Postpartum psychosis is a severe psychiatric disorder that leads to hospital admission in about one woman per 1,000 deliveries. It coincide with the vulnerable period associated with becoming a mother and may, if untreated, lead to suicide and infanticide. Some risk factors for postpartum psychosis have been identified in previous research, such as primiparity and previous psychiatric disorder.

Knowledge on how postpartum psychosis is related to obstetric factors might be helpful in the clinical risk assessment of postpartum psychosis.

The aim of this large-scale follow-up study was to examine the association between postpartum psychosis and certain pregnancy and delivery complications and other obstetric variables, after adjustment for age, year of delivery and previous hospitalization for psychiatric disorder.

1,133,368 Swedish first-time mothers were included during a 29-year period yielding 1,413 hospitalized cases of postpartum psychosis. Several obstetric variables were analyzed separately after adjustment for possible confounders.

Respiratory disorder in the neonate, severe birth asphyxia, preterm birth, caesarean section, perinatal death and SGA infant were associated with an increased risk of postpartum psychosis. After adjustment for previous hospitalization for psychiatric disorder only preterm birth and acute caesarean section remained significant risk factors for postpartum psychosis (relative risks were 1.20 and 1.31, respectively).

The relative risk of postpartum psychosis among first-time mothers with previous hospitalization for psychiatric disorder was increased more than 100-fold.

Careful clinical risk assessments of postpartum psychosis are crucial among women with a history of psychiatric disorder whereas obstetric variables have a minor importance.

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

According to the UN Refugee Agency, around 100 million individuals were estimated to be forcibly displaced worldwide in 2022 due to violence, war or other human rights violations. This represents a doubling in the global population of forcibly displaced individuals during the last decade. War migrants are frequently exposed to multiple traumas, including direct or indirect exposure to violence, as well as extended periods of insecurities in access to housing, clothes, food, education and health care. As a corollary, war migrants face extensive health risks, including elevated risks of psychiatric disorders with potential implications for the development of other conditions, e.g. autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. The most recent evidence of the health risks of war migrants will be reviewed along with possible mitigating factors of such adverse sequalae.

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Most women that reached menopause, experience depression. This study was done with this purpose to investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on depression in postmenopausal women.

In this experimental study, twenty six postmenopausal depressed women with age of 45-55 years, who sampled randomly in 2 groups (control and experimental), were participated in this investigation. The experimental group followed exercise training program including walking three times a week, for 3 months. But control group did not participate in any exercise program. depression level was measured before and after exercise.

Mean of depression in experimental group before exercise training relative to after exercise training were significantly decreased.

The results of present study demonstrated that regular aerobic exercise training decrease depression symptom. So, the authorities should apply strategies to decrease depression symptoms by changing life style from inactivity to exercise training in order to support postmenopausal women somatic health.

Recognition of cognitive deficits in old-age depression is especially important since they contribute to poor function outcome, have strong implications for coping abilities and treatment compliance. However, substantial variability in cognitive deficits among older depressed persons has been reported. Clinical and demographic characteristics are likely to have contributed to inconsistencies in previous findings.

To assess effects of unipolar depression on cognitive performance in a population-based sample of elderly persons (60+ years).

An extensive cognitive test battery was administered. Eighty-nine persons fulfilled ICD-10 criteria for unipolar depression (mild, n=48; moderate; n=38, severe; n=3) after thorough screening for dementia (DSM-IV criteria), psychiatric comorbidities, antidepressant pharmacotherapy, and lastly preclinical dementia.

Unipolar old-age depression was associated with deficits in processing speed, attention, executive function, verbal fluency, and episodic free recall. No depression-related deficits were observed in short-term memory, semantic memory, or spatial ability. Increasing age did not exacerbate the cognitive deficits in old-age depression. The cognitive deficits remained significant after exclusion of persons with preclinical dementia, except free recall, where performance differences were at trend level.

Cognitive deficits in unipolar old-age depression involve a number of cognitive domains, and are also present among persons with mild depression. Importantly, no statistically significant performance differences between mild and moderate/severe depression were observed. Given the prevalence of depression in older populations, the impact of this disorder on cognitive functioning may be relatively large at the population level.

To evaluate the impact of the perception of body image on sexual activity of obese patients compared to a sample from the general population.

A cross-sectional case-control study. It involved 40 obese married patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 40 normal weight subjects of the general population. A questionnaire was presented with sociodemographic data, somatic and psychiatric personal histories and data on obesity. Besides, there were seven items assessing perception of body image and five items assessing the impact on sexuality.

The sex-ratio (men/women) of obese patients was 0.53. Obese women were less frequently satisfied with their body image than men (p = 0.002). Obese subjects were statistically more dissatisfied with their bodies than controls (p = 0.039). In Obese patients, avoidance of sexual intercourse was significantly related to dissatisfaction with body image (p = 0.025) and to the perception of unattractive body (p = 0.026). Sexual satisfaction was statistically correlated with the perception of a positive attracting body (p = 0.015). Sexual desire was statistically correlated to the satisfaction of body image (p = 0.019), positive perception of an attractive body (p = 0.017) and positive perception of a youthful body (p = 0.041). Sexual pleasure was correlated with the perception of an attractive body (p = 0.016).

The stigmatization of obese subjects leads to a weakening of the healthy perception of body and might be an obstacle to sexual fulfillment.

Even at therapeutic doses, mood stabilizers do not completely address symptoms in bipolar depression. Some guidelines recommend add-on antidepressant therapy or quetiapine.

Early effectiveness of quetiapine extended release (quetiapine XR) vs. sertraline in adults with bipolar depression; treated with lithium or valproate at clinically therapeutic blood levels (change from baseline in the MADRS global score at week 2 (LOCF) endpoint). Others (secondary objectives) were measured at week 8.

Prospective, open label, randomized study of 8 weeks follow-up (D1443L00058).

27 patients were randomized to quetiapine XR (14) or sertraline (13). Mean age was 46.07 years. 17 patients (62.96%) were male. 20 (74.07%) were diagnosed with bipolar disorder type I. Mean number of previous events were 9.74. Mean baseline MADRS score was 28.23 (SD 5.86) and 29.50 (SD 5.00) for sertraline and quetiapine XR groups, respectively (p = 0.59).

Mean change in MADRS score (2 weeks from baseline) was: -6.62 (sertraline group) and -13.14 (quetiapine XR group) (p = 0.08). Final change from baseline was: -10.62 (sertraline) and -17.14 (quetiapine XR) (p = 0.1). Patients with at least one AE and one AE leading to study withdrawal were 12 and 3, respectively (quetiapine XR group); and 9 and 2, respectively (sertraline group). the most frequent AEs were somnolence, dry mouth (35.7%, 21.4%, respectively) (quetiapine XR group), and insomnia, diarrhea, dyspepsia (14.3% for each one) (sertraline group).

Numeric differences (though not significant) in favour of quetiapine XR exist for the early effectiveness of quetiapine XR in bipolar depression. Sponsorship by AstraZeneca.

For populations with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, it is essential to complete cognitive assessment with an adaptive behavior scale.

To translate VABS-II from English to French and establish norms for the French population.

We used the Parent/Caregiver form in order to assess psychometric characteristics of the VABS-II and to develop norms for the French population. VABS-II comprises 4 domains, 11 subdomains, and an optional maladaptive behavior index. The French translation of the VABS-II followed standard cross-cultural translation methods. The study was performed in the Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne department comprising 12 % of France inhabitants and well representing the French general population.

From 4576 VABS-II questionnaires distributed, 1707 were returned and 1654 were analyzed. The reason for exclusion was the impossibility to score one of the subdomains. From 174 questionnaires included in the test-retest, 95 were analyzed, and 79 questionnaires were excluded because 86 under 34 days, 8 > 3 months, and one participant that changed age group between test and retest. Scores based on French norms fluctuated around values based on US norms on all subdomains.

The French Vineland questionnaire is the single test with the adequate norms to allow identifying children with adaptive behavior difficulties. It should be used as a complement of the assessment of the intellectual quotient, according to DSM V, for the diagnosis of intellectual disabilities. It must be done in reference to the developmental and cultural standards specific to the environment in which the person is evolving.

No significant relationships.

Perinatal depression is a particolar challenge to clinicians, and its prevalence estimates are difficult to compare across studies. Furthermore,there are no studies that systematically assessed the incidence of perinatal depression. The aim of this study is to estimate prevalence, incidence, recurrence and new onset of DSM IV minor and major depression (mMD) in an unselected population of pregnant women.

1066 pregnant women were recruited at third month of pregnancy (T0), and minor/major depression (mMD) was assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV disorders (SCID I). The SCID I was administered at baseline evaluation (T0), the Edimburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered at third, 6th (T1), 8th (T2) month of pregnancy, and the SCID I Mood module was administered to confirme an eventual DSM-IV minor or major depression diagnosis when the EPDS score was≥13.

The pregnancy period prevalence of mMD was 12,4%.The point prevalence of mMD decreased from 8,6% at the 3rd month of pregnancy to 1,7% at the 8th month of pregnancy.The cumulative incidence of mMD was 2,2%. The weighted incidence of new onsets during pregnancy was 1,6%. The weighted percentage of recurrences during pregnancy was 3,7%.

The decline in the point prevalence during the second and third trimester of pregnancy found in our study may be attributed to psychological counselling and/or pharmacological treatment.Further studies about new onsets of depression during pregnancy are highly important in order to improve clinical prediction of risk in any individual woman.

The people who maintain close relationships with relatives suffering from addiction to psychoactive substances may become more sensitive to develop a physical, mental and emotional state, similar to an emotional addiction.

The aim of this study is to give a cross-cultural perspective to codependence and reveal the profile of female relatives of addicted persons in Greece and Bulgaria.

Thirty-nine Greek mothers of addicted persons from Greece (Mage = 43.97, SDage = 18.34, all high school graduates), a similar group of forty Greek female participants (32 mothers of non-addicted persons, Mage = 40.97, SDage = 17.22, all high school graduates), and thirty Bulgarian women (all mothers of addicted persons, Mage = 53.55, SDage = 5.58, all high school graduates) were examined with the STAI-state questionnaire, the ZUNG Self Rating Depression Scale and the Questionnaire of Establishment of Codependency.

Results indicated that there are statistically significant differences between the Greek and the Bulgarian female relatives of addicted persons on the scores ofZUNG (MGreek = 51.64, SDGreek = 2.07, MBulgarian = 73.63, SDBulgarian = 4.04) and STAI (MGreek = 53.89, SDGreek = 2.68, MBulgarian = 74.16, SDBulgarian = 4.84), but not for the Questionnaire of Establishment of Codependency. Statistically significant differences in all three questionnaires were found for the groups of Greek mothers of dependent and non-dependent persons (P < .005).

This research suggests that although there is more anxiety and depression reported by the Bulgarian mothers of addicted persons, no cross-cultural difference was found for codependence in mothers of addicted persons.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Sleep problems are commonly seen among the elderly people and these problems affect the quality of sleep and the quality of life.

The current research was conducted in order to determine the quality of sleep and the quality of life of the elderly people.

The research was conducted with 187 elderly people. Personal information form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Turkish Version of WHOQOL-Bref-Quality of Life Scale were used for the data collection.

The ages of the participant individuals ranged from 65 to 83 and mean age was 72.5 ± 5.24. It was determined that all of the elderly people had a bad quality of sleep. There was a significant negative correlation between areas of the quality of life and the quality of sleep. It was found out that scores of all of the areas of the quality of life were low among the elderly who were illiterate and had a chronic physical disease and that their quality of sleep was worse. The widowed and women had lower scores in physical, psychological and social areas of the quality of life scale and their quality of sleep was worse.

The quality of sleep and the quality of life are closely interrelated among the elderly people. A decrease in the quality of sleep causes a decrease in the quality of life. The quality of sleep should be continued by ensuring sleep hygiene among the elderly people and thus the quality of life should be increased.

This paper reviews the novel usage of riluzole, an antiglutamatergic and neuroprotective agent, for affective and behavioral stabilization in autism.

A review of the English-language literature on riluzole usage for pediatric and adult psychopathology, combined with the author's experience with two autistic patients who demonstrated prominent affective stabilization and reduction in self-injury with riluzole.

Riluzole was developed for usage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and is the only drug to slow the progression of this devastating neurological disease. Riluzole inhibits release of glutamate, the primary excitatory amino acid in the brain, and enhances GABA-A receptor function. Riluzole has demonstrated efficacy in open-label trials of adult unipolar and bipolar depression as well as pediatric and adult obsessive-compulsive disorder. Case reports have additionally documented benefit in trichotillomania and self-injury. There is not yet published literature on riluzole usage in autism, but the following cases are presented:

Pt 1: A 20 year-old male with autism, depression with suicidality and self-injury who demonstrated a partial response to electroconvulsive therapy and traditional adjunctive psychopharmacology. Riluzole addition provided sustained remission of residual symptoms.

Pt 2: A 9 year-old male with autism, cyclical mood disturbance and extreme self-injury towards the head requiring extensive protective equipment for safety. Riluzole conferred both affective stabilization and prominent reduction in self-injury.

Riluzole is a new psychopharmacological agent. Efficacy has been demonstrated for mood and anxiety disorders in the typically-developing population. Similar positive benefit may be seen for psychopathology in autism, and merits further investigation.

Psoriasis has a significant impact on the mental and emotional functioning.

It has been reported that the risk of psychiatric comorbidity increases with the severity of the disorder, and the most frequent associations appear to be those with depression and anxiety.

To analyze the association between psoriasis, mental disorders and suicidal ideation in a sample of patients affected by psoriasis. To investigate the differences between psoriasis patients and patients with other dermatologic diseases.

Participants were 242 consecutive patients (142 women and 100 men), 112 patients with psoriasis (46.3%), 77 with melanoma (31.8%) and 53 with allergy (21.0%). All patients were administered a structured sociodemographic interview and the following measures: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A). We also assessed current and previous suicidal ideation and previous suicide attempts.

Patients with psoriasis (compared to other groups of patients) more frequently had a comorbid mood disorder (16.1% vs 3.9% and 0.0%, respectively for patients with melanoma and patients with allergy; χ22 = 14.98; P < 0.001), past suicidal ideation (33.9% vs 15.6% and 18.9%, respectively for patients with melanoma and patients with allergy; χ22 = 2.05; P < 0.01) and attempts (6.3% vs 0.0% and 0.0%, for the other groups of patients; χ22 = 8.37; P < 0.05). Patients with psoriasis reported higher HAM-D scores than melanoma patients.

The clinical evaluation of patients with psoriasis should include the assessment of psychiatric comorbidities and the routinely assessment of suicide risk.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Lifestyle interventions are important to improve the mental and physical health outcomes of people with mental illness. However, referring patients to lifestyle interventions is still not a common practice for mental healthcare professionals (MHCPs) and their own lifestyle habits may impact this. The aim of this study was to investigate MHCPs’ personal lifestyle habits, their lifestyle history and referral practices, and if these are associated with their lifestyle habits, gender, and profession.

In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was distributed across relevant MHCP’s in The Netherlands. Ordinal regression analyses on lifestyle habits, gender, profession, and lifestyle history and referral practices were conducted.

A total of the 1,607 included MHCPs, 87.6% finds that lifestyle should be part of every psychiatric treatment, but depending on which lifestyle factor, 55.1–84.0% take a lifestyle history, 29.7–41.1% refer to interventions, and less than half (44.2%) of smoking patients are advised to quit. MHCPs who find their lifestyle important, who are physically more active, females, and MHCPs with a nursing background take more lifestyle histories and refer more often. Compared to current smokers, MHCPs who never or formerly smoked have higher odds (2.64 and 3.40, respectively, p < 0.001) to advice patients to quit smoking.

This study indicates that MHCPs’ personal lifestyle habits, gender, and profession affect their clinical lifestyle practices, and thereby the translation of compelling evidence on lifestyle psychiatry to improved healthcare for patients.

HIV-related damage of the central nervous system is manifested in varying severity of neurocognitive disturbances. Research on measures of executive functioning has confirmed that HIV infection is associated with progressive difficulties in these abilities. Moreover, several studies in recent years have shown that an impaired cognitive function confers a higher risk of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between executive functions and ART compliance.

We designed a cross-sectional case-control survey. Cases were defined as HIV-infected patients who missing at least 10% intakes in the last year (reported by hospital pharmacy) and self-reported non-adherence by Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). Controls were defined as HIV-infected patients who accomplishing at least last 95% intakes in the last year (reported by hospital pharmacy), and self-reported adherence by SMAQ. Patients with adherences between 90–95% were not included. Executive functions were evaluated with Wisconsin Sorting Card Test. Linear regression was employed as statistical analysis. Results were adjusted for follow-up years. Wisconsin score was already adjusted for gender, age and education level when data were corrected.

Our sample was compound by 63 patients: 37 controls and 26 cases. A statistical signification (P < 0.05) was found for total correct, total errors, perseverative responses, perseverative errors, conceptual level responses and trials to complete first category score between adherence and non-adherence treatment patients.

In our sample worse executive function score, measured by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, was linked to poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Minor but positive changes occurred in the dyadic mother-baby relationship. This was more patent concerning breastfeeding, relationships with their couple and extended family and pediatricians, and attitudes toward job seeking. In addition, the frequent contact with these mothers elicited markedly positive reactions in the 8-9 children/adolescents currently residing in our community.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Major traumatic natural disasters have occurred worldwide. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been the most common psychiatric disorder discussed by the studies addressing the psychological sequelae of adolescents after traumatic natural disasters. In this study we have studied the impacts of natural disaster yash cyclone that took place in West Bengal on the development of PTSD; factors related to the development of PTSD; predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors related to the development of PTSD.

To assess the incidence and prevalence of ptsd amongst survivors of natural disaster yash cyclone in a rural hamlet of West Bengal.

In this study ,200 survivors from Yash cyclone who belonged to Child and Adolescent age group were randomly selected .PCL 5 Scale was used to collect data and assess the incidence and prevalence of PTSD , standardized Bengali versions of the questionnaire was used in our study.

There is statistical correlation between post traumatic stress disorder and subjects exposed to climate change events such as cyclone Yash.

Initial research suggests that a PCL-5 cut-off score between 31-33 is indicative of probable PTSD across samples.

In our study the mean pcl 5 value from the data assessment is 70.67 with standard deviation of 4.61.

Further assessment by linear regression analyses shows that female subjects are more prone to post traumatic stress disorder and higher income groups are more susceptible to ptsd.

As shown by higher values as per the pcl 5 scale.

Our study clearly demonstrates the impact of climate change and natural disasters on the mental health status of people living in disaster prone areas especially the child and adolescent population. Our study group was child and adolescent population between 10 to 15 years.

The psychologist and volunteers had to collect data in disaster affected zone , yet they collected data which gave a clear cut findings and a very clear statement on climate change and mental health. The values are very high and consistent in most subjects across all twenty domains.

It is our opinion that Mental health support should be provided for all victims of climate change and natural disaster calamities such as cyclone and earthquake.

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