We prove that for any non-degenerate dendrite D, there exist topologically mixing maps F : D \to D$F : D \to D$ and f : [0, 1] \to [0, 1]$f : [0, 1] \to [0, 1]$ such that the natural extensions (as known as shift homeomorphisms) \sigma _F$\sigma _F$ and \sigma _f$\sigma _f$ are conjugate, and consequently the corresponding inverse limits are homeomorphic. Moreover, the map f does not depend on the dendrite D and can be selected so that the inverse limit \underleftarrow {\lim } (D,F)$\underleftarrow {\lim } (D,F)$ is homeomorphic to the pseudo-arc. The result extends to any finite number of dendrites. Our work is motivated by, but independent of, the recent result of the first and third author on conjugation of Lozi and Hénon maps to natural extensions of dendrite maps.

Let (\mathbb {D}^2,\mathscr {F},\{0\})$(\mathbb {D}^2,\mathscr {F},\{0\})$ be a singular holomorphic foliation on the unit bidisc \mathbb {D}^2$\mathbb {D}^2$ defined by the linear vector field

\begin{align*} z \frac{\partial}{\partial z}+ \unicode{x3bb} w \frac{\partial}{\partial w}, \end{align*} $$\begin{align*} z \frac{\partial}{\partial z}+ \unicode{x3bb} w \frac{\partial}{\partial w}, \end{align*}$$

where \unicode{x3bb} \in \mathbb {C}^*$\unicode{x3bb} \in \mathbb {C}^*$ . Such a foliation has a non-degenerate singularity at the origin {0:=(0,0) \in \mathbb {C}^2}${0:=(0,0) \in \mathbb {C}^2}$ . Let T be a harmonic current directed by \mathscr {F}$\mathscr {F}$ which does not give mass to any of the two separatrices (z=0)$(z=0)$ and (w=0)$(w=0)$ . Assume T\neq 0$T\neq 0$ . The Lelong number of T at 0$0$ describes the mass distribution on the foliated space. In 2014 Nguyên (see [16]) proved that when \unicode{x3bb} \notin \mathbb {R}$\unicode{x3bb} \notin \mathbb {R}$ , that is, when 0$0$ is a hyperbolic singularity, the Lelong number at 0$0$ vanishes. Suppose the trivial extension \tilde {T}$\tilde {T}$ across 0$0$ is dd^c$dd^c$ -closed. For the non-hyperbolic case \unicode{x3bb} \in \mathbb {R}^*$\unicode{x3bb} \in \mathbb {R}^*$ , we prove that the Lelong number at 0$0$ :

1. (1) is strictly positive if \unicode{x3bb}>0$\unicode{x3bb}>0$ ;

2. (2) vanishes if \unicode{x3bb} \in \mathbb {Q}_{<0}$\unicode{x3bb} \in \mathbb {Q}_{<0}$ ;

3. (3) vanishes if \unicode{x3bb} <0$\unicode{x3bb} <0$ and T is invariant under the action of some cofinite subgroup of the monodromy group.

In this paper, we study almost proximal extensions of minimal flows. Let \pi : (X,T)\rightarrow (Y,T)$\pi : (X,T)\rightarrow (Y,T)$ be an extension of minimal flows. Then \pi $\pi$ is called an almost proximal extension if there is some N\in {\mathbb N}$N\in {\mathbb N}$ such that the cardinality of any almost periodic subset in each fiber is not greater than N. When N=1$N=1$, \pi $\pi$ is proximal. We will give the structure of \pi $\pi$ and give a dichotomy theorem: any almost proximal extension of minimal flows is either almost finite to one, or almost all fibers contain an uncountable strongly scrambled subset. Using the category method, Glasner and Weiss showed the existence of proximal but not almost one-to-one extensions [On the construction of minimal skew products. Israel J. Math. 34 (1979), 321–336]. In this paper, we will give explicit such examples, and also examples of almost proximal but not almost finite to one extensions.

This paper is part of a program to understand the parameter spaces of dynamical systems generated by meromorphic functions with finitely many singular values. We give a full description of the parameter space for a specific family based on the exponential function that has precisely two finite asymptotic values and one attracting fixed point. It represents a step beyond the previous work by Goldberg and Keen [The mapping class group of a generic quadratic rational map and automorphisms of the 2-shift. Invent. Math. 101(2) (1990), 335–372] on degree two rational functions with analogous constraints: two critical values and an attracting fixed point. What is interesting and promising for pushing the general program even further is that, despite the presence of the essential singularity, our new functions exhibit a dynamic structure as similar as one could hope to the rational case, and that the philosophy of the techniques used in the rational case could be adapted.

We study recurrence in the real quadratic family and give a sufficient condition on the recurrence rate (\delta _n)$(\delta _n)$ of the critical orbit such that, for almost every non-regular parameter a, the set of n such that \vert F^n(0;a) \vert < \delta _n$\vert F^n(0;a) \vert < \delta _n$ is infinite. In particular, when \delta _n = n^{-1}$\delta _n = n^{-1}$, this extends an earlier result by Avila and Moreira [Statistical properties of unimodal maps: the quadratic family. Ann. of Math. (2) 161(2) (2005), 831–881].

We show continuity under equivariant Gromov–Hausdorff convergence of the critical exponent of discrete, non-elementary, torsion-free, quasiconvex-cocompact groups with uniformly bounded codiameter acting on uniformly Gromov-hyperbolic metric spaces.

We show that a piecewise monotonic map with positive topological entropy satisfies the level-2 large deviation principle with respect to the unique measure of maximal entropy under the conditions that the corresponding Markov diagram is irreducible and that the periodic measures of the map are dense in the set of ergodic measures. This result can apply to a broad class of piecewise monotonic maps, such as monotonic mod one transformations and piecewise monotonic maps with two monotonic pieces.

We investigate quantitative aspects of the locally embeddable into finite groups (LEF) property for subgroups of the topological full group of a two-sided minimal subshift over a finite alphabet, measured via the LEF growth function. We show that the LEF growth of may be bounded from above and below in terms of the recurrence function and the complexity function of the subshift, respectively. As an application, we construct groups of previously unseen LEF growth types, and exhibit a continuum of finitely generated LEF groups which may be distinguished from one another by their LEF growth.

Kingman’s subadditive ergodic theorem is traditionally proved in the setting of a measure-preserving invertible transformation T of a measure space (X, \mu )$(X, \mu )$ . We use a theorem of Silva and Thieullen to extend the theorem to the setting of a not necessarily invertible transformation, which is non-singular under the assumption that \mu $\mu$ and \mu \circ T$\mu \circ T$ have the same null sets. Using this, we are able to produce versions of the Furstenberg–Kesten theorem and the Oseledeč ergodic theorem for products of random matrices without the assumption that the transformation is either invertible or measure-preserving.

We study the asymptotic behavior of the sequence \{\Omega (n) \}_{ n \in \mathbb {N} } $\{\Omega (n) \}_{ n \in \mathbb {N} }$ from a dynamical point of view, where \Omega (n) $\Omega (n)$ denotes the number of prime factors of n $n$ counted with multiplicity. First, we show that for any non-atomic ergodic system (X, \mathcal {B}, \mu , T)$(X, \mathcal {B}, \mu , T)$, the operators T^{\Omega (n)}: \mathcal {B} \to L^1(\mu )$T^{\Omega (n)}: \mathcal {B} \to L^1(\mu )$ have the strong sweeping-out property. In particular, this implies that the pointwise ergodic theorem does not hold along \Omega (n)$\Omega (n)$. Second, we show that the behaviors of \Omega (n)$\Omega (n)$ captured by the prime number theorem and Erdős–Kac theorem are disjoint, in the sense that their dynamical correlations tend to zero.

We examine multiple ergodic averages of commuting transformations with polynomial iterates in which the polynomials may be pairwise dependent. In particular, we show that such averages are controlled by the Gowers–Host–Kra seminorms whenever the system satisfies some mild ergodicity assumptions. Combining this result with the general criteria for joint ergodicity established in our earlier work, we determine a necessary and sufficient condition under which such averages are jointly ergodic, in the sense that they converge in the mean to the product of integrals, or weakly jointly ergodic, in that they converge to the product of conditional expectations. As a corollary, we deduce a special case of a conjecture by Donoso, Koutsogiannis, and Sun in a stronger form.

Given a self-similar set K defined from an iterated function system \Gamma =(\gamma _{1},\ldots ,\gamma _{d})$\Gamma =(\gamma _{1},\ldots ,\gamma _{d})$ and a set of functions H=\{h_{i}:K\to \mathbb {R}\}_{i=1}^{d}$H=\{h_{i}:K\to \mathbb {R}\}_{i=1}^{d}$ satisfying suitable conditions, we define a generalized gauge action on Kajiwara–Watatani algebras \mathcal {O}_{\Gamma }$\mathcal {O}_{\Gamma }$ and their Toeplitz extensions \mathcal {T}_{\Gamma }$\mathcal {T}_{\Gamma }$ . We then characterize the KMS states for this action. For each \beta \in (0,\infty )$\beta \in (0,\infty )$ , there is a Ruelle operator \mathcal {L}_{H,\beta }$\mathcal {L}_{H,\beta }$ , and the existence of KMS states at inverse temperature \beta $\beta$ is related to this operator. The critical inverse temperature \beta _{c}$\beta _{c}$ is such that \mathcal {L}_{H,\beta _{c}}$\mathcal {L}_{H,\beta _{c}}$ has spectral radius 1. If \beta <\beta _{c}$\beta <\beta _{c}$ , there are no KMS states on \mathcal {O}_{\Gamma }$\mathcal {O}_{\Gamma }$ and \mathcal {T}_{\Gamma }$\mathcal {T}_{\Gamma }$ ; if \beta =\beta _{c}$\beta =\beta _{c}$ , there is a unique KMS state on \mathcal {O}_{\Gamma }$\mathcal {O}_{\Gamma }$ and \mathcal {T}_{\Gamma }$\mathcal {T}_{\Gamma }$ which is given by the eigenmeasure of \mathcal {L}_{H,\beta _{c}}$\mathcal {L}_{H,\beta _{c}}$ ; and if \beta>\beta _{c}$\beta>\beta _{c}$ , including \beta =\infty $\beta =\infty$ , the extreme points of the set of KMS states on \mathcal {T}_{\Gamma }$\mathcal {T}_{\Gamma }$ are parametrized by the elements of K and on \mathcal {O}_{\Gamma }$\mathcal {O}_{\Gamma }$ by the set of branched points.

This paper studies several aspects of symbolic (i.e. subshift) factors of \mathcal {S}$\mathcal {S}$ -adic subshifts of finite alphabet rank. First, we address a problem raised by Donoso et al [Interplay between finite topological rank minimal Cantor systems, S-adic subshifts and their complexity. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 374(5) (2021), 3453–3489] about the topological rank of symbolic factors of \mathcal {S}$\mathcal {S}$ -adic subshifts and prove that this rank is at most the one of the extension system, improving on the previous results [B. Espinoza. On symbolic factors of S-adic subshifts of finite alphabet rank. Preprint, 2022, arXiv:2008.13689v2; N. Golestani and M. Hosseini. On topological rank of factors of Cantor minimal systems. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. doi:10.1017/etds.2021.62. Published online 8 June 2021]. As a consequence of our methods, we prove that finite topological rank systems are coalescent. Second, we investigate the structure of fibers \pi ^{-1}(y)$\pi ^{-1}(y)$ of factor maps \pi \colon (X,T)\to (Y,S)$\pi \colon (X,T)\to (Y,S)$ between minimal {\mathcal S}${\mathcal S}$ -adic subshifts of finite alphabet rank and show that they have the same finite cardinality for all y in a residual subset of Y. Finally, we prove that the number of symbolic factors (up to conjugacy) of a fixed subshift of finite topological rank is finite, thus extending Durand’s similar theorem on linearly recurrent subshifts [F. Durand. Linearly recurrent subshifts have a finite number of non-periodic subshift factors. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 20(4) (2000), 1061–1078].

We define a Toledo number for actions of surface groups and complex hyperbolic lattices on infinite-dimensional Hermitian symmetric spaces, which allows us to define maximal representations. When the target is not of tube type, we show that there cannot be Zariski-dense maximal representations, and whenever the existence of a boundary map can be guaranteed, the representation preserves a finite-dimensional totally geodesic subspace on which the action is maximal. In the opposite direction, we construct examples of geometrically dense maximal representation in the infinite-dimensional Hermitian symmetric space of tube type and finite rank. Our approach is based on the study of boundary maps, which we are able to construct in low ranks or under some suitable Zariski density assumption, circumventing the lack of local compactness in the infinite-dimensional setting.

In this paper, we focus on dynamical properties of (real) convex projective surfaces. Our main theorem provides an asymptotic formula for the number of free homotopy classes with roughly the same renormalized Hilbert length for two distinct convex real projective structures. The correlation number in this asymptotic formula is characterized in terms of their Manhattan curve. We show that the correlation number is not uniformly bounded away from zero on the space of pairs of hyperbolic surfaces, answering a question of Schwartz and Sharp. In contrast, we provide examples of diverging sequences, defined via cubic rays, along which the correlation number stays larger than a uniform strictly positive constant. In the last section, we extend the correlation theorem to Hitchin representations.

Packing topological entropy is a dynamical analogy of the packing dimension, which can be viewed as a counterpart of Bowen topological entropy. In the present paper we give a systematic study of the packing topological entropy for a continuous G-action dynamical system (X,G)$(X,G)$ , where X is a compact metric space and G is a countable infinite discrete amenable group. We first prove a variational principle for amenable packing topological entropy: for any Borel subset Z of X, the packing topological entropy of Z equals the supremum of upper local entropy over all Borel probability measures for which the subset Z has full measure. Then we obtain an entropy inequality concerning amenable packing entropy. Finally, we show that the packing topological entropy of the set of generic points for any invariant Borel probability measure \mu $\mu$ coincides with the metric entropy if either \mu $\mu$ is ergodic or the system satisfies a kind of specification property.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of planar two-center Stark–Zeeman systems and define four J^{+}$J^{+}$ -like invariants for their periodic orbits. The construction is based on a previous construction for a planar one-center Stark–Zeeman system in [K. Cieliebak, U. Frauenfelder and O. van Koert. Periodic orbits in the restricted three-body problem and Arnold’s J^+$J^+$ -invariant. Regul. Chaotic Dyn. 22(4) (2017), 408–434] as well as Levi-Civita and Birkhoff regularizations. We analyze the relationship among these invariants and show that they are largely independent, based on a new construction called interior connected sum.

We consider a robust class of random non-uniformly expanding local homeomorphisms and Hölder continuous potentials with small variation. For each element of this class we develop the thermodynamical formalism and prove the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states among non-uniformly expanding measures. Moreover, we show that these equilibrium states and the random topological pressure vary continuously in this setting.

We discuss a metric description of the divergence of a (projectively) Anosov flow in dimension 3, in terms of its associated expansion rates and give metric and contact geometric characterizations of when a projectively Anosov flow is Anosov. We then study the symmetries that the existence of an invariant volume form yields on the geometry of an Anosov flow, from various viewpoints of the theory of contact hyperbolas, Reeb dynamics, and Liouville geometry, and give characterizations of when an Anosov flow is volume preserving, in terms of those theories. We finally use our study to show that the bi-contact surgery operations of Salmoiraghi [Surgery on Anosov flows using bi-contact geometry. Preprint, 2021, arXiv:2104.07109; and Goodman surgery and projectively Anosov flows. Preprint, 2022, arXiv:2202.01328] can be applied in an arbitrary small neighborhood of a periodic orbit of any Anosov flow. In particular, we conclude that the Goodman surgery of Anosov flows can be performed using the bi-contact surgery operations of Salmoiraghi [Goodman surgery and projectively Anosov flows. Preprint, 2022, arXiv:2202.01328].

We present a new sufficient criterion to prove that a non-sofic half-synchronized subshift is direct prime. The criterion is based on conjugacy invariant properties of Fischer graphs of half-synchronized shifts. We use this criterion to show as a new result that all n-Dyck shifts are direct prime, and we also give new proofs of direct primeness of non-sofic beta-shifts and non-sofic S-gap shifts. We also construct a class of non-sofic synchronized direct prime subshifts which additionally admit reversible cellular automata with all directions sensitive.