To investigate the role of perfectionism in the development of disordered eating behaviours.

382 female university students completed the Hewitt & Flett MPS and the EAT-40 at baseline, one year after (T1) and two years later (T2).

Perfectionism at baseline was significantly associated with long-term abnormal eating attitudes/behaviours. Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) were significant predictors of disordered eating behaviours. SOP at baseline was predictive of diet concerns, at T1 and T2. Baseline SPP was correlated with overall eating disturbance at T1 and T2. Regression analysis revealed that only SPP was a significant predictor of bulimic behaviours and social pressure to eat at T1, but not at T2.

Our findings contribute to a more clear understanding of the association between perfectionism and eating disorders. SOP and SPP were prospectively associated with abnormal eating attitudes/behaviours and SOP was found to be predictive of diet concerns.

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health crisis that originated in China. As an adjacent city to the origin of COVID-19, Hong Kong has been facing different public health challenges raised by the epidemic.

This paper examined the prevalence of common physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, somatic symptoms, and health anxiety among the Hong Kong youth population.

HKYES is an on-going territory-wide epidemiological study collecting youth mental health data with randomly stratified sampling. Participants aged 15-24 years were to complete a physical symptom checklist, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI).

A total of 594 participants have completed the survey since April 2020. The three most common physical symptoms were headache (n=106, 17.8%), fever (n=94, 15.8%) and fatigue (n=78, 13.1%). The mean scores of DASS depression, anxiety and stress subscales were 7.98 (SD 8.14), 5.81 (SD 6.32), and 8.83 (SD 7.93) respectively. Among all, 135 (22.8%) participants reported moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms, 133 (22.4%) reported moderate to severe levels of anxiety symptoms, and 71 (12%) reported moderate to severe levels of stress. There were 40 (6.7%) and 60 (10.1%) participants showing significant levels of insomnia and somatic symptoms, while around one-third of the participants reported a high level of health anxiety.

Youth is at risk of severe psychological impact during the coronavirus. Monitoring the mental health trajectory for youth should become routine practice during times of crisis.

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is defined as a disorder in recognition, discrimination, separation, grouping, localisation or ordering of sounds.AP evaluation of children with learning disorders has two goals:1) to rule out an auditory processing disorder (APD) as a contributing factor for impaired cognition and 2) to diagnose APD in children with learning disabilities, in order to ensure appropriate remediation.

46 children were evaluated for Auditory Processing Disorders. 40 of them were fully assessed in 2 sessions each. 6 were lost to follow-up. We applied the: a) Peripheral hearing testing: Otoscopy, PTA, Speech audiometry b) AP battery:, Speech in noise, Duration Pattern Sequence (DPS), Pitch Pattern Sequence (PPS), Random GAP. C) Speech in noise: normative data from our lab. D) DPS,PPS, Random GAP: Standardized tests (Auditec, St. Louis). E) Learning Disability battery: WISC-III, Language tests (phonemic synthesis, non-words).

22 (of 40) 55% are diagnosed with Auditory Processing Disorders (at least 1 of the AP tests is pathological.) All 22 children with APD are already receiving appropriate treatment according to their auditory processing deficits and are being followed up for their progress. APD management strategies include: 1. Signal enhancement strategies 2. Specific Auditory Training 3.Linguistic, cognitive, metacognitive and educational strategies

Identification of underlying specific auditory deficits in the heterogeneous group of LD children may indicate what remedial action is appropriate, since appropriate management of the auditory processing deficits may lead to improved auditory as well as reading skills.

We describe the efficacy and safety of as-needed use of nalmefene in the subgroup of patients with a high drinking risk level (DRL; men:>60g/day; women:>40g/day); i.e. a group of patients with a great unmet medical need for.

To evaluate the 6 month efficacy and safety of as-needed use of nalmefene 18mg versus placebo in a subgroup of alcohol-dependent patients with high DRL from a randomised controlled trial [NCT00812461].

All patients received a motivational and adherence-enhancing intervention (BRENDA) in combination with either nalmefene or placebo. Number of heavy drinking days (HDDs) and total alcohol consumption (TAC) were measured using the Timeline Follow-back method. Additionally, data on clinical improvement, liver function and safety were collected throughout the study.

The study population consisted of 317 patients: placebo N=162; nalmefene N=155 (mean age 44.8±10.3 years; 69% men; mean HDDs: 22±6.2/month; mean TAC 111±47.9g/day). Mean number of HDDs decreased to 10 days/month and mean TAC decreased to 43g/day at month 6 in the nalmefene group. There was a superior effect of nalmefene compared to placebo in reducing the number of HDDs (-2.7 [95% CI: -5.0;-0.3];p=0.0253) and TAC -10.3 [-20.2;-0.5];p=0.0404). Improvements in clinical status and alanine amino transferase were greater in the nalmefene group compared to the placebo group (p< 0.05). Adverse events were more common with nalmefene; incidence of adverse events leading to dropout was at the placebo level.

As-needed nalmefene was efficacious in reducing alcohol consumption in patients with high risk for alcoholrelated harm.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Older adults constitute the age group in which suicide more often reaches its most categorical expression: consummation.

Identify risk factors for suicide in older people.

Systematic review of the literature on the subject. The databases consulted were Dialnet and Pubmed. The descriptors used have been: “suicide”, “risk factors” and “elderly”, accepting the works found in English and Spanish, with a total of 501 references found after the search, from which 75 have been selected.

As shown in the reviewed studies, there is a progressive increase in suicide rate with age in males. The purpose of dying in the old man is usually characterized by his firm conviction, not infrequently reflexive and premeditated. In the multifactorial etiology of suicidal behaviour in this age group, the main elements to be considered would be psychosocial factors, psychiatric diseases and chronic somatic diseases, resulting in a potentiation among them due to their frequent interaction. The feeling of abandonment, the feeling of emptiness, the despair of the organic collapse and the self-perception of being a useless person, without projects, generates deterioration in the quality of life.

In the multifactorial etiology of the suicidal behaviour of the elderly, they usually play coprotagonic roles, loneliness, isolation, somatic illness and depression. The most likely profile of the suicidal elder would be represented by a man with a history of depressive episode after age 40, who lives alone, with a family history of depression or alcoholism and a recent loss.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Patients suffering from severe somatic illness (e.g. burns, traumatic injuries, myocardial infarction, major surgery, acute respiratory distress, septic shock) that leads to ICU treatment face a high risk of psychiatric morbidity. There is a major challenge to C-/L-psychiatry both during acute treatment and long-term. The presentation will focus on the PTSD risk in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic shock.

A literature survey on the general topic will be given in the introductory part of the presentation (1). Some major findings derived from own empirical studies on ARDS and septic shock will be summarized (2, 3).

ARDS and septic shock define medical conditions of acute respiratory insufficiency or/and systemic inflammation. Both medical conditions are often associated with multiorgan dysfunctions. As a rule, intensive care is based on mechanical ventilation often requiring high doses of sedatives and narcotics. Despite major progresses in intensive care medicine the rate of mortality is still very high among these patients. Several disabling psychological sequelae, such as cognitive dysfunctions, anxiety and mood disorders, posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) have to be evaluated in long-term survivors regarding a persisting negative impact on health-related quality of life. Several factors influencing the risk of PTSD in ARDS survivors may be discussed: increased CO2 triggering panic affects, mismatch of norepinephric overstimulation and Cortisol insufficiency, negative effects of high doses of benzodiazepines resulting in oversedation, prolonged phases of weaning and more frequent states of delirium, number of traumatic memories during ICU. Consolidation and retrieval of traumatic memories of the ICU stay are influenced by complex factors. From a clinical point of view prophylactic stress doses of hydrocortisone may reduce the major risk of PTSD associated with ARDS and septic shock.

ARDS or septic shock not only define a major challenge to C-/L-psychiatry but offer an interesting model to elucidate some basic neurobiological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of PTSD and to develop some new prophylactic strategies for this often chronically disabling psychiatric condition.

The severe mental disorders are the subject of growing research in the area of emotional intelligence because of his relationship with psychosocial functionality loss. Despite treatment advances, patients continue to experience high levels of social, professional and personal disabilities, related to the presence of deficits in cognition. These changes are manifested in two areas: the neurocognitive and social cognition.

To better understand the relationship between neuro- and sociocognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

The aim of this research is to study the factors related to emotional intelligence, with particular interest in neurocognitive deficits.

A total of 75 adult patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder type I were evaluated. The assessment protocol consisted of a questionnaire on socio-demographic and clinical-care data, and a battery of clinical and cognitive scales, including MSCEIT, WAIS-IV, TMT and Rey Figure.

MSCEIT was negatively correlated with age, the severity of the clinical symptoms (BPRS, CGI-S), the TMT-A and the Test of Complex Figure, and positively with the intelligence quotient.

The deficits in emotional intelligence are part of a set of cognitive, social and non-social skills, which are altered in these severe mental disorders. Emotional intelligence worsens with the deterioration of cognitive functioning, executive dysfunction and severity of psychiatric disorder.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Currently, Ghana has only twelfth psychiatrists in active service providing for the mental health needs of a population of nearly 25 million people. Ghana has therefore adopted a system of task-shifting to address the critical shortage of psychiatrists.

To examine the perception of psychiatrists and health policy directors about the government's policy to expand metal health care delivery in Ghana through a system of task-shifting from psychiatrists to community mental health workers (CMHWs).

A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was developed and administered to 11 psychiatrists and 29 health policy directors.

Only one psychiatrist and 3 (10.3%) health policy directors reported they were not aware of task-shifting within Ghana's mental health delivery system. Ten (91.1%) psychiatrists and 23 (79.3%) health policy directors were aware of a policy of the Government of Ghana to improve on the human resource base within mental health through a system task-shifting. Overall, 5 (45.5%) of the psychiatrists and 9 (31%) health policy directors perceived there are some resistance to the implementation of a policy of task shifting including resistance from traditional and spiritual healers, some psychiatrists, some community psychiatric nurses and psychologists. The majority of psychiatrists and health policy directors were of the view that CMHWs should be allowed to assess, diagnose and treat most of the common mental disorders.

Psychiatrists and health policy directors in Ghana support Governments policy to expand on mental health care delivery through a system of task-shifting despite their knowledge of resistance from certain professionals.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Phelan–McDermid syndrome is a chromosomal disorder consisting of a selection on chromosome 22q13.3 associated psychiatric and emotional level, behavioral and traits of autism spectrum disorders. During the neurodevelopmental such chromosomal deletion, which associated with haplo insufficiency Shank 3 causes alterations in the synaptogenesis altering the balance of activating and inhibitory transmission. Throughout the various studies, it is considered that this syndrome has a psychiatric disorder bipolar like.

Here, we present s 13-year-old female diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders in childhood and presented regression with catatonia features and behavioral disorders. Interestingly, she presented mutation/microdeletion of the SHANK3 gene, inducing a premature stop codon in exon 21. Different pharmacological treatments (antipsychotics at high doses and benzodiazepines) failed to improve clinical symptoms and lead to multiple adverse events. In contrast, lithium therapy reversed clinical regression, stabilized behavioral symptoms and allowed patients to recover their pre-catatonia level of functioning. After the first menstruation there was a cycling psychiatric worsening with a similar clinical pattern so risperidone as adjunctive therapy. As a result of this, this patient recovered clinical and socio-functional stability.

They are previous cases where there affective and behavioral improvement after use of mood stabilizer molecules such as valproate or lithium. There is also evidence of the benefit of risperidone low to have a beneficial effect on the balance of activatory and inhibitory transmission level doses of NMDA receptors.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Postcentral gyus (PoCG) has received little attention in brain imaging literature compared to others brain regions. In spite of that, some structural magnetic resonance (sMRI) studies have detected the presence of structural and functional abnormalities in schizophrenia.

1 year longitudinal study assessing PoCG morphometry in First Episode Schizophrenia (FES) patients and in healthy comparison (HC)

We aimed to assess PoCG volumes differences and to explore possible changes over time, by means of sMRI. Also, we aimed to investigate the relationships between PoCG morphometry and clinical and cognitive variables.

56 FES patients, selected through the PAFIP Program, carefully assessed for dimensional psychopathology and cognitive functioning, and matched HC (n=56), underwent two sMRI at 1,5 T (interscan interval=1 year). PoCG grey matter (GM) volumes were measured.

We found a significant reduction in right PoCG GM volume in patients at follow up (Tab.1) and a trend of interaction time x group in male right PoCG. We found positive correlations between right PoCG and SAPS total scores and disorganized symptoms. Finally, we observed inverse correlations between left PoCG and WAIS BD at baseline and between bilateral PoCG and CPT scores at follow up.

Table 1

Results about volume comparions at baseline, at follow up and the interaction time for group.

this is the first study focusing on PoCG in FES patients. Our results suggest a greater decrease of right PoCG, at a trend level, in male patients than in HC, sustaining that PoCG morphometry change in the first year of the illness, possibly sustaining the symptomatology and the cognitive impairment.

The purpose of this study is to investigate issues related to clinical analysis of patients with IAD (internet addiction disorder), we focusing on clinical, demographic features, and comorbidities.

The survey included a representative sample of 543 school students of ages 11 to 18. All of the students answered to a questionnaire comprising 36 questions related to computer activities. Ten girls and 22 boys constituted the sample of Internet addicts. All participants were diagnosed based on psychiatric diagnostic interview and psychiatric scales.

Clinical diagnoses included depression 25%, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder 18,75%, social fobia 15,62%, generalized anxiety disorder 12,5%, obsessive compulsive disorder 6,25%, comportamental disorder 15,62%, 6,25% met criteria for eating disorder. Severity measures of IAD were associated with higher perception of family disability (P ≤ .001)

With these results, it seems reasonable to suggest that effective evaluation of, and treatment for comorbidities disorders is required for students with Internet addiction. Effective management of psychiatric symptoms may indirectly correct pathological Internet use.

Patients with OCD often show unsatisfactory response to first-line treatment, giving rise to a need for novel therapeutic approaches. Recent studies using tDCS for OCD treatment have shown promise.

To assess efficacy and safety of add-on c-tDCS over pre-SMA compared to sham stimulation in patients with OCD.

In this double-blinded study, fourteen patients with OCD were randomized to receive 10 sessions of either active (Cathode over pre-SMA, anode over right deltoid, 2mA, 20 minutes per session, 2 sessions per day, 2 hours apart) or sham tDCS. YBOCS, HAM-D, HAM-A, CGI, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Stroop Test were administered at baseline, post-tDCS, and 1 month post-tDCS.

Group×time interaction effect for YBOCS scores with Repeated Measures ANOVA was not statistically significant, however, reduction in scores in active group was higher, with large effect size (YBOCS scores: Obsessions-ηp2=.344, Compulsions-ηp2= .384, Total-ηp2=.392) (Fig.1 & 2). At 1 month, 42.9% patients in active group and none in sham group showed response. CGI-S score (p=0.016, ηp2=.531) (Fig. 3) and four parameters of WCST (Perseverative responses:p=0.038, ηp2=.448;Percent perseverative responses:p=0.026, ηp2=.485;Percent perseverative errors:p=0.038, ηp2=.447;Trials to complete first category:p=0.011, ηp2=.563) significantly reduced in active group. No significant difference in change in depressive and anxiety symptoms between groups, or change in Stroop Test performance was noted. Adverse effects included transient headache and tingling sensation.

Cathodal tDCS over pre-SMA may be effective in reduction of obsessions, compulsions, illness severity, and enhancing cognitive flexibility in patients with OCD, with no major adverse effects. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings.

No significant relationships.