This is a study of relations between pure cubic fields and their normal closures. Explicit formula shows how the discriminant, regulator and class number of the normal closure can be expressed in terms of the cubic field.

Let K be the finite field of pn elements, and Zp its prime subfield. It was proved by Davenport [3] that if p > p0(n) and θ is any given generating element of K, then there exists an integer m such that θ + m is a primitive root of K.

This paper presents a recent result for the problem introduced eleven years ago by Fraenkel and McLeod [A diffusing vortex circle in a viscous fluid. In IUTAM Symposium on Asymptotics, Singularities and Homogenisation in Problems of Mechanics, Kluwer (2003), 489–500], but described only briefly there. We shall prove the following, as far as space allows. The vorticity ${\it\omega}$ of a diffusing vortex circle in a viscous fluid has, for small values of a non-dimensional time, a second approximation ${\it\omega}_{A}+{\it\omega}_{1}$ that, although formulated for a fixed, finite Reynolds number ${\it\lambda}$ and exact for ${\it\lambda}=0$ (then ${\it\omega}={\it\omega}_{A}$), tends to a smooth limiting function as ${\it\lambda}\uparrow \infty$. In §§1 and 2 the necessary background and apparatus are described; §3 outlines the new result and its proof.

Let υ be a valuation on K with value group Gυ, residue field kυ, rank υ = t and K (x1, …, xn) be the field of rational functions over K with n variables. If G is the direct sum of G1 and d infinite cyclic groups where G1 is a totally ordered group containing Gυ as an ordered subgroup with [G1 : Gυ] < ∞ and k′ is a finite field extension of kυ then there exists a residual transcendental extension u of υ to K (x1, …, xn) such that rank u = t + d, Gu = G the algebraic closure of kυ in kυ is k′ and trans deg ku/kυ = n − d.

Let be a sequence of mutually disjoint open balls, with centres xj and corresponding radii aj, each contained in the closed unit ball in d-dimensional euclidean space, ℝd. Further we suppose, for simplicity, that the balls Bj are indexed so that aj≥aj+1. The set

obtained by removing, from the balls {Bj} is called the residual set. We say that the balls {Bj} constitute a packing of provided that λ(ℛ)=0, where λ denotes the d-dimensional Lebesgue measure. Thus it follows that henceforth denoted by c(d), whilst the packing restraint ensures that Larman [11] has noted that, under these circumstances, one also has .

In what follows, R will denote a commutative domain with 1, and Q(≠R) its field of quotients, which is viewed here as an R-module. By RP we denote the localization of R at the maximal ideal P, and more generally, by MP = Rp⊗RM the localization of the R-module M at P, which we define to be the P-component of M. The symbol R* will mean the multiplicative monoid of nonzero elements of R. For a submonoid S of R*, Rs will denote the localization of R at S.

A function

analytic and univalent in U = {z: |z| < 1} is said to be starlike there, if f(U) is f starshaped with respect to the origin, that is, if w ε f(U) implies tw ε f(U) for 0 ≤t ≤ 1. We denote by S* the class of all such functions. The Koebe function; k(z) = z(l – z)-2, z ε U, maps U onto the complex plane minus a slit along the I negative real axis from - ¼ to ∞, and thus belongs to the class S*. Recently Leung [4] has shown that, if

then, for f ε S*,

for every p > 0.

The object of this paper is to solve the Saint-Venant torsion problem for those cross-sections with inclusions, which are such that the z-plane boundaries involved can be mapped into concentric circles in a complex ζ-plane by the transformation

with z´(ζ) ≠ 0 or ∞ within the cross-section. We shall consider both solid and hollow inclusions having different elastic rigidities μ. In the case of the solid inclusion we have to restrict the coefficients as to be zero for all negative s, but it is an advantage to leave this restriction to the end of the analysis, since the forms of certain coefficients in the two cases differ only in this respect.

Gale transforms are constructed for certain infinite dimensional α-polytopes. In a manner analogous to the finite dimensional case the Gale transform can be used to determine all closed faces and Radon partitions of the α-polytope. A by-product is a characterization of closed faces using nets of functionals.

Let D denote the unit disc in the complex plane. If p and q are two complex numbers, let x(p, q) denote the chordal distance between p and q on the Riemann sphere. In particular, we have the formula

and

The following problem was posed by Paul Gauthier: if f(z) and g(z) are meromorphic functions in D such that Clunie [4] has answered this problem in the negative by constructing different meromorphic functions f(z) and g(z) with the desired property. However, the functions constructed by Clunie both have an infinity of poles in D. It is the purpose of this note to give an example of two analytic functions―which thus have no poles―which also give a negative answer to the problem of Gauthier.

We investigate the steady pressure driven flow of conducting fluid through an insulating circular pipe in the presence of a transverse applied magnetic field. It is well known that an exact solution is available, and the series expressions for the fluid velocity and induced magnetic field have often appeared in the literature, Uflyand (1960), Uhlenbusch and Fischer (1961), Gold (1962); however, no progress has been made in deriving asymptotic expansions for large Hartmann number directly from these series. Boundary layer methods have been used by Shercliff (1953. 1962) to determine the core structure, the Hartmann layer structure, the current distribution and the flow rate; however, these analyses do not describe the tangential layers (called obscure layers by Shercliff), which are located in the vicinity of the points at which the applied magnetic field is tangential to the pipe.

Given a finite-dimensional Banach space $X$ and an Auerbach basis $\{(x_{k},x_{k}^{\ast }):1\leqslant k\leqslant n\}$ of $X$, it is proved that there exist $n+1$ linear combinations $z_{1},\ldots ,z_{n+1}$ of $x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}$ with coordinates $0,\pm 1$, such that $\Vert z_{k}\Vert =1$, for $k=1$, $2,\ldots ,n+1$ and $\Vert z_{k}-z_{l}\Vert >1$, for $1\leqslant k<l\leqslant n+1$.

Let G be a locally compact abelian group. Then there is a finitely additive regular set function m defined on an algebra A of Borel sets in G, m(G) = 1, such that m(T-1F) = m(F) for all F ∈ A and all surjective group endomorphisms T of G onto G.

This note contains characterizations of those sigma-fields for which sigma-finiteness is a necessary condition in the Radon-Nikodym Theorem.

Our purpose is to consider those σ-fields for which σ-finiteness is a necessary condition in the Radon–Nikodym Theorem. We first prove a measure theoretic equivalence in the general case, and then use this to obtain an algebraic characterization in the case when the σ-field is the Borel field of a locally compact separable metric space. For undefined terminology we refer the reader to [1] for measure theoretic and [2] for algebraic properties.

By a measure, we mean a countably additive function from σ-field of sets or a Boolean σ-algebra into the non-negative extended real numbers. We will say that a measure μ on a σ-field of sets Σ is RN provided each μ-continuous finite measure on Σ has a Radon–Nikodym derivative in L1(μ).

A major result of D. B. McAlister is that every inverse semigroup is an idempotent separating morphic image of an E-unitary inverse semigroup. The result has been generalized by various authors (including Szendrei, Takizawa, Trotter, Fountain, Almeida, Pin, Weil) to any semigroup of the following types: orthodox, regular, ii-dense with commuting idempotents, E-dense with idempotents forming a subsemigroup, and is-dense. In each case, a semigroup is a morphic image of a semigroup in which the weakly self conjugate core is unitary and separated by the homomorphism. In the present paper, for any variety H of groups and any E-dense semigroup S, the concept of an “H-verbal subsemigroup” of S is introduced which is intimately connected with the least H-congruence on S. What is more, this construction provides a short and easy access to covering results of the aforementioned kind. Moreover, the results are generalized, in that covers over arbitrary group varieties are constructed for any E-dense semigroup. If the given semigroup enjoys a “regularity condition” such as being eventually regular, group bound, or regular, then so does the cover.

For a metric space <Ω, ρ> and a ‘measure function’ h, the Hausdorff measure mh on Ω is denned by applying Method II to the premeasure defined by τ(E) = h(d(E)), E ⊆ Ω, where

with d(Φ) = 0, is the diameter of E. The set function mh is then a metric outer measure. There are many variations on this definition producing measures also associated with the name Hausdorff. Here we are concerned with those measures which arise when there is a restriction on the sets E for which τ is defined. Such measures arise, for example, as net measures, Rogers [1]. Also we might find it useful to have τ defined only on disks, or only on squares, or only on rectangles with a given relation between vertical and horizontal sides.

The incidence matrices for the finite projective planes, for the so-called λ-planes (where two lines meet in λ points instead of the usual 1) and for some other configurations, including those of Pappus and Desargues, are all cases of what are defined below as (v, k, t, λ)-matrices. These are shown here to possess arithmetical properties which reduce, in the case of cyclic projective planes, to properties remarked on by Marshall Hall [3]. And if a certain group hypothesis (which suggests itself in a natural way) is satisfied by a matrix of this type, the matrix is shown to be equivalent (by rearranging the rows and columns) to a direct sum of incidence matrices for λ-planes, each of which satisfies the same group hypothesis.

In all that follows, E denotes a separated locally convex space, E' its topological dual, and <x, x−> the bilinear form expressing the duality. We consider the differentiation of a function f:t → f(t) of a real variable t which takes its value in E; the domain of f will be an open interval which, without loss of generality, may be taken to be the entire real axis. There are various senses in which the derivative may or may not exist, and it is proposed to consider some relations between these senses.

A method of finding critical points in a half space is developed. It is then applied to the study of semilinear boundary value problems, and used to determine conditions which lead to multiple non-trivial solutions.

An (r,r+1)-factor of a graph G is a spanning subgraph H such that dH(v)∈{r,r+1} for all vertices v∈𝒱(G). If G is expressed as the union of edge-disjoint (r,r+1)-factors, then this expression is an (r,r+1)-factorization of G. Let μ(r) be the smallest integer with the property that if G is a regular loopless multigraph of degree d with d≥μ(r), then G has an (r,r+1)-factorization. It is shown that if r is even. The proof employs a novel list-coloring approach. Together with known results, this shows that μ(r)=r2+1 if r is odd and if r is even.