 1328 contrary to the accepted view that Ockham wrote it in London over the summer of 1323. Third, we trace the legacy of the Summa Logicae from its first reception in Oxford and Paris in the 1330s, into the Parisian controversies of the 1330s and 1340s, and its dissemination further into Europe over the course of the next century or so. We end this history by noting the 1974 publication of the modern critical edition of the Summa Logicae, which was an enormously significant landmark in Ockham studies.
Howard CH Khoe, National Psychiatry Residency Programme, Singapore,Cheryl WL Chang, National University Hospital, Singapore,Cyrus SH Ho, National University Hospital, Singapore
This chapter explores how within certain colonial contexts the use of internationally composed ‘mixed courts’ to guarantee the individual rights of Westerners contributed to the origins of European integration law. It first introduces readers to the origins and characteristics of these mixed courts, which operated between the middle of the nineteenth and the middle of the twentieth centuries, highlighting especially the cases of the Mixed Courts of Egypt and the Mixed Court of Tangier. It then describes the personnel continuities that existed between these courts and post-Second World War European law, both within the European Communities and the Council of Europe. Finally, to further illustrate this point, the chapter will zoom in on one case before the Mixed Court of Tangier that not only raised the question of treaty law as constitutional law, but also elicited a cautious, yet not entirely negative, assessment by Nicola Catalano, who would shortly afterwards become one of the most influential early ‘Euro-lawyers’.
Howard CH Khoe, National Psychiatry Residency Programme, Singapore,Cheryl WL Chang, National University Hospital, Singapore,Cyrus SH Ho, National University Hospital, Singapore
Chapter 28 covers the topic of opioid use disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers go through the management of a patient with opioid use disorder from from first presentation to subsequent complications of the condition and its treatment. Topics covered include symptoms and diagnosis of acute intoxication and withdrawal symptoms of opioids and management including that of use in pregnant women.