Both corporate partners and musicians may have valid reasons for wanting to terminate a contract. Forcing them to uphold the contract curbs party agency. Relevant reasons may include the aim of avoiding undue investment in an artist who has proven to be commercially unviable, the wish to escape unfair situations in terms of rights transfer, or cases of (perceived) unfairness in terms of exploitation and/or remuneration. The excessive duration of a contract may in itself also give rise to problems. On a more general level, the exclusive nature of many music industry contracts sits uneasily with the vision of musicians as independent, creative actors. This chapter reviews how the selected substantive legal regimes affect parties’ possibility to terminate the contractual relationship. First, the chapter reviews potentially applicable limitations on contract duration, as well as grounds for termination on the basis of breach of contract. Taking a more practical view, the consequences of contract termination are then assessed in order to gauge whether these consequences may amount to switching costs that prevent the termination of contracts in practice.

As part of an “object biography” of Flavius’ sculpture, this chapter traces reactions to its discovery and subsequent exhibition in the Palazzo Barberini, which raises issues related to the collecting of ancient art in Early Modern Rome and the sculpture’s role in presenting the Barberini family and its history to visitors to the palace.

Language plays a pivotal role in shaping social norms regarding interpersonal violence in Sierra Leone. Language is a structure of meaning that shapes perception of self and others. Linguistic practices are rooted in inferences contributing to understanding connections, including causality. Linguistic categories reflect and are influenced by social categories, making language an arena of political struggle. Terminologies for violence have evolved over time, influenced by historical forces, public discourse, and legal reforms. While legal discourse tends to cluster, local perceptions differentiate between ‘normal and acceptable’ and ‘unacceptable’ forms, considering intent, outcome, and potential for reconciliation. Men and women both engage in violence but in different ways, influenced by specific language and metaphorical expressions. Language shapes the moral economy of relationships, bridging community perceptions, state discourses, and external influences. Studying interpersonal violence within its cultural and linguistic context can therefore provide deep understanding.

In practice, there are several obstacles to the application of the substantive legal framework analysed in the previous chapters. First, there is a risk of contractual provisions that deviate from the legal norm. The qualification of certain rules as mandatory law may prevent such contractual deviation. Even so, effective recourse to the protective regimes throughout the course of the contract is not guaranteed. Reference may be made to the possibility for corporate partners to have recourse to trade secret protection and the apparent limited invocation of the protective legal framework. Collective enforcement may contribute to enhanced transparency throughout the music value chain and counter musicians’ fear of commercial retaliation. Further bolstering extra-judicial enforcement is likely to fulfil an important complementary role.

This chapter summarises the implications of this comparative study for the development of the judicial application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (the Convention) in jurisdictions beyond this study. It argues that domestic reception rules are a necessary starting point but do not fully explain how the courts apply the Convention. It pleads for more attention to the sui generis methods of engagement with the Convention, but also to the domestic structure of reception as an often overlooked factor that influences its application. The chapter calls for a more systematic attention to the interaction between the Convention, and the overlapping domestic and international instruments. This will enable a better understanding of the issues in relation to which courts find the Convention most useful. The chapter argues that for the Convention to preserve or claim its rightful place among international instruments with impact on domestic judicial reasoning, the added value of the Convention must be better understood. Lastly, the chapter highlights the role of the courts and the Committee on the Rights of the Child in further developing the judicial application of the Convention.

The chapter argues that the domestic judicial application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (the Convention) is important and in need of systematic attention, especially in light of the Convention’s novelty and special features. The chapter shows that in the absence of prior systematic comparative international studies, it remains relevant to study the judicial application of the Convention through the lens of the formal domestic rules that inform the reception of the Convention in monist, dualist, and hybrid legal systems. The chapter also argues that it is not only these formal factors that affect the judicial application of the Convention, but also the domestic structure of reception wherein the Convention is received. The chapter further explains the selection of a heterogenous sample of jurisdictions, consisting of France, Australia, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, and the use of a comparative international law perspective as a theoretical framework for the book.

In the last ten years, as nineteenth-century Americanists have turned their attention to disability as an analytical category for their own field, they have used and developed new tools and modes of analysis to map a much more complex disability landscape. In this chapter, I turn to Harriet Wilson’s Our Nig (1859) to ask what a fictionalized autobiography written from the experience of a disabled Black woman can show us about the complexity and limitations of our critical understandings of disability in the period. Whereas we have been trained to look for disability in nineteenth-century American literature as represented flatly and relegated to the margins, Wilson keeps disability at the center of her narrative. Such a reading employs the method of historical cripistemology – that is, it begins from the experiences and knowledge of disabled people in the past – here, Harriet Wilson’s – to reframe our understanding of literature and culture. In Our Nig, Wilson uses her own experience to break with familiar Black and white forms for narrating disability in the antebellum period. Taking up Our Nig from this perspective demonstrates how careful attention to disability in nineteenth-century American literature and culture – particularly literature written by disabled people – can help us recover the broader scope and greater variety of disability representation in the period, as well as its import for helping us reenvision how we read literature in the period more broadly.

Chapter 3 is devoted to fractionalization in polyacetylene. Topological defects (solitons) in the dimerization of polyacetylene are introduced and shown to bind electronic zero modes. The fractional charge of these zero modes is calculated by different means: (1) The Schrieffer counting formula(2) Scattering theory(3) Supersymmetry(4) Gradient expansion of the current(5) Bosonization.

The effects of temperature on the fractional charge and the robustness of the zero modes to interactions in polyacetylene are studied.